本文選題：留守兒童 + 孤獨(dú)感�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：孤獨(dú)感是30年來(lái)中西方心理學(xué)家廣泛關(guān)注的研究領(lǐng)域。2004年以來(lái),農(nóng)村留守兒童這一特殊群體逐漸受到中國(guó)社會(huì)各界的普遍關(guān)注,學(xué)術(shù)界也開始對(duì)留守兒童孤獨(dú)感進(jìn)行了研究。王良鋒、張順等人(2006)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),留守兒童中存在高孤獨(dú)感的比率為17.6%。Liu,Sun等(2010)對(duì)中國(guó)留守兒童調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),親情缺失導(dǎo)致留守兒童產(chǎn)生較低的自我概念和較高的孤獨(dú)感。但是,包括認(rèn)知加工理論角度在內(nèi)的現(xiàn)有研究主要是運(yùn)用理論辨析和問(wèn)卷調(diào)查對(duì)留守兒童孤獨(dú)感的現(xiàn)狀、成因、教育對(duì)策進(jìn)行分析,未見運(yùn)用社會(huì)認(rèn)知實(shí)驗(yàn)法分析孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體對(duì)親情缺失相關(guān)信息的認(rèn)知加工特點(diǎn)。而分析留守兒童對(duì)親情缺失相關(guān)信息的認(rèn)知加工特點(diǎn),對(duì)于改善留守兒童的孤獨(dú)感,培養(yǎng)其社會(huì)情緒能力,提高其生命質(zhì)量具有重要的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)踐意義。 本研究采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法、訪談法和實(shí)驗(yàn)法等方法,對(duì)農(nóng)村留守兒童孤獨(dú)感的結(jié)構(gòu)特征及其對(duì)親情缺失相關(guān)信息的信息加工特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)探討。整個(gè)研究分為2大部分,由6項(xiàng)研究構(gòu)成。第一部分是整個(gè)研究的基礎(chǔ),主要涉及留守兒童孤獨(dú)感的探索性和驗(yàn)證性因素分析、發(fā)展特征探討；第二部分是整個(gè)研究的重點(diǎn),主要涉及農(nóng)村孤獨(dú)感留守兒童對(duì)親情缺失相關(guān)信息的信息加工偏好及信息加工自動(dòng)化研究。綜合本研究,得出了如下結(jié)論： (1)自編的農(nóng)村留守兒童孤獨(dú)感的測(cè)量工具——農(nóng)村留守兒童孤獨(dú)感問(wèn)卷,具有可接受的心理測(cè)量學(xué)指標(biāo)。 (2)農(nóng)村留守兒童孤獨(dú)感由親子關(guān)系、社會(huì)關(guān)系、同伴關(guān)系三個(gè)一階因素構(gòu)成。 (3)農(nóng)村留守兒童由父母外出導(dǎo)致的孤獨(dú)感不存在性別差異,但存在年級(jí)差異,呈現(xiàn)出隨著年級(jí)升高,孤獨(dú)感隨之下降的趨勢(shì)。 (4)農(nóng)村留守兒童的孤獨(dú)感與父母的外出類型不存在顯著差異。但農(nóng)村留守兒童的孤獨(dú)感與父母的外出類型在個(gè)別因素上存在顯著差異,在社會(huì)關(guān)系因素上存在顯著差異,表現(xiàn)為父親外出父母都外出母親外出。 (5)農(nóng)村留守兒童的代養(yǎng)人類型上不存在顯著差異,但在個(gè)別因素上存在顯著差異,在與父親的相處關(guān)系中存在顯著的年級(jí)差異,表現(xiàn)為其他人代養(yǎng)媽媽代養(yǎng)祖父或祖母代養(yǎng)叔叔/伯伯/舅舅或嬸嬸/姨媽/舅媽代養(yǎng)。 (6)孤獨(dú)感農(nóng)村留守兒童對(duì)親情缺失相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行加工時(shí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)性編碼偏好及負(fù)性編碼偏向,表現(xiàn)為對(duì)在正性和負(fù)性親情缺失相關(guān)信息句子編碼出更多的負(fù)性句子條目,較少的正性句子條目；對(duì)負(fù)性句子條目的負(fù)偏向較大,而正性、中性條目正偏向較小。 (7)孤獨(dú)感農(nóng)村留守兒童對(duì)親情缺失相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行加工時(shí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)性記憶偏好及負(fù)性記憶偏向,表現(xiàn)為在正性條件下回憶出的正性條目數(shù)量顯著更少,但是在負(fù)性條件下回憶出的負(fù)性條目數(shù)量卻顯著更多；中性條件下,是家庭孤獨(dú)組和同伴孤獨(dú)組回憶出的負(fù)性條目多；在正性條件下為正偏向,負(fù)性和中性條件下均為負(fù)偏向。 (8)孤獨(dú)感農(nóng)村留守兒童對(duì)親情缺失相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行加工時(shí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)啟動(dòng)效應(yīng),具體表現(xiàn)為反應(yīng)速度較慢,出現(xiàn)抑制現(xiàn)象。 (9)孤獨(dú)感農(nóng)村留守兒童對(duì)親情缺失相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行加工時(shí)產(chǎn)生閾下負(fù)啟動(dòng)效應(yīng),具體表現(xiàn)為孤獨(dú)感兒童對(duì)親情缺失相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行了抑制,從而導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)時(shí)延長(zhǎng),其中孤獨(dú)感農(nóng)村留守兒童對(duì)與啟動(dòng)詞不一致的目標(biāo)刺激加工時(shí)間相對(duì)更長(zhǎng)。 綜上所述,本研究在心下幾個(gè)方面有所創(chuàng)新和突破：第一,探索并初步構(gòu)建了留守兒童孤獨(dú)感的結(jié)構(gòu)模型,探索了留守兒童孤獨(dú)感的發(fā)展特征。第二,編制了符合心理測(cè)量學(xué)規(guī)范的《留守兒童孤獨(dú)感問(wèn)卷》,初步解決了留守兒童孤獨(dú)感的測(cè)量工具問(wèn)題。第三,通過(guò)系列行為實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)了留守兒童孤獨(dú)感存在信息加工偏好和信息加工自動(dòng)化現(xiàn)象。第四,綜合化的研究取向和多種方法、手段的運(yùn)用,為孤獨(dú)感研究提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:Loneliness is a research field that has been widely concerned by Chinese and Western psychologists for the past 30 years.2004 years ago, the special group of left behind children in rural areas has gradually attracted the attention of all walks of life in China. The academic circles have also begun to study the loneliness of children left behind. Wang Liangfeng, Zhang Shun and others (2006) have found that there is a high loneliness among the left behind children. The ratio of 17.6%.Liu, Sun and so on (2010) in the investigation of Chinese left behind children found that the lack of parental affection leads to a lower self-concept and a higher loneliness of the left behind children. However, the existing research, including the cognitive processing theory angle, mainly uses the theoretical analysis and the questionnaire to investigate the status of the loneliness of the left behind children, the causes, and the education The strategy is carried out to analyze the cognitive processing characteristics of lonely individuals with lack of related information, and the analysis of the cognitive processing characteristics of the left behind children's lack of related information has important theoretical price to improve the loneliness of the left behind children, to cultivate their social emotional ability and to improve their quality of life. Value and practical significance.
