廣西紅水河流域社會(huì)—生態(tài)系統(tǒng)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-27 18:07
【摘要】：脆弱性問(wèn)題是當(dāng)今國(guó)際社會(huì)和學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)注和研究的重要熱點(diǎn)。西南喀斯特山區(qū)是我國(guó)乃至地球上最為脆弱的復(fù)合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一。廣西紅水河流域地處于該區(qū)域內(nèi),其人口、環(huán)境、資源和社會(huì)的矛盾非常突出。開(kāi)展廣西紅水河流域社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)脆弱性的研究,有助于科學(xué)地認(rèn)識(shí)紅水河流域區(qū)域脆弱性本質(zhì)特征及其發(fā)生機(jī)制,可為該區(qū)域可持續(xù)利發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和決策支撐,具有重要的理論意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本研究綜合運(yùn)用地質(zhì)學(xué)、綜合自然地理學(xué)、山地系統(tǒng)科學(xué)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論等相關(guān)學(xué)科知識(shí),以復(fù)合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)理論、脆弱性基本理論和人地關(guān)系基本理論為指導(dǎo),以3S技術(shù)為輔助手段,在實(shí)地調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,分析研究區(qū)域自然、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)系統(tǒng)和各要素的主要特征,及其對(duì)區(qū)域脆弱性的影響,建立區(qū)域社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,采用熵值法,對(duì)該區(qū)脆弱性進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,提出區(qū)域社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)與維護(hù)對(duì)策。從時(shí)空兩維角度,對(duì)該區(qū)脆弱性進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,提出區(qū)域社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)與維護(hù)對(duì)策。通過(guò)本研究,取得如下主要認(rèn)識(shí)和結(jié)論:(1)廣西紅水河流域?qū)俚湫偷目λ固厣絽^(qū),也是廣西社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)較為獨(dú)特的地域單元,該區(qū)域礦產(chǎn)、生物、旅游以及農(nóng)業(yè)氣候等自然資源非常豐富,但社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)極其脆弱,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化發(fā)展落后,是廣西典型的貧困區(qū)。紅水河流域資源環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展對(duì)廣西經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展和全面小康社會(huì)建設(shè)有著十分重要的意義。(2)對(duì)研究區(qū)域的社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)脆弱性影響因子分析表明,區(qū)內(nèi)碳酸鹽巖十分發(fā)育,喀斯特廣布,地形峰叢-洼地較為發(fā)育,地形起伏度大,水文系統(tǒng)具有特殊的地表地下二元結(jié)構(gòu)特征,自然本底較為脆弱;疊加后期人類經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)活動(dòng)的強(qiáng)烈干擾,研究區(qū)域脆弱性加劇。由于自然要素和人文要素空間分布的差異,研究區(qū)的脆弱性呈現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈的區(qū)域分異特征。(3)綜合考慮區(qū)域社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及其要素特征,構(gòu)建以自然系統(tǒng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)系統(tǒng)為準(zhǔn)則層的共14評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的廣西紅水河流域區(qū)社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系;運(yùn)用熵值法,從時(shí)、空兩維角度,對(duì)研究區(qū)社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)脆弱性進(jìn)行定量評(píng)價(jià),根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果將研究區(qū)域脆弱性劃分為極度脆弱(Ⅰ)、重度脆弱(Ⅱ)、中度脆弱(Ⅲ)、輕度脆弱(Ⅳ)微度脆弱(Ⅴ)等5個(gè)等級(jí)類型。(4)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,空間上,研究區(qū)域脆弱性中部地區(qū)最強(qiáng),往東南和西北兩端總體逐漸變?nèi)?時(shí)間上,2000～2015年研究區(qū)域域脆弱性綜合評(píng)價(jià)值總體呈下降的趨勢(shì),其中,2000～2005年綜合評(píng)價(jià)值呈小幅上升,2010～2015年逐步下降。(5)廣西紅水河流域社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)與維護(hù),要制定研究區(qū)域脆弱性治理的政策和機(jī)制,加強(qiáng)生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù),發(fā)展多種經(jīng)營(yíng),加大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)力度,招商引資,引進(jìn)人才,建立社會(huì)-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測(cè)與管理,根據(jù)各個(gè)脆弱性等級(jí)類型區(qū)特征,采取針對(duì)性的措施。極度脆弱(Ⅰ)類型區(qū)的核心是優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與布局;重度脆弱(Ⅱ)類型區(qū)要著重發(fā)展立體生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè),發(fā)展農(nóng)村社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì),恢復(fù)和維持自然系統(tǒng)的平衡;中度脆弱(Ⅲ)類型區(qū)要優(yōu)先保護(hù)與改良耕地,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展;輕度脆弱(Ⅳ)類型區(qū)要重點(diǎn)推進(jìn)退耕還林還草,逐步提高植被覆蓋度,增大環(huán)境容量和穩(wěn)定性;脆弱(Ⅴ)類型區(qū)關(guān)鍵是要控制人口數(shù)量,提高人口質(zhì)量,實(shí)現(xiàn)人口發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、資源承載力的相適應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The problem of vulnerability is an important focus of attention and research in the international community and academia. The karst mountainous area in southwest China is one of the most vulnerable complex ecosystems in China and even in the world. The study of ecosystem vulnerability is helpful to understand the essential characteristics and occurrence mechanism of regional vulnerability in Hongshui River basin scientifically, and