本文選題：基督徒 + 婦女　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：上海的離婚率在過去20年中攀升了7倍,其中70%的離婚訴訟由女性提出；另一方面,1993年以來走進宗教的中國基督徒占信徒總數(shù)的73.4%,其中69%為女性。2008年作者受上海市婦聯(lián)委托所做的調(diào)查顯示,婦女信教之后與配偶關(guān)系的滿意感明顯提高；在此基礎(chǔ)上作者試圖深化婦女、宗教與婚姻的關(guān)系,于是開展了本研究。 本研究采用問卷調(diào)查的量化研究和深度訪談的質(zhì)性研究探討基督教信仰對婦女的婚姻滿意感的影響。問卷調(diào)查部分采用自編問卷和已有量表,評估基督徒婦女(N=279)與非基督徒婦女(N=105)的婚姻滿意感、婚姻質(zhì)量、親密關(guān)系與沖突程度；質(zhì)性研究部分采取半結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談并以扎根理論進行資料分析。深度訪談對象包括上海市的15位基督徒與9位非基督徒婦女。 量的研究主要有四方面的發(fā)現(xiàn)：1)基督徒婦女信教年數(shù)越長婚姻滿意感越高；2)基督教婦女受教育程度越高婚姻滿意感越低；3)基督徒婦女婚姻滿意感顯著高于非基督徒婦女；4)基督徒婦女婚姻滿意感最低的相關(guān)因素是沖突處理、休閑娛樂和性關(guān)系。 信教5年以下的基督徒婦女婚姻滿意感與非基督徒婦女的差異不大。但是,信教10年以上的基督徒婦女婚姻滿意感卻在六個維度上顯著提高,包括男女角色、子女教養(yǎng)、姻親關(guān)系、金錢管理、沖突處理和感受關(guān)愛。質(zhì)的分析進一步發(fā)現(xiàn),這些提高主要來自婦女信教之后,在認知層面發(fā)生改變,或者深層心理需求得到滿足,因此婚姻滿意感提高。 基督教信仰經(jīng)由上帝作為“父親”角色與會友作為“兄弟姐妹”角色所提供的溫暖家庭氛圍,類同于長期團體心理治療,滿足了婦女感受關(guān)愛與歸屬感的需求,對童年依戀創(chuàng)傷有治療的效果,這是積極影響基督徒婦女婚姻滿意感最關(guān)鍵的心理因素。 另一方面的影響來自于認知層面的改變,主要是圣經(jīng)對女性家庭角色的積極賦義。婦女信教后開始重視夫妻關(guān)系勝于與孩子的關(guān)系,并厘清原生家庭與核心家庭的界線,這些變化可以促進她們對于夫妻關(guān)系、子女教養(yǎng)與姻親關(guān)系滿意感的提高。其次,她們的人生觀與金錢觀從重視今生變成重視永恒,愿意接受一些今生的損失以換取將來的獎賞,再加上歸因思維的變化——視苦難為化妝的祝福,這些認知層面的改變擴展了婦女對金錢管理和沖突處理的包容度,也間接帶來了婚姻滿意感的提高。 基督徒婦女的學(xué)歷與婚姻滿意感呈負相關(guān),教育程度越高,婚姻滿意感越低,主要是認知層次的問題。學(xué)歷大�；蛞陨系幕酵綃D女在金錢管理、姻親關(guān)系和家務(wù)分配三個維度的滿意感顯著低于大專以下學(xué)歷的基督徒婦女,只有休閑娛樂的滿意感高于大專以下婦女。訪談發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)高學(xué)歷、高收入的婦女遇上收入不及她們的丈夫時,她們對金錢管理的滿意感特別低。并非出于經(jīng)濟需要,而是女性需要被男性呵護與照顧的心理需求得不到滿足。另外,高學(xué)歷婦女想要在事業(yè)上一展所長而又面對家庭與孩子的責(zé)任難以兼顧時,丈夫若不能提供支持,則對家務(wù)分配不公平的怨言增加。高學(xué)歷婦女工作壓力相對較大,家務(wù)和孩子一般需依賴長輩的幫助才能兼顧,因此,姻親關(guān)系是這些婦女無可回避的一項挑戰(zhàn)。因此,高學(xué)歷基督徒婦女在姻親關(guān)系和家務(wù)分配兩個維度上滿意感較低。休閑娛樂的滿意感較高則可能與經(jīng)濟資源較豐有關(guān)。 