This study adopts the method of questionnaire, interview and experiment to systematically discuss the characteristics of the loneliness of the children left behind in rural areas and the information processing characteristics of the related information. The whole study is divided into 2 parts, which are composed of 6 studies. The first part is the basis of the whole study, which mainly involves the loneliness of the left behind children. The second part is the focus of the whole study, which mainly involves the information processing preference and the automation of information processing for the left behind children of rural loneliness.
(1) a self-designed questionnaire for measuring loneliness in rural left behind children, which has an acceptable psychometric index.
(2) the loneliness of rural left behind children consists of three first-order factors: parent-child relationship, social relationship and peer relationship.
(3) there is no gender difference in loneliness among the children left behind in rural areas, but there is a grade difference, which shows a tendency to decrease with the increase of grade.
(4) there is no significant difference between the loneliness of the children left behind in rural areas and the type of parents' outgoing. However, there are significant differences in the loneliness of the left behind children and the types of parents' outgoing, and the significant difference in social relations between the parents and their parents.
(5) there is no significant difference in the type of the generation of the children of the rural left behind, but there are significant differences in some individual factors. There are significant grade differences in the relationship with the father, which is expressed by the grandparents of other people for their grandparents and uncle / uncle / aunt / aunt / aunt / aunt.
(6) the negative coding preference and negative encoding bias of the children left behind in the loneliness of the rural left behind were negative and negative, which showed that more negative sentence items were encoded and fewer positive sentence items were encoded in the positive and negative family missing information sentences, and negative sentences were negatively biased and positive. Sex items are slightly smaller.
(7) the negative memory preference and negative memory bias were produced when the children left behind in the lonely rural areas, which showed that the number of positive items recalled under positive conditions was significantly less, but the number of negative items recollect under the negative condition was significantly more; under the neutral condition, it was the lonely group in the family and in the neutral condition. There were more negative items in peer loneliness group, positive bias in positive condition, negative bias in negative and neutral conditions.
(8) loneliness in rural left behind children has negative priming effect when processing related information of family loss, which is manifested by slow reaction and inhibition.
(9) the children left behind in the lonely rural areas have a negative threshold effect when processing the relative information of the absence of the relatives. The specific expression is that the lonely children inhibit the related information of the absence of the relatives, which leads to the prolongation of the response time.
To sum up, this study has some innovations and breakthroughs in the following aspects: first, we explored and initially constructed the structural model of the loneliness of left behind children, explored the development characteristics of the loneliness of the left behind children. Second, a questionnaire of loneliness of left behind children was compiled in accordance with the norms of psychometrics, which preliminarily solved the measurement of loneliness of left behind children. Third, through a series of behavioral experiments, it is proved that the loneliness of the left behind children has information processing preference and information processing automation. Fourth, comprehensive research orientation and a variety of methods, and the use of means, provide new ideas for the study of loneliness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：C913.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 謝蘭;毛厭草;;農(nóng)村地區(qū)留守兒童心理健康教育的現(xiàn)狀與實(shí)施途徑[J];現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生;2012年22期

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本文編號(hào)：2104630