本文選題：社會認(rèn)同威脅 + 信任　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：信任是人們對情境的一種反應(yīng),它是由情境刺激決定的個體心理和行為,是個體對某件事情可能要發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的一種心理預(yù)期及采取的相應(yīng)行動。信任是一個不穩(wěn)定的變量,個體的信任水平會隨著情境的改變而改變。這種情景之一就是社會認(rèn)同威脅。社會認(rèn)同理論認(rèn)為個體不僅想要獲得積極的個人認(rèn)同,也盡力想得到積極的社會認(rèn)同,當(dāng)這種需要不能滿足時,便會產(chǎn)生社會認(rèn)同威脅(Ellemers, Spears, Doosje,2002)。社會認(rèn)同威脅是指,個體通過與外群體相比較,不能得到肯定、積極的評價,無法確定自己處于一定的社會群體、社會類別或社會范疇,對個體產(chǎn)生的威脅(Tajfel, Turner,1986)。社會認(rèn)同威脅主要包括兩種類型的威脅：價值性威脅和獨特性威脅。價值性威脅是指內(nèi)群體價值被詆毀對個體社會認(rèn)同造成的威脅,例如個體所屬群體被低估、與外群體相比處于劣勢等。獨特性威脅是指外群體與內(nèi)群體差異對個體社會認(rèn)同造成的威脅。 當(dāng)群體中的個體感受到社會認(rèn)同威脅時,他們的認(rèn)知、情感會發(fā)生變化,會產(chǎn)生一種心理上的疏離感、剝奪感以及自卑感。信任是由情境刺激決定的個體心理和行為,信任也會受到社會認(rèn)同威脅的影響。劉華研究發(fā)現(xiàn),社會認(rèn)同威脅會顯著影響個體的信任水平。當(dāng)群體中的個體受到來自外群體的社會認(rèn)同威脅時,他們對內(nèi)群體的信任水平會顯著的上升,而對外群體的信任水平會顯著的下降。 Branscombe研究發(fā)現(xiàn),并不是所有內(nèi)群體成員對社會認(rèn)同威脅的反應(yīng)都一致的。群體成員的反應(yīng)與他們對此群體的社會認(rèn)同程度有關(guān)。當(dāng)群體成員受到來自外群體的認(rèn)同威脅時,低社會認(rèn)同者將會通過“表明從內(nèi)群體分離的態(tài)度、更多以個體身份而不是群體成員身份”這樣的方式來抵抗威脅,而高社會認(rèn)同的群體成員會企圖捍衛(wèi)這個群體的整體性,通過其群體成員身份來抵抗威脅。Jetten (?)研究表明：當(dāng)所屬群體的聲譽受損時,認(rèn)同群體的成員會更加肯定群體重視的價值,而不認(rèn)同群體的成員,則可能背棄群體的宗旨。新近的研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),個體差異會影響人們面對社會認(rèn)同威脅時的表現(xiàn)方式,這種差異就包括個體對特定群體的認(rèn)同強(qiáng)度差異。這些研究充分證明社會認(rèn)同強(qiáng)度不同的個體對社會認(rèn)同威脅的反應(yīng)是不一致的。社會認(rèn)同會作為前因變量對社會認(rèn)同威脅的影響過程產(chǎn)生作用。劉華的研究探討了社會認(rèn)同威脅對信任的影響,卻沒有進(jìn)一步考察社會認(rèn)同作為一個可能的前因變量對這一過程的影響作用。因此,本研究引入社會認(rèn)同這一新變量試圖進(jìn)一步探討社會認(rèn)同威脅對信任水平的影響作用。 本研究在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)置不同的認(rèn)同威脅情景來考察社會認(rèn)同威脅對信任水平的影響,同時考察了社會認(rèn)同在威脅和信任之間的調(diào)節(jié)作用。實驗一我們采用群體邊界開放的學(xué)校為群體單位,操作了價值威脅情景和獨特威脅情景來進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明：無論是否受到社會認(rèn)同威脅,被試對內(nèi)群體的信任水平均顯著高于對外群體的信任水平；社會認(rèn)同威脅、顯著影響被試對內(nèi)群體的信任水平,而對被試對外群體的信任水平?jīng)]有顯著的影響；社會認(rèn)同顯著調(diào)節(jié)社會認(rèn)同威脅對信任水平的影響。 研究一中采用的邊界開放的學(xué)校群體,因此研究二采用邊界密閉的群體,選取北方人和南方人兩個群體,進(jìn)一步考察社會認(rèn)同威脅對信任水平的具體影響。結(jié)果表明：無論是否受到社會認(rèn)同威脅,被試對內(nèi)群體的信任水平均顯著高于對外群體的信任水平；社會認(rèn)同威脅顯著影響被試的信任水平；社會認(rèn)同的調(diào)節(jié)作用不顯著。 實驗一、二結(jié)果表明,無論是否受到社會認(rèn)同威脅,被試對內(nèi)群體的信任水平均顯著的高于對外群體的信任水平；社會認(rèn)同威脅對信任水平具有顯著的影響作用；在群體邊界開放的群體中,社會認(rèn)同顯著調(diào)節(jié)社會認(rèn)同威脅對信任水平的影響,而在群體邊界密閉的群體中社會認(rèn)同的調(diào)節(jié)作用不顯著。
[Abstract]:Trust is a reaction to the situation. It is the individual psychology and behavior determined by the situation. It is a psychological expectation and the corresponding action that the individual may have to happen to a certain thing. Trust is an unstable variable, and the level of trust of the individual will change with the situation. One of the situations is Social identity threats. The theory of social identity believes that individuals not only want to get positive personal identity, but also try to get positive social identity. When such needs are not satisfied, social identity threats (Ellemers, Spears, Doosje, 2002). Social identity threat is that individuals can not be affirmed by comparison with the outside group. Positive evaluation can not determine the threat to the individual in a certain social group, social category or social category (Tajfel, Turner, 1986). The threat of social identity mainly includes two types of threats: value threat and unique threat. Value threat refers to the individual social identity caused by the discredit of the value of the internal group. Threats, such as the undervaluation of the individual group, are inferior to the outside group. The unique threat refers to the threat to the individual social identity caused by the difference between the external and the internal groups.
