沙崗村兒童撫育方式研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-05 20:05
【摘要】：本文以河南一個(gè)漢族農(nóng)村社區(qū)作為田野調(diào)查點(diǎn),以民族志的方式對(duì)該社區(qū)的兒童撫育方式進(jìn)行了整體性的深描,探討當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽凇皟和瘬嵊绞健钡臍v史與現(xiàn)狀,并運(yùn)用民族學(xué)相關(guān)理論對(duì)其文化內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了初步的闡釋。文章主要采取歷史文獻(xiàn)法、田野調(diào)查法、個(gè)案分析法、比較法等研究方法,以盡可能全面地獲得當(dāng)?shù)貎和瘬嵊绞降奈幕聦?shí),從民族學(xué)“整體觀(guān)”的視角,將其置于社區(qū)文化情境中去把握。故而文章首先從社區(qū)的環(huán)境入手,交代社區(qū)的自然環(huán)境和人文環(huán)境,然后從“擇偶”、“生育觀(guān)”、“孕育習(xí)俗與分娩習(xí)俗”、“兒童撫育方式”及隨著勞動(dòng)力外出務(wù)工經(jīng)商造成的留守兒童撫育等幾個(gè)層面,展開(kāi)對(duì)沙崗村兒童撫育方式的深度描寫(xiě)和闡述。整個(gè)敘述與分析既注重構(gòu)成兒童撫育方式的各文化因子相互間的橫向關(guān)系,又考慮到兒童撫育方式在歷時(shí)方面的縱向變化,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步探討沙崗村兒童撫育方式變遷的原因。 文章認(rèn)為,兒童在其成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中總是根據(jù)一系列的文化需求對(duì)其進(jìn)行撫育,以此實(shí)現(xiàn)地方性文化的代代傳承。所以,兒童撫育方式是一個(gè)復(fù)合的地方性文化系統(tǒng)的需求,必須對(duì)該地方的文化現(xiàn)象,包括習(xí)俗、信仰、禁忌、教育、婚姻、價(jià)值觀(guān)及由于社會(huì)文化變遷而導(dǎo)致的各種新的文化事項(xiàng)加以全面的描述,從文化傳承和文化變遷的總體意義上來(lái)理解兒童撫育方式。同時(shí),文章認(rèn)為,即使是地處偏遠(yuǎn)區(qū)域的村落,也不是一個(gè)完全封閉的社會(huì)空間,同樣會(huì)受到來(lái)自外界、國(guó)家政策等方面因素的影響,形成大傳統(tǒng)與小傳統(tǒng)的互動(dòng)。據(jù)此,本文大體上得出三個(gè)方面的結(jié)論：1、兒童撫育方式是地方性文化的再生產(chǎn)和傳承的重要途徑。通過(guò)對(duì)兒童的撫育,使兒童在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中浸潤(rùn)于地方性文化之中并不斷把地方性文化內(nèi)化,成為指導(dǎo)其日常行為規(guī)范的準(zhǔn)則,在此過(guò)程中,地方性文化也得以傳承和再生產(chǎn)；2、文化變遷是一個(gè)恒常的過(guò)程,而引起兒童撫育方式變遷的原因是多元的,是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果,很難說(shuō)是某單一原因的獨(dú)自導(dǎo)致,但在某個(gè)時(shí)期可能是某種原因起著主要的明顯的作用。引起沙崗村兒童撫育方式的變遷是由幾種內(nèi)外動(dòng)因在合力下共同發(fā)生作用,主要是先由國(guó)家行政力量推行計(jì)劃生育政策及后來(lái)的城市化帶來(lái)的外出人口流動(dòng)增加和義務(wù)教育普及,進(jìn)而通過(guò)村民們追求高質(zhì)量的生活水平的內(nèi)因而導(dǎo)致；3、“大傳統(tǒng)”與“小傳統(tǒng)”是雙向互動(dòng)的,彼此之間存在著廣泛、深入、頻繁的碰撞,是多向度、多層次的影響和吸納。它們?cè)诖迓渖鐣?huì)中彼此影響,共同塑造著村落文化。同時(shí),在二者的互動(dòng)過(guò)程中,存在一個(gè)選擇問(wèn)題,各自根據(jù)不同的需要對(duì)某些因素進(jìn)行篩選,進(jìn)行不斷的調(diào)適,并且彼此之間會(huì)做出一些妥協(xié),最終實(shí)現(xiàn)文化的再創(chuàng)造。筆者希望通過(guò)這一個(gè)案的深入研究,由點(diǎn)及面,以反觀(guān)當(dāng)前中國(guó)農(nóng)村社會(huì)的變遷。 論文主要分為三部分：第一部分為緒論。涵蓋了研究的緣由與意義、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)綜述與研究視角、核心概念的界定、研究方法以及沙崗村的地理位置、歷史、自然與人文資源、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)等內(nèi)容。 第二部分為論文的主體,共分六章：分別探討了沙崗村村民擇偶習(xí)俗、生育觀(guān)、孕育習(xí)俗和分娩習(xí)俗、兒童撫育方式、留守兒童撫育等,并從文化變遷的視角闡釋了沙崗村兒童撫育方式變遷的原因。 第三部分：結(jié)語(yǔ)。主要對(duì)本研究的一些觀(guān)點(diǎn)作了進(jìn)一步闡釋與提升,即：兒童撫育方式是根據(jù)地方性文化需求對(duì)兒童進(jìn)行撫育,把兒童撫育成符合地方性文化的個(gè)體；地方性文化在國(guó)家相關(guān)制度、政策主導(dǎo)下發(fā)生變遷；“小傳統(tǒng)”與“大傳統(tǒng)”是雙向互動(dòng)的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Taking a rural community of the Han nationality in Henan Province as a field investigation point, this paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth description of the child-rearing mode in the community by ethnography, explores the history and current situation of the local people in the "child-rearing mode", and makes a preliminary interpretation of its cultural connotation by using the relevant ethnological theories. Historical literature method, field investigation method, case analysis method, comparative method and other research methods, in order to obtain the cultural facts of the local child-rearing way as comprehensively as possible, from the perspective of Ethnology "holistic view", put it in the context of community culture to grasp. Then, from several aspects, such as "spouse selection", "fertility concept", "gestation custom and childbirth custom", "child rearing mode" and the left-behind children rearing caused by the labor force going out to work and business, the author makes a deep description and elaboration of the child rearing mode in Shagang village. The horizontal relationship among the cultural factors and the longitudinal changes of child-rearing patterns are also taken into account. On this basis, the reasons for the changes of child-rearing patterns in Shagang Village are further discussed.
The article holds that children are always brought up according to a series of cultural needs in the process of their growth, so as to realize the local cultural heritage from generation to generation. The article also points out that even a village in a remote area is not a completely closed social space and will be subject to external and state affairs. Based on these, this paper draws three conclusions: 1. Child rearing is an important way to reproduce and inherit the local culture. Through the rearing of children, children will be immersed in the local culture in the process of growth and continue to put the local culture in the local culture. Internalization becomes the norm to guide their daily behavior, in this process, local culture can also be inherited and reproduced; 2, cultural change is a constant process, and the causes of changes in child-rearing patterns are multiple, is the result of a variety of factors, it is difficult to say that a single cause alone led to, but in a certain case The change of child-rearing mode in Shagang village is caused by several internal and external factors, mainly by the implementation of the family planning policy by the state administrative forces and the subsequent urbanization of migration and the popularization of compulsory education. Through the villagers'pursuit of high-quality living standards, it leads to; 3, "big tradition" and "small tradition" are two-way interaction, there is a wide, deep, frequent collision between each other, is a multi-dimensional, multi-level impact and absorption. They influence each other in the village society, and jointly shape the village culture. At the same time, in the mutual impact of the two. In the process of action, there is a problem of choice, each according to different needs of certain factors to screen, constantly adjust, and will make some compromises between each other, and ultimately achieve cultural re-creation.
The paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction, which covers the reasons and significance of the study, literature review and research perspective, the definition of core concepts, research methods, as well as the geographical location of Shagang village, history, natural and human resources, social and economic content.
The second part is the main body of the paper, which is divided into six chapters: Discussing the custom of choosing spouse, the concept of bearing, the custom of gestation and childbirth, the way of raising children, the way of raising left-behind children, etc. in Shagang village, and explaining the reasons of the change of the way of raising children from the perspective of cultural change.
The third part is the conclusion. Some viewpoints of this study are further explained and promoted, that is, children are brought up according to local cultural needs, and children are brought up as individuals in line with local culture; local culture changes under the guidance of relevant national systems and policies; and "small traditions" and "small traditions" "Great tradition" is a two-way interactive relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C913.5
本文編號(hào)：2225327
[Abstract]:Taking a rural community of the Han nationality in Henan Province as a field investigation point, this paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth description of the child-rearing mode in the community by ethnography, explores the history and current situation of the local people in the "child-rearing mode", and makes a preliminary interpretation of its cultural connotation by using the relevant ethnological theories. Historical literature method, field investigation method, case analysis method, comparative method and other research methods, in order to obtain the cultural facts of the local child-rearing way as comprehensively as possible, from the perspective of Ethnology "holistic view", put it in the context of community culture to grasp. Then, from several aspects, such as "spouse selection", "fertility concept", "gestation custom and childbirth custom", "child rearing mode" and the left-behind children rearing caused by the labor force going out to work and business, the author makes a deep description and elaboration of the child rearing mode in Shagang village. The horizontal relationship among the cultural factors and the longitudinal changes of child-rearing patterns are also taken into account. On this basis, the reasons for the changes of child-rearing patterns in Shagang Village are further discussed.
The article holds that children are always brought up according to a series of cultural needs in the process of their growth, so as to realize the local cultural heritage from generation to generation. The article also points out that even a village in a remote area is not a completely closed social space and will be subject to external and state affairs. Based on these, this paper draws three conclusions: 1. Child rearing is an important way to reproduce and inherit the local culture. Through the rearing of children, children will be immersed in the local culture in the process of growth and continue to put the local culture in the local culture. Internalization becomes the norm to guide their daily behavior, in this process, local culture can also be inherited and reproduced; 2, cultural change is a constant process, and the causes of changes in child-rearing patterns are multiple, is the result of a variety of factors, it is difficult to say that a single cause alone led to, but in a certain case The change of child-rearing mode in Shagang village is caused by several internal and external factors, mainly by the implementation of the family planning policy by the state administrative forces and the subsequent urbanization of migration and the popularization of compulsory education. Through the villagers'pursuit of high-quality living standards, it leads to; 3, "big tradition" and "small tradition" are two-way interaction, there is a wide, deep, frequent collision between each other, is a multi-dimensional, multi-level impact and absorption. They influence each other in the village society, and jointly shape the village culture. At the same time, in the mutual impact of the two. In the process of action, there is a problem of choice, each according to different needs of certain factors to screen, constantly adjust, and will make some compromises between each other, and ultimately achieve cultural re-creation.
The paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction, which covers the reasons and significance of the study, literature review and research perspective, the definition of core concepts, research methods, as well as the geographical location of Shagang village, history, natural and human resources, social and economic content.
The second part is the main body of the paper, which is divided into six chapters: Discussing the custom of choosing spouse, the concept of bearing, the custom of gestation and childbirth, the way of raising children, the way of raising left-behind children, etc. in Shagang village, and explaining the reasons of the change of the way of raising children from the perspective of cultural change.
The third part is the conclusion. Some viewpoints of this study are further explained and promoted, that is, children are brought up according to local cultural needs, and children are brought up as individuals in line with local culture; local culture changes under the guidance of relevant national systems and policies; and "small traditions" and "small traditions" "Great tradition" is a two-way interactive relationship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C913.5
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 李雙;農(nóng)村留守兒童道德問(wèn)題研究[D];湖南科技大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2225327
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