本文選題：鄉(xiāng)約 + 演變　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：鄉(xiāng)約是特定時空領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的基層社會在地緣和血緣關(guān)系上,由地方精英倡導(dǎo)并推行的自我管理、自我服務(wù)的民間組織。鄉(xiāng)約在傳統(tǒng)社會文化氛圍中產(chǎn)生并發(fā)展,其職能也不斷豐富,尤其是在中央集權(quán)加強的趨勢下,鄉(xiāng)約更加行政化、綜合化。傳統(tǒng)社會政治秩序的建立與維護,尤其是基層社會的政治秩序,是在文化秩序的基礎(chǔ)上進行的。治理文化作為無形的精神武器和非制度約束,是指統(tǒng)治者主動利用或者默許社會運用一些具有文化性質(zhì)的手段輔助治理、維護統(tǒng)治的治理方式,傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)約中所體現(xiàn)的治理文化包括法律文化、倫理文化以及教化等多個維度。治理文化對于軟化政治權(quán)力的強制力、維護政治權(quán)力的正當(dāng)性起著引領(lǐng)、支撐的歷史作用。國家權(quán)力由于矛盾作用而不斷用外在于社會的力量干預(yù)社會的自主運行,治理文化也在不斷的進行變化更新。鄉(xiāng)約是鄉(xiāng)土社會美好理想的承載者,代表一種“詩意的棲居”模式,儒家文化以鄉(xiāng)約為其實踐的路徑,踐行禮法、教化百姓。真正意義上的鄉(xiāng)約發(fā)軔于宋代《呂氏鄉(xiāng)約》,其后理學(xué)大家朱熹對其增損改易。自明代開始,鄉(xiāng)約官方教化職能和基層管理職能得到強化,而清代鄉(xiāng)約更成為官方教化、上諭宣講的御用工具,吸收了其他基層組織的職能,更加綜合化和行政化。隨著鄉(xiāng)約的演變,鄉(xiāng)約文化與鄉(xiāng)約的原本設(shè)計逐漸分離,以教化、法治文化、宗法文化為代表的鄉(xiāng)約治理文化逐步消解。最后在晚晴的社會動蕩和現(xiàn)代化沖動中,鄉(xiāng)約治理文化的精髓被極大弱化,鄉(xiāng)約徹底終結(jié)了儒家教化體系,其本身也走向了消亡。治理文化作為國家治理體系的重要組成部分,是國家治理能力的重要體現(xiàn),是國家治理整體化、系統(tǒng)化的必然要求。治理文化方面的考量,對于在國家與社會良性互動的基礎(chǔ)上,完善中國當(dāng)下具有中國特色的治理理念和具體方案,給予全面深化改革等任務(wù)精神方面的支撐,解決深層次的社會問題,具有非常重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本文正文共分四章。第一章“緒論”,簡要介紹相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究現(xiàn)狀以及本文寫作的方法與意義,并對本文提到的一些概念進行闡釋。第二章“鄉(xiāng)約在宋元的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展”,介紹鄉(xiāng)約的歷史萌芽以及宋元兩朝鄉(xiāng)約推行的基本情況。第三章“鄉(xiāng)約在明清的成熟和演變”,對明清時期鄉(xiāng)約行政化趨勢的原因、表現(xiàn)和影響進行勾勒。第四章“鄉(xiāng)約演變中文化治理的消解”,通過將鄉(xiāng)約和治理文化結(jié)合起來加以分析,簡要闡釋并分析鄉(xiāng)約在演變過程中,其價值和功能的變改。最后,本文聯(lián)系中國的實際,研究治理文化在“推進國家治理體系和國家治理能力現(xiàn)代化”的過程中所起的重要作用,并給出相關(guān)建議。
[Abstract]:Rural covenant is a kind of self-management and self-service non-governmental organization advocated and implemented by local elite in geographical and consanguineous relationship in the grass-roots society in a specific space-time field. In the traditional social and cultural atmosphere, the rural covenant emerged and developed, and its functions are constantly enriched, especially in the trend of centralization of power, the township covenant is more administrative and comprehensive. The establishment and maintenance of traditional social political order, especially the political order of grass-roots society, is carried out on the basis of cultural order. Governance culture, as an invisible spiritual weapon and non-institutional constraint, refers to the governance mode in which rulers actively use or acquiesce in society to use some means of cultural nature to assist governance and maintain the rule. The governance culture embodied in the traditional rural covenant includes legal culture, ethical culture and enlightenment. Governance culture plays a leading and supporting role in softening the coercive power of political power and safeguarding the legitimacy of political power. The power of the state interferes with the independent operation of the society with the external force of the society because of the contradictory function, and the culture of governance is constantly changing and updating. The rural covenant is the bearer of the beautiful ideal of the local society, representing a "poetic dwelling" mode. The Confucian culture takes the rural covenant as its path of practice, practices the ritual law and educates the people. The true meaning of the rural covenant originated in the Song Dynasty, after which Zhu Xi changed its losses. Since the Ming Dynasty, the official education function and the basic management function of the township contract have been strengthened, while the township covenant has become the official education function in the Qing Dynasty. The imperial tools of the oracles have absorbed the functions of other grass-roots organizations and become more comprehensive and administrative. With the evolution of the rural covenant, the culture of rural covenant and the original design of the rural covenant were gradually separated, and the culture of governance of the rural covenant, represented by the culture of education, rule of law and patriarchal culture, was gradually dispelled. Finally, in the late Qing Dynasty social turbulence and modernization impulse, the essence of the rural governance culture was greatly weakened, the township constitution completely ended the Confucian education system, and it itself also towards the end. As an important part of the national governance system, governance culture is an important embodiment of the national governance ability and an inevitable requirement for the integration and systematization of national governance. The consideration of governance culture, on the basis of the benign interaction between the state and society, to perfect China's current governance concepts and specific plans with Chinese characteristics, and to give support to the spirit of the task of comprehensively deepening reform, etc. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to solve the deep social problems. This text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter "introduction" briefly introduces the current situation of research in related fields, the writing methods and significance of this paper, and explains some concepts mentioned in this paper. The second chapter, "the emergence and development of the rural covenant in the Song and Yuan dynasties", introduces the historical germination of the rural covenant and the basic situation of the implementation of the rural treaty in the Song and Yuan dynasties. The third chapter, "the maturity and evolution of the township covenant in the Ming and Qing dynasties", outlines the reasons, performance and influence of the administrative trend of the township contract in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The fourth chapter, "the deconstruction of cultural governance in the evolution of rural covenant", analyzes the combination of rural contract and governance culture, and briefly explains and analyzes the change of value and function of rural contract in the process of evolution. Finally, this paper studies the important role of governance culture in the process of "promoting the modernization of national governance system and national governance capacity", and gives some relevant suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：C912.82

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本文編號：1958606