can provide scientific basis and decision support for the sustainable development of the region. It has important theoretical significance and application value. Guided by the theory of complex ecosystem, the basic theory of vulnerability and the basic theory of human-land relationship, and assisted by 3S technology, the main characteristics of regional natural, economic and social systems and elements, and their impacts on regional vulnerability are analyzed and established on the basis of field investigation. Based on the evaluation results, the regional social-ecosystem restoration and maintenance countermeasures are put forward. The regional social-ecosystem restoration and maintenance are analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of space-time. Through this study, the following main understandings and conclusions are obtained: (1) Hongshui River Basin in Guangxi is a typical karst mountainous area, and it is also a relatively unique regional unit of Social-Ecological System in Guangxi. The region is rich in natural resources such as minerals, biology, tourism and agricultural climate, but the social-ecological system is extremely fragile, socio-economic and social. The backward development of culture is a typical poverty-stricken area in Guangxi. The resources and environment of the Hongshui River Basin and the sustainable development of economy and society are of great significance to the economic and social development of Guangxi and the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way. The hydrological system has special features of surface and underground structure, and its natural background is fragile. The fragility of the study area is aggravated by the strong disturbance of human economic and social activities in the late superimposed period. (3) Considering the characteristics of regional social-ecosystem and its elements, the evaluation index system of social-ecosystem in Hongshui River basin was constructed with natural system and economic-social system as the criterion layer, and the entropy method was used to study the social-ecosystem in the study area from the two dimensions of time and space. Quantitative evaluation of system vulnerability was carried out. According to the evaluation results, the vulnerability of the study area was divided into five grades: extreme vulnerability (I), severe vulnerability (II), moderate vulnerability (III), mild vulnerability (IV) and mild vulnerability (V). (4) The evaluation results showed that the central region of the study area was the most vulnerable, and the southeast and northwest regions were in general one by one. The comprehensive evaluation value of regional vulnerability showed a downward trend from 2000 to 2015, with a slight increase from 2000 to 2005 and a gradual decrease from 2010 to 2015. Strong ecological construction and environmental protection, development of diversified economy, intensification of infrastructure construction, investment attraction, introduction of talent, establishment of Social-Ecological System Monitoring and management, according to the characteristics of each vulnerable type of region, adopt targeted measures. II) Type areas should focus on the development of three-dimensional ecological agriculture, the development of rural socio-economic, and the restoration and maintenance of the balance of natural systems; moderately vulnerable (III) type areas should give priority to the protection and improvement of cultivated land to achieve sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems; and mildly vulnerable (IV) type areas should focus on promoting the conversion of farmland to forests and grasslands, and gradually increase vegetation coverage. Large environmental capacity and stability; the key to vulnerable (V) type areas is to control the number of people, improve the quality of population, and realize the adaptation of population development to economic development and resource carrying capacity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X2;C912.8
本文編號(hào)：2208035
