【摘要】：責(zé)任是理解人們在特定情境中如何做出價值判斷和行動的核心概念,對于社會的良性發(fā)展有重要的意義。所以,責(zé)任自古以來便是社會學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、教育學(xué)、政治學(xué)等領(lǐng)域關(guān)注的一個話題。心理學(xué)對于責(zé)任的研究還處于起步階段,而且現(xiàn)有的研究主要針對相對靜態(tài)的責(zé)任,沒有系統(tǒng)地同時研究責(zé)任情境中靜態(tài)因素和動態(tài)因素。本研究從社會認(rèn)知理論出發(fā),探討個體因素和情境因素對人的責(zé)任感和親社會行為的影響。以責(zé)任三角模型為理論根據(jù),分析身份認(rèn)知、他人行為和行為目的對責(zé)任感的影響以及責(zé)任感和行為的關(guān)系。本研究一主要探討了身份認(rèn)知(經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況)和他人行為(他人合作或者他人不合作)對于人們在非經(jīng)濟(jì)目的下公共物品兩難中責(zé)任感和親社會行為的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),身份認(rèn)知對于責(zé)任感和親社會行為的影響效果顯著,當(dāng)人們處于經(jīng)濟(jì)地位相同狀況時比經(jīng)濟(jì)地位低時有更強(qiáng)的責(zé)任感,在公共物品兩難中任務(wù)貢獻(xiàn)率更高。他人是否合作對人們的責(zé)任感沒有顯著影響,但人們在他人不合作時的任務(wù)貢獻(xiàn)率比他人合作時的任務(wù)貢獻(xiàn)率更高。同時,責(zé)任感和親社會行為的相關(guān)顯著。本研究二主要探討了身份認(rèn)知(道德身份中心度)、啟動(道德啟動)、他人行為(他人合作或者他人不合作)和行為目的(非經(jīng)濟(jì)目的和經(jīng)濟(jì)目的)對責(zé)任感和親社會行為的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),(1)道德身份中心度高的人在兩種行為目的下都比道德身份中心度低的人責(zé)任感高；(2)經(jīng)歷他人合作的人在兩種行為目的下都比經(jīng)歷他人不合作的人責(zé)任感高；(3)啟動的效果則是在非經(jīng)濟(jì)目的下顯著,在經(jīng)濟(jì)目的下不顯著；(4)道德身份中心度和啟動在兩種框架下對責(zé)任感存在交互作用；道德身份中心度和他人行為則只在經(jīng)濟(jì)目的下對責(zé)任感存在交互作用；(5)總體說來,人們在非經(jīng)濟(jì)目的下的責(zé)任感高要高于在經(jīng)濟(jì)目的下的責(zé)任感；(6)責(zé)任感和親社會行為的相關(guān)顯著；個體因素和情境因素對責(zé)任感和親社會行為的影響是同步的。本研究的結(jié)果顯示了責(zé)任感和親社會行為影響因素的復(fù)雜性,證明了社會認(rèn)知理論的重要性。本研究也用多個因素探討了責(zé)任和親社會行為的關(guān)系,指出責(zé)任感很可能是個體和情境因素影響親社會行為的心理機(jī)制。最后,本研究在上述研究結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了本研究的不足之處,探討了今后相關(guān)研究的發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:Responsibility is the core concept of how people make value judgment and action in a particular situation, which is of great significance to the healthy development of society. Therefore, responsibility has been a topic of concern in sociology, ethics, pedagogy and political science since ancient times. The study of responsibility in psychology is still in its infancy, and the existing research mainly focuses on the relatively static responsibility, and does not systematically study the static and dynamic factors in the situation of responsibility at the same time. Based on the theory of social cognition, this study explores the influence of individual factors and situational factors on human responsibility and prosocial behavior. Based on the theory of responsibility triangle model, this paper analyzes the influence of identity cognition, behavior and purpose of others on responsibility, and the relationship between responsibility and behavior. In the first study, the effects of identity cognition (economic status) and behavior of others (cooperation or non-cooperation of others) on people's responsibility and pro-social behavior in the dilemma of public goods for non-economic purposes are discussed. The results showed that identity cognition had a significant effect on responsibility and pro-social behavior. When people were in the same economic status, they had a stronger sense of responsibility than when economic status was lower, and the contribution rate of task was higher in the dilemma of public goods. Whether others cooperate or not has no significant influence on people's sense of responsibility, but the contribution rate of task when others are not cooperating is higher than that when others cooperate. At the same time, the relationship between responsibility and pro-social behavior is significant. The second study mainly discusses identity cognition (moral identity centrality), priming (moral initiation), behavior of others (cooperation or non-cooperation of others) and purpose of behavior (non-economic purpose and economic purpose) towards responsibility and kinship. The influence of social behavior The results showed that (1) people with high moral identity center had higher sense of responsibility than those with lower moral identity center in both behavioral purposes, (2) those who experienced other people's cooperation had higher sense of responsibility than those who experienced others' uncooperative behavior. (3) the effect of startup is significant in non-economic purpose, but not in economic purpose, (4) moral identity centrality and priming have interaction on responsibility under two frameworks. On the other hand, the moral identity centrality and the behavior of others only interact with the sense of responsibility under the economic purpose; (5) generally speaking, the sense of responsibility of people under the non-economic purpose is higher than that under the economic purpose; (6) the relationship between responsibility and prosocial behavior is significant, and the influence of individual factor and situational factor on responsibility and prosocial behavior is synchronous. The results of this study show the complexity of the influence factors of responsibility and prosocial behavior, and prove the importance of social cognitive theory. This study also discusses the relationship between responsibility and prosocial behavior with several factors, and points out that responsibility is probably the psychological mechanism by which individual and situational factors influence prosocial behavior. Finally, on the basis of the above research results, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of this study and discusses the development direction of related research in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C912.6

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本文編號：2162661