When the individuals in the group feel the threat of social identity, their cognition and emotion will change, which produces a psychological alienation, a sense of deprivation and a sense of inferiority. Trust is the individual psychology and behavior determined by the situation stimulus. Trust will also be influenced by the threat of social identity. Liu Hua research finds that the threat of social identity is significant. When the individuals in the group are threatened by the social identity from the outside group, the level of their trust in the internal group will rise significantly, while the level of the trust of the foreign groups will decrease significantly.
The Branscombe study found that not all members of the internal group respond to the threat of social identity. The response of the members of the group is related to the degree of social identity of the group. The individual identity rather than the group membership will resist the threat, and the group members of the high social identity will attempt to defend the integrity of the group and resist the threat of the threat.Jetten through its group membership, which indicates that members of the group will be more affirmed when the reputation of the group is damaged. Value, but not members of the group, may dismiss the purpose of the group. Recent studies have also found that individual differences affect the way people face social identity threats, which include individual differences in identity to specific groups. These studies fully demonstrate that individuals with different social identity intensity have a social identity. The response of the threat is inconsistent. Social identity will act as an antecedent variable on the impact of social identity threats. Liu Hua's study explored the impact of social identity threats on trust, but did not further examine the impact of social identity as a possible antecedent variable. Therefore, this study introduced the society. This new variable will be recognized as an attempt to further explore the impact of social identity threat on trust level.
On the basis of previous studies, this study sets up different identity threat scenarios to examine the impact of social identity threats on the level of trust. At the same time, we examine the role of social identity in the regulation between threats and trust. The results show that the level of trust in the internal group is significantly higher than that of the external group, whether or not it is threatened by social identity; the social identity threat significantly affects the level of trust of the subjects on the internal group, but has no significant influence on the level of trust of the external groups; the social identity is significantly adjusted. The impact of social identity threats on the level of trust.
In the study of the school group in the first part of the study, the study two used the border closed group to select the northerners and two southerners to further investigate the impact of the social identity threat on the level of trust. The level of trust of external group; social identity threat significantly affected the trust level of subjects; the moderating effect of social identity was not significant.
The results of experiment one and two show that, whether or not they are threatened by social identity, the level of trust in the group is significantly higher than that of the external group; the threat of social identity has a significant impact on the level of trust; in the group with open population boundaries, social identity regulates the level of social identity threats to the level of trust significantly. However, the moderating effect of social identity is not significant in group boundary closed groups.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C912.6

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