信教5年以上的高學(xué)歷基督徒婦女婚姻滿意感也顯著提高,信教10年以上的高學(xué)歷婦女婚姻滿意感又有一個飛躍。信教時間越長,婦女婚姻滿意感越高的原因,主要是婦女受教會的影響而帶來的認知改變不是強制的,乃是在教會的角色教誨、信徒的榜樣與相互影響之下,耳濡目染,漸漸改變。 針對大�；蛞陨蠈W(xué)歷的基督徒與非基督徒婦女的比較結(jié)果如下：基督徒婦女婚姻滿意感顯著高于非基督徒婦女。在感受關(guān)愛、男女角色和子女教養(yǎng)三個維度她們的滿意感顯著高于非基督徒婦女。 感受關(guān)愛方面,基督徒婦女除了夫妻之間家庭的關(guān)愛,還享有更多關(guān)愛的來源,包括上帝的關(guān)愛與會友的關(guān)愛,因此擴充與強化了她們的社會支持。男女角色方面,基督徒婦女的性別角色傳統(tǒng)觀念的比例較高,家庭主婦比例也較高,基督教教義對男女角色的定位也減少了婦女婚姻中的沖突,因此基督徒婦女比非基督徒婦女滿意感高。在子女教養(yǎng)方面,基督徒婦女把夫妻關(guān)系置于親子關(guān)系之上,符合家庭治療的概念,對中國“父子軸”概念的文化是一個很好的突破與平衡,對婦女婚姻滿意感的提高有所助益。 消極因素方面,基督徒婦女婚姻滿意感最低的維度為沖突處理、休閑娛樂和性關(guān)系。訪談也發(fā)現(xiàn),部分婦女在“尊重丈夫、順服丈夫”的教育之下,壓抑了自我的需求以回避沖突,結(jié)果對問題解決沒有幫助,反而破壞了雙方的親密關(guān)系。休閑娛樂的滿意感較低,可能因為基督徒婦女高度卷入教會活動中,減少了家庭和個體休閑娛樂的時間。性關(guān)系滿意感較低,在訪談中卻極少被提及,顯示這是基督徒比較回避的主題。 結(jié)論,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)基督教信仰對婦女婚姻滿意感的影響主要體現(xiàn)在兩方面：認知方面,圣經(jīng)的性別角色觀與家庭觀對婦女進入婚姻后所面臨的性別角色調(diào)適賦予積極意義,有助于婚姻滿意感的提高；深層心理需求方面,上帝作為一個新的照顧者,提供了新的安全依戀,有助于治療婦女的童年創(chuàng)傷。同時,教會聚會所提供的歸屬感與社會支持相當(dāng)于團體心理治療,也提高了婦女的婚姻滿意感。因此,基督徒婦女的婚姻滿意感高于非基督徒婦女。但改變需要時間,所以信教時間與婦女的婚姻滿意感呈正相關(guān)。高學(xué)歷婦女對婚姻期望較高、工作壓力較大,因此,基督徒婦女的受教育程度與婚姻滿意感呈負相關(guān)。至于基督徒婦女婚姻中最不滿意的因素,主要是回避沖突、缺乏休閑娛樂和性關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Shanghai ' s divorce rate has climbed 7 times over the last 20 years , of which 70 % of divorce proceedings are filed by women ;
On the other hand , Chinese Christians who entered the religion since 1993 accounted for 73.4 % of the total believers , 69 % of whom were women . In 2008 , the author was commissioned by Shanghai Women ' s Federation to show that the satisfaction of the relationship between women and spouses was significantly improved .
On that basis , the author tried to deepen the relationship between women , religion and marriage , and then carried out the study .


