【摘要】：本研究旨在探究國內(nèi)不同代際人口的家庭結(jié)構(gòu)和婚姻關(guān)系隨時間變化的趨勢。首先，以個人自評問卷（Locke-Wallace婚姻調(diào)適測定與Olson婚姻質(zhì)量問卷）和非自評問卷式的投射測驗（婚姻健康測驗）為研究工具，調(diào)查了2404對夫妻的婚姻狀況；探討不同家庭生命周期和不同婚齡階段夫妻婚姻關(guān)系的變化趨勢；以及夫妻年齡差異和文化程度對婚姻關(guān)系的影響。其次，對1985個家庭的家庭結(jié)構(gòu)進行歸類，并對比“六普”抽樣數(shù)據(jù)，從實證角度分析我國家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的變遷特點，同時考察家庭結(jié)構(gòu)類型對婚姻關(guān)系的影響。最后，以“80后”為研究對象，通過代際比較，剖析“80后”的婚姻關(guān)系特點。 研究表明： （1）夫妻的婚姻滿意度和婚姻調(diào)適水平存在顯著的性別差異。 （2）男大女小的婚配模式是一種普遍的社會現(xiàn)象，，且年齡越大的夫妻，夫妻年齡差異越傾向于擴大。 （3）男女婚姻滿意度和婚姻調(diào)適在不同文化水平間存在顯著差異，文化程度越高，夫妻婚姻滿意度和婚姻調(diào)適得分越高。 （4）婚姻關(guān)系隨家庭生命周期的變化趨勢呈現(xiàn)如下特點：男性的婚姻滿意度和婚姻調(diào)適得分在不同生命周期階段均存在顯著差異，而女性沒有顯著差異；男女得分在家庭生命周期階段中呈現(xiàn)不規(guī)則的“U”型曲線，其“低谷期”為學齡前期階段（第一個子女3-6歲），比西方的研究提前了5-10年。對夫妻的關(guān)系互動進行評估，結(jié)果表明不同家庭生命周期階段夫妻的婚姻關(guān)系在理解程度、默契和角色互動維度上存在顯著差異。 （5）無論在個人自評還是關(guān)系互動評估上，不同婚齡階段夫妻的婚姻關(guān)系均存在顯著差異。使用自評問卷的結(jié)果表明：婚齡到6-10年時婚姻滿意度和婚姻調(diào)適水平會達到“低谷期”，這與生命周期的第三個階段（學齡前期階段）相對應；女性的婚姻滿意度和婚姻調(diào)適隨婚齡變化的趨勢雖與男性一致，但在各個階段得分都低于男性。使用投射測驗，對夫妻關(guān)系互動進行評估發(fā)現(xiàn)，婚姻關(guān)系表現(xiàn)出隨著婚齡增加，夫妻之間的理解、默契和角色互動提高的趨勢。 （6）我國家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的總特征是：核心家庭為主體，直系家庭占相當比例，復合家庭比例極低。家庭結(jié)構(gòu)類型和家庭戶規(guī)模存在明顯的城鄉(xiāng)差異和代際差異：家庭戶規(guī)模從城市到農(nóng)村逐漸遞增；直系家庭所占家庭類型的比例從50年代到80年代遞增。 （7）婚姻關(guān)系存在顯著的代際差異�！�50后”、“60后”的夫妻在關(guān)系互動上得分顯著高于“70后”和“80后”。對“80后”的婚姻狀況進行具體分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)有無子女、城鄉(xiāng)背景差異都能顯著影響夫妻對婚姻關(guān)系的自我評估：無子女的夫妻得分高于有子女的夫妻，城市高于農(nóng)村。而是否與父母居住顯著影響女性的婚姻調(diào)適：與父母居住的妻子婚姻調(diào)適顯著低于不與父母居住的妻子。文化程度能顯著正向預測“80后”夫妻對婚姻關(guān)系的自我評估。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to explore the trends of family structure and marital relationships among different generations in China. First of all, 2404 couples' marital status were investigated by personal self-assessment questionnaire (Locke-Wallace marriage adjustment questionnaire and Olson marital quality questionnaire) and non-self-assessment projective test (marriage health test). To explore the changing trend of marital relationship between husband and wife in different family life cycle and marriage age, and the influence of age difference and education level of husband and wife on marriage relationship. Secondly, it classifies the family structure of 1985 families, compares the sampling data of "six popular", analyzes the changing characteristics of the family structure in China from the empirical point of view, and examines the influence of the family structure type on the marriage relationship at the same time. Finally, taking the post-80s as the research object, through the intergenerational comparison, analyzes the after-80s marriage relations characteristic. The results show that: (1) there are significant gender differences in marital satisfaction and marriage adjustment level between husband and wife. (2) the marriage pattern of male, female and female is a common social phenomenon, and the older the husband and wife are, The age difference of husband and wife tends to expand. (3) there are significant differences in marital satisfaction and marriage adjustment between men and women at different education levels, the higher the education level, the higher the degree of education. The higher the score of marital satisfaction and adjustment of husband and wife is. (4) the changing trend of marriage relationship with family life cycle shows the following characteristics: male marriage satisfaction and marriage adjustment scores have significant differences in different life cycle stages. However, there was no significant difference between women and men, and the scores of men and women showed an irregular "U" curve in the family life cycle. The "low point" of the curve was the pre-school period (the first child was 3-6 years old), which was 5-10 years earlier than the western study. The results of the evaluation of the relationship interaction between husband and wife show that the marital relationship is understood in different family life cycle stages. There are significant differences in the dimensions of tacit understanding and role interaction. (5) there are significant differences in marriage relationship between husband and wife at different marriage age both in personal self-assessment and relationship interaction evaluation. The results of the self-assessment questionnaire show that the marital satisfaction and the level of marriage adjustment will reach the "low point" at the age of 6-10 years, which corresponds to the third stage of the life cycle (the pre-school stage); The trend of marital satisfaction and adjustment with marriage age is consistent with that of male, but it is lower than that of male in every stage. A projection test was used to evaluate the interaction between husband and wife. It was found that marital relationship showed understanding between husband and wife with the increase of marriage age. The trend of tacit understanding and role interaction. (6) the general characteristics of Chinese family structure are that nuclear family is the main body, direct family accounts for a considerable proportion, and the proportion of complex family is very low. There are obvious differences between urban and rural areas and intergenerational differences in family structure types and household size: the household size increases gradually from urban to rural areas; The proportion of direct families in family types increased from 1950s to 1980s. (7) there were significant intergenerational differences in marital relationships. The scores of relationship interaction between "post-50s" and "post-60" couples were significantly higher than those of "post-70s" and "post-80s" couples. Through the analysis of the marital status of the post-80s generation, it is found that the differences between urban and rural backgrounds can significantly affect the self-evaluation of marital relationships: the score of childless couples is higher than that of childless couples, and that of urban couples is higher than that of rural areas. Whether they live with their parents has a significant impact on their marriage adjustment: the marriage adjustment of their wives living with their parents is significantly lower than that of the wives who do not live with their parents. Education level can predict the self-evaluation of marriage relationship significantly.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：C913.1

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