【摘要】：自現(xiàn)代性以至,高風(fēng)險性社會已經(jīng)來臨。風(fēng)險的全球性、普遍性、不確定、歷時性與共時性的相互交織,極大地增加了風(fēng)險向危機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化的可能性,危機(jī)是風(fēng)險的實(shí)踐性后果,公共風(fēng)險與危機(jī)事件的不間斷地爆發(fā)已成為當(dāng)今社會的常態(tài)特征,塑造了現(xiàn)實(shí)復(fù)雜的社會情境。而制度作為應(yīng)對危機(jī)重要手段,制度屬性與風(fēng)險屬性契合,這也決定了制度在風(fēng)險規(guī)避與危機(jī)處理的地位。制度不是一成不變的,其需要依據(jù)社會環(huán)境的變化作出適時調(diào)整,在特定情境下研究制度變遷具有重大意義。 漸進(jìn)式制度變遷是當(dāng)前常態(tài)化的制度變遷的方式,其變遷的前提在于相對穩(wěn)定的社會環(huán)境,而囿于常態(tài)制度變遷自身變遷所遭遇制度墮距、制度變遷成本高、制度合力難以有效形成、利益集團(tuán)的博弈阻擾等多重因素的障礙,在風(fēng)險情境中其漸進(jìn)式的變遷節(jié)奏難以跟上迅速突變的風(fēng)險及危機(jī)事件,困境凸顯,常遭遇猝不及防、手足無措的尷尬境地。危機(jī)爆發(fā)時,急劇擴(kuò)散的災(zāi)難效應(yīng)、社會失序的威脅蔓延,制度間失衡、異化、扭曲、沖突的彌散,形成了對新制度的強(qiáng)烈需求,危機(jī)干預(yù)與管理需要應(yīng)急制度的強(qiáng)力支持�；诔B(tài)制度在困難情境下的失效與風(fēng)險危機(jī)情境的共同呼喚,突變式應(yīng)急制度通過對常態(tài)制度變遷方式的困境的化解與對危機(jī)的干預(yù)適時出現(xiàn)。而對于構(gòu)建與健全公共危機(jī)管理體系,尤其在以后面對類似危機(jī)時,降低危機(jī)效應(yīng),更需要將歷時的應(yīng)急制度加以常態(tài)化,沉淀化為一種機(jī)制。應(yīng)急制度常態(tài)化是未來制度變遷方式的一種重要形式與機(jī)制,形構(gòu)了風(fēng)險社會下的特定制度變遷邏輯。
[Abstract]:From modernity to high risk society has come. The interweaving of global, universal, uncertain, diachronic and synchronic risks greatly increases the possibility of risk being transformed into a crisis, which is a practical consequence of risk. The uninterrupted outbreak of public risks and crisis events has become the normal feature of the present society and has shaped the complicated social situation. System as an important means to deal with the crisis, institutional attributes and risk attributes agree, which also determines the position of institutions in risk avoidance and crisis management. Institution is not fixed, it needs to make timely adjustment according to the change of social environment, so it is of great significance to study institutional change in a specific situation. The gradual institutional change is the normal mode of institutional change at present. The premise of the change lies in the relatively stable social environment, and the cost of institutional change is high because of the system falling distance encountered by the change of normal institution itself. The institutional resultant force is difficult to form effectively, the interest group's game hinders and so on many factors obstacle, in the risk situation its gradual change rhythm is difficult to keep up with the rapid sudden change risk and the crisis event, the difficult position is prominent, often encounters unprepared, An awkward situation. When the crisis broke out, the disaster effect of rapid spread, the threat of social disorder spread, the imbalance between systems, alienation, distortion, the dispersion of conflict, formed a strong demand for the new system, crisis intervention and management needs the strong support of emergency system. Based on the failure of the normal system in the difficult situation and the common call of the risk crisis situation, the sudden emergency system appears timely through the solution of the predicament of the change of the normal system and the intervention of the crisis. To construct and perfect the public crisis management system, especially in the future when facing similar crises, to reduce the crisis effect, it is necessary to normalize and precipitate the diachronic emergency system into a mechanism. The normalization of emergency institutions is an important form and mechanism of institutional changes in the future, which forms the logic of specific institutional changes in a risky society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C912

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