[Abstract]:The problem of vulnerability is an important focus of attention and research in the international community and academia. The karst mountainous area in southwest China is one of the most vulnerable complex ecosystems in China and even in the world. The study of ecosystem vulnerability is helpful to understand the essential characteristics and occurrence mechanism of regional vulnerability in Hongshui River basin scientifically, and can provide scientific basis and decision support for the sustainable development of the region. It has important theoretical significance and application value. Guided by the theory of complex ecosystem, the basic theory of vulnerability and the basic theory of human-land relationship, and assisted by 3S technology, the main characteristics of regional natural, economic and social systems and elements, and their impacts on regional vulnerability are analyzed and established on the basis of field investigation. Based on the evaluation results, the regional social-ecosystem restoration and maintenance countermeasures are put forward. The regional social-ecosystem restoration and maintenance are analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of space-time. Through this study, the following main understandings and conclusions are obtained: (1) Hongshui River Basin in Guangxi is a typical karst mountainous area, and it is also a relatively unique regional unit of Social-Ecological System in Guangxi. The region is rich in natural resources such as minerals, biology, tourism and agricultural climate, but the social-ecological system is extremely fragile, socio-economic and social. The backward development of culture is a typical poverty-stricken area in Guangxi. The resources and environment of the Hongshui River Basin and the sustainable development of economy and society are of great significance to the economic and social development of Guangxi and the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way. The hydrological system has special features of surface and underground structure, and its natural background is fragile. The fragility of the study area is aggravated by the strong disturbance of human economic and social activities in the late superimposed period. (3) Considering the characteristics of regional social-ecosystem and its elements, the evaluation index system of social-ecosystem in Hongshui River basin was constructed with natural system and economic-social system as the criterion layer, and the entropy method was used to study the social-ecosystem in the study area from the two dimensions of time and space. Quantitative evaluation of system vulnerability was carried out. According to the evaluation results, the vulnerability of the study area was divided into five grades: extreme vulnerability (I), severe vulnerability (II), moderate vulnerability (III), mild vulnerability (IV) and mild vulnerability (V). (4) The evaluation results showed that the central region of the study area was the most vulnerable, and the southeast and northwest regions were in general one by one. The comprehensive evaluation value of regional vulnerability showed a downward trend from 2000 to 2015, with a slight increase from 2000 to 2005 and a gradual decrease from 2010 to 2015. Strong ecological construction and environmental protection, development of diversified economy, intensification of infrastructure construction, investment attraction, introduction of talent, establishment of Social-Ecological System Monitoring and management, according to the characteristics of each vulnerable type of region, adopt targeted measures. II) Type areas should focus on the development of three-dimensional ecological agriculture, the development of rural socio-economic, and the restoration and maintenance of the balance of natural systems; moderately vulnerable (III) type areas should give priority to the protection and improvement of cultivated land to achieve sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems; and mildly vulnerable (IV) type areas should focus on promoting the conversion of farmland to forests and grasslands, and gradually increase vegetation coverage. Large environmental capacity and stability; the key to vulnerable (V) type areas is to control the number of people, improve the quality of population, and realize the adaptation of population development to economic development and resource carrying capacity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X2;C912.8
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 周強(qiáng);周慧杰;李史干;朱杰;吳燕婷;劉云東;劉警鑒;;廣西紅水河流域生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)劃初探[J];企業(yè)科技與發(fā)展;2017年10期
，本文編號(hào)：2208035
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