【摘要】：最近幾年,我國農(nóng)村高額彩禮現(xiàn)象逐漸成為媒體和學(xué)界探討的熱點(diǎn)。由高額彩禮引發(fā)的“因婚致貧”“因婚返貧”“光棍村”等社會(huì)問題日益困擾著政府和普通百姓。傳統(tǒng)的談婚論嫁演變成了“談婚論價(jià)”,令不少男方家庭不堪重負(fù)。許多父母為了給兒子娶妻而大量舉債,有的地方甚至出現(xiàn)了近親結(jié)婚現(xiàn)象�；橐鱿M(fèi)不僅是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,還是一個(gè)文化現(xiàn)象,它折射了社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期農(nóng)村社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變遷,對(duì)于理解當(dāng)下農(nóng)民的消費(fèi)觀念和消費(fèi)行為具有重要意義。本文以贛東北地區(qū)的杜村為例,采用文獻(xiàn)分析、深度訪談和問卷調(diào)查的研究方法,收集杜村男性婚姻消費(fèi)的資料。在資料整理和SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,列出不同時(shí)期杜村男性的婚姻消費(fèi)清單,并且探討婚姻消費(fèi)的現(xiàn)狀及其歷史演變。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)村居民的婚姻消費(fèi)產(chǎn)生了顯著影響。從20世紀(jì)60年代末期到今天,農(nóng)村居民的消費(fèi)觀念和消費(fèi)行為都發(fā)生了巨大變化。集體化時(shí)期,杜村男性經(jīng)歷了長達(dá)十年的婚姻消費(fèi)停滯期,彩禮數(shù)額一直維持在兩百元;改革開放以后,彩禮數(shù)額不斷攀升,從幾百元到幾千元,再增加到幾十萬元。在支付形式上,婚姻消費(fèi)從以實(shí)物支付為主轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐载泿胖Ц稙橹?在性質(zhì)上,彩禮的功能從代際資助轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤按H剝削”。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),20世紀(jì)90年代杜村的平均出生人口性別比接近130,適婚人口性別結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)重失衡;女性在擇偶時(shí)越來越看重男性的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力,女性的婚姻觀念日趨經(jīng)濟(jì)理性化;杜村保留著傳統(tǒng)的族譜,村民的傳宗接代思想依然根深蒂固。這些因素共同導(dǎo)致了杜村高額彩禮的出現(xiàn)。應(yīng)用布迪厄的婚姻策略理論來分析杜村的高額彩禮和“跨國婚姻”現(xiàn)象,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們可以被理解為農(nóng)村男性的兩種婚姻策略,其主要目的是為了延續(xù)血脈。從消費(fèi)社會(huì)學(xué)理論視角看,某種程度上女性被商品化了,經(jīng)濟(jì)市場的交換原則也適用于情感領(lǐng)域的婚姻消費(fèi);消費(fèi)主義已經(jīng)從城市蔓延到了農(nóng)村,農(nóng)村居民的消費(fèi)理念逐漸從物品的使用價(jià)值過渡到符號(hào)價(jià)值,消費(fèi)行為本身也越來越形式化、程式化。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the phenomenon of high bride price in rural areas has gradually become a hot topic in media and academic circles. Social problems such as "getting poor by marriage", "returning from marriage to poverty", "single village" caused by high bride price are increasingly puzzling the government and ordinary people. The traditional marriage theory has evolved into "talking about marriage price", which makes many male families overburdened. Many parents borrowed heavily to marry their sons, and in some places they even married close relatives. Marriage consumption is not only an economic phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon. It reflects the changes of rural social structure in the period of social transformation. It is of great significance to understand the current consumption concept and behavior of farmers. Taking Ducun in Northeast Jiangxi as an example, this paper collects the data of male marriage consumption in Ducun by means of literature analysis, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey. On the basis of data collation and SPSS20.0 statistical analysis, this paper makes a list of men's marriage consumption in Ducun in different periods, and probes into the present situation and historical evolution of marriage consumption. The study found that the development of market economy has a significant impact on the marriage consumption of rural residents. From the late 1960s to today, the consumption concept and behavior of rural residents have undergone tremendous changes. During the collectivization period, Ducun men experienced a period of marriage and consumption stagnation for up to 10 years, and the amount of the bride price was maintained at 200 yuan. After the reform and opening up, the amount of the bride price continued to climb, from several hundred yuan to several thousand yuan, and then to several hundred thousand yuan. In the form of payment, marital consumption has changed from payment in kind to payment in money; in nature, the function of bride price has changed from intergenerational subsidy to intergenerational exploitation. The study found that the average sex ratio of the birth population in Ducun was close to 130 in the 1990s, and the sex structure of the married population was seriously out of balance, while the economic strength of the male was more and more important in the selection of female spouse, and the concept of marriage of the female was becoming more and more economical and rational. Ducun retains a traditional genealogy, and the villagers' idea of succession is still deeply rooted. These factors together led to the appearance of high bride price in du Village. Applying Bourdieu's marriage strategy theory to analyze Ducun's high bride price and the phenomenon of "transnational marriage", it is found that they can be understood as two kinds of marriage strategies of rural men, the main purpose of which is to continue the blood line. From the perspective of the sociology of consumption theory, to some extent, women have been commercialized, and the exchange principle of the economic market has also been applied to marriage consumption in the emotional field; consumerism has spread from the city to the countryside. The consumption concept of rural residents is gradually changing from the use value of goods to the symbolic value, and the consumption behavior itself is becoming more and more formalized and formulaic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C913.1

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