【摘要】：自閉癥是一種因神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)失調(diào)導(dǎo)致的廣泛性發(fā)育障礙,主要表現(xiàn)在交往障礙、交流障礙、興趣和活動的局限、智力發(fā)育障礙等,病因至今未明,自閉癥兒童就像是星星的孩子。由于現(xiàn)實原因,他們長期處于邊緣角落成為特殊人群,在自閉癥兒童長期的康復(fù)路上,高昂的費用和長期巨大的精神壓力,給自閉癥兒童家庭帶來了平常家庭無法想象的痛苦和煎熬,讓他們在社會中處于被動地位,給他們貼上特殊群體的標簽。目前我國很多研究都是以自閉癥兒童的康復(fù)治療和現(xiàn)實狀況作為研究視角,主要集中于自閉癥兒童本身,而對自閉癥兒童家庭的研究不多,他們的社會支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在不同程度的斷層或者缺乏,尤其在邊疆地區(qū),因為各種客觀條件的制約,自閉癥兒童家庭的社會支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源不足。筆者在新疆烏魯木齊市Y機構(gòu)進行專業(yè)實習(xí)期間,在實習(xí)過程中與自閉癥兒童家庭照顧者建立友好信任的關(guān)系,在此關(guān)系建立的基礎(chǔ)上,選取10例自閉癥兒童家庭作為研究對象,主要通過訪談法、觀察法及行動研究法,對自閉癥兒童的照顧者進行深入訪談,發(fā)現(xiàn)自閉癥兒童照顧者在照顧自閉癥兒童過程中遇到很多困難,其中主要包括經(jīng)濟層面,教育資源層面,心理層面,家庭關(guān)系和社會政策層面以及社會交往等方面的問題,然后筆者運用社會支持理論和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)理論分析照顧者及其整個家庭在照顧過程中現(xiàn)有的各種支持及他們對社會支持的感受。通過前期的深入觀察和訪談了解,分析服務(wù)對象的問題和社會支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不充分而帶來的多重壓力,筆者嘗試以社會工作視角下社會工作介入到自閉癥兒童家庭的專業(yè)方法,開展自閉癥兒童照顧者的小組工作和個案工作方法,在小組互助過程和后期個案跟進服務(wù)中,幫助他們解決生活上的實際問題,鏈接和完善自閉癥兒童家庭原有的社會支持網(wǎng)絡(luò),以構(gòu)建自閉癥兒童家庭社會支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
[Abstract]:Autism is a kind of widespread developmental disorder caused by nervous system disorder, mainly manifested in communication disorders, communication disorders, limitations of interest and activity, mental retardation, and so on. The cause of the disease is not clear, autistic children are like star children. Because of practical reasons, they have long been in the edge corner to become special people, in autism The long-term rehabilitation road of children, high cost and long-term great mental pressure have brought unimaginable pain and suffering to the families of autistic children, and let them be in a passive position in society and label them with special groups. Many studies in China are now treated with the rehabilitation and reality of autistic children. As a research perspective, it mainly concentrates on autistic children themselves, but there are few studies on autistic children's families. Their social support network has different faults or deficiencies, especially in the border areas. Because of the constraints of various objective conditions, the social support network resources of autistic children are insufficient. The author is in Xinjiang. In the course of professional practice, the Y organization of Urumqi city established a friendly trust relationship with family caregivers of autistic children during the process of practice. On the basis of this relationship, 10 families of autistic children were selected as the research object, mainly through interview, observation and action research, and the caregivers of autistic children were deeply studied. In the interview, we found that the caregivers of autistic children encountered many difficulties in the process of caring for autistic children, including economic, educational, psychological, family and social policy and social interaction. Then the author used the social support theory and the ecosystem theory to analyze the caregivers. All the support and their feelings about social support in the process of caring for the whole family. Through in-depth observation and interviews in the earlier period, the problems of the service objects and the multiple pressures of the inadequate social support network are analyzed. The author tries to intervene in the family of children with autism by social work. Professional methods, group work and case work methods for autistic children caregivers, in group assistance process and later case follow-up service, to help them solve practical problems in life, link and improve the original social support network for autistic children, in order to build the social support network for autistic children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C916

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