In this study , the effects of Christian faith on women ' s marital satisfaction were investigated by means of quantitative research and deep interview . The questionnaires were used to assess the marital satisfaction , marital quality , intimate relationship and conflict degree of Christian women ( N = 279 ) and non - Christian women ( N = 105 ) .
The qualitative research part adopts semi - structured interview and carries on the data analysis with the root theory . The depth interview object includes 15 Christians in Shanghai and 9 non - Christian women .


There are four main findings in this study : 1 ) The higher the number of Christian women , the higher the satisfaction of marriage ;
2 ) The higher the educational level of Christian women , the lower the feeling of satisfaction ;
3 ) The satisfaction of Christian women ' s marriage was significantly higher than that of non - Christian women ;
4 ) The lowest correlation factor among Christian women ' s marital satisfaction is conflict management , leisure entertainment and sexual relations .


There is little difference between Christian women ' s marital satisfaction and non - Christian women under the age of 5 years . However , more than 10 years of Christian woman ' s marriage satisfaction has improved significantly in six dimensions , including the roles of men and women , children ' s upbringing , marriage , money management , conflict management and feelings of care .


Through God ' s role of " father " and " brothers and sisters " as " brothers and sisters " , the Christian faith is similar to long - term group psychotherapy , which meets the needs of women ' s feeling of love and belonging , and has the effect of treating childhood attachment trauma , which is the most critical psychological factor that positively affects the satisfaction of Christian women ' s marriage .


On the other hand , the influence comes from the change of cognitive level , which is mainly the positive meaning of the Bible ' s role in female family .


There is a negative correlation between women ' s educational background and marital satisfaction , the higher the degree of education , the lower the feeling of satisfaction of marriage , which is mainly the cognitive level .


Over the past five years , more than five years of high - education - educated Christian women have been more satisfied with their marital satisfaction , and more than 10 years of higher education have a leap in marriage satisfaction . The longer the teaching time , the higher the satisfaction of women ' s marriage , the greater the influence of women ' s marriage is not compulsory , but in the teaching of the role of the church , the role models and mutual influence of the followers , which gradually change .


The results of the comparison of Christian and non - Christian women for college or above are as follows : The Christian woman ' s satisfaction with marriage is significantly higher than that of non - Christian women . Their satisfaction is significantly higher than that of non - Christian women in the sense of caring , the role of men and women and the upbringing of their children .


Christian women are more satisfied with their social support than non - Christian women . Christian women are more satisfied with the role of men and women than non - Christian women . In the upbringing of their children , Christian women are more satisfied with the roles of men and women . In the upbringing of their children , Christian women have a good breakthrough and balance on the concept of " father and child " , which is beneficial to the improvement of women ' s marital satisfaction .


In terms of negative factors , the lowest level of marital satisfaction among Christian women is conflict management , leisure entertainment and sexual relations . The interview also found that some women , under the education of " respect for husbands and obedience husbands " , suppressed their own needs to avoid conflicts , but instead destroyed the intimate relations of both sides . The satisfaction of leisure and entertainment was low , and it was possible to reduce the time of family and individual leisure and recreation because of the high involvement of Christian women in church activities .


Conclusion : This study shows that the influence of Christian faith on women ' s marital satisfaction is mainly embodied in two aspects : cognitive aspect , the gender role of the Bible and the family view , the gender role adapting to women after entering into marriage is positive , which helps to improve the satisfaction of marriage ;
As a new caregiver , God has provided a new security attachment for the treatment of childhood trauma in women . At the same time , Christian women ' s sense of belonging and social support is equivalent to group psychotherapy , which also increases the marital satisfaction of women .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C913.13

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 申瑞娟;婚姻溝通對婚姻質(zhì)量及離婚的影響研究[D];西南大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1957762