本文選題：智殘 + 支持��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：智殘,顧名思義,就是智力殘疾,是指智力顯著低于一般人水平,并伴有適應(yīng)行為的障礙。此類殘疾是由于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、功能障礙,使個體活動和參與受到限制,需要環(huán)境提供全面、廣泛、有限和間歇的支持。智力殘疾包括：在智力發(fā)育期間(18歲之前),由于各種有害因素導(dǎo)致的精神發(fā)育不全或智力遲滯；或者智力發(fā)育成熟以后,由于各種有害因素導(dǎo)致有智力損害或智力明顯衰退�！� 本文采用質(zhì)性研究方法中的文獻(xiàn)法、參與式觀察法、訪談法來研究南京智殘群體及其社會支持。筆者利用其實(shí)習(xí)和做義工的雙重身份,得以獲得機(jī)會,在C托養(yǎng)中心有三個多月的時間參與式觀察,并在此期間通過項(xiàng)目研討會、家長聯(lián)誼會、境外特殊教育領(lǐng)域?qū)＜襾韺庨_展知識講座,對殘聯(lián)官員、NGO負(fù)責(zé)人、智殘人士家長進(jìn)行深入訪談搜集資料,對資料進(jìn)行分析后筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)：政府為構(gòu)建和諧社會對智殘群體開始關(guān)注,但支持強(qiáng)度和支持功能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠；NGO在社會服務(wù)領(lǐng)域已發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用,但民辦智障托養(yǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)仍然面臨著生存和發(fā)展的困境；部分智殘人士家長已不再抱怨命運(yùn)不公,開始覺悟行動起來“抱團(tuán)取暖”,成立互助小組,幫助、互助和自助,成立家長聯(lián)合會,以增強(qiáng)智殘人士的社會支持功能,家長會成員或捐款、或出力,正努力創(chuàng)新,呼吁社會關(guān)注,全民參與,為智、精障人士尋求就業(yè)機(jī)會,為智、精障人士生活得有尊嚴(yán)而不遺余力。 本文通過六部分對研究內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述： 第一部分：前言,闡述了研究源起、研究意義、訪談對象的選擇與局限、研究方法。 第二部分：相關(guān)概念與研究文獻(xiàn),闡述了智殘定義及其演變,智力障礙概念的理論架構(gòu)——支持與支持系統(tǒng)。并對社會支持進(jìn)行了解釋。 第三部分：闡述了智殘群體的概況,對全國智殘群體、南京智殘群體進(jìn)行了概況性描述,并對女性智殘人士及智殘人士生育問題進(jìn)行了初步分析。 第四部分：闡述了南京社會對智殘群體提供的社會支持現(xiàn)狀,從政府、家庭、志愿者三方面對社會支持現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了描述。 第五部分：闡述了南京社會對智殘群體提供的社會支持發(fā)展問題,通過政府大力創(chuàng)建智殘托養(yǎng)中心,社區(qū)支持及居家養(yǎng)殘,NGO的創(chuàng)新模式,智殘家長成立聯(lián)合會等四個方面進(jìn)行分析。 第六部分：通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然對智殘群體的來源呈多元化趨勢,仍有兩個突出的問題凸顯并給出相應(yīng)的對策與建議。
[Abstract]:Mental disability, as the name implies, refers to intellectual disability, which is significantly lower than the average person and accompanied by barriers to adaptive behavior. Such disabilities are due to structural and functional disorders of the nervous system that limit individual activity and participation and require comprehensive, extensive, limited and intermittent support from the environment. Intellectual disability includes: mental retardation or retardation due to various harmful factors during intellectual development (up to the age of 18); or mental impairment or apparent decline as a result of a variety of harmful factors after maturity of intellectual development. ". In this paper, the literature method, the participatory observation method and the interview method are used to study the intellectual disability groups and their social support in Nanjing. The author took advantage of his dual status as an intern and a volunteer to obtain the opportunity to have a participatory observation at the C care center for more than three months, and during this period, through the project seminar, the parents' fraternity, Experts in the field of special education from abroad came to Nanjing to give lectures on knowledge and conduct in-depth interviews with officials of the disabled Federation and heads of NGOs and parents of the mentally handicapped to collect information. After analyzing the data, the author finds that the government has begun to pay attention to the mentally disabled group in order to build a harmonious society, but the support intensity and support function are far from enough. NGO has played a more and more important role in the field of social service. However, private institutions for the mentally handicapped still face the dilemma of survival and development. Some parents of the mentally handicapped no longer complain about the unfair fate, and have begun to wake up and "join groups to warm themselves up," and set up mutual aid groups to help, help and help themselves. To strengthen the social support function of the mentally handicapped, parents' association members or donations are working hard to innovate, appeal to the community to pay attention, participate in the whole people, and seek employment opportunities for the mentally handicapped. The mentally handicapped live with dignity and spare no effort. This paper describes the content of the research in six parts: the first part: the preface, the origin of the research, the significance of the study, the selection and limitation of the interview object, and the research methods. The second part: related concepts and research literature, elaborated the definition and evolution of intellectual disability, the theoretical framework of the concept of mental retardation-support and support system. Social support is explained. The third part: the general situation of the mentally disabled group, the general description of the national group and the Nanjing group, and the preliminary analysis of the problem of the female intellectual disability and the problem of the birth of the mentally disabled. The fourth part describes the current situation of the social support provided by Nanjing society to the mentally disabled, and describes the social support from the government, the family and the volunteers. The fifth part: elaborated the social support development question which the Nanjing society provides to the intellectual disabled group, through the government vigorously establishes the intellectual disabled care center, the community support and the home raises the disabled NGO the innovation pattern, Mental disabled parents set up a federation and other four aspects of analysis. In the sixth part, it is found that although there is a trend of diversification to the sources of the mentally handicapped group, there are still two outstanding problems highlighted and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C916

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本文編號：2052775