發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-24 07:46

  本文選題：抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期 + 大后方　； 參考：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期大后方地區(qū)的婦女參與的救濟(jì)事業(yè)為研究對(duì)象，運(yùn)用相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料，通過對(duì)國民政府時(shí)期的婦女組織機(jī)構(gòu)和婦女對(duì)抗戰(zhàn)所做的貢獻(xiàn)的考察，探討抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期大后方的婦女參與的救濟(jì)事業(yè)，以豐富人們對(duì)這個(gè)問題的全面認(rèn)識(shí)，并為當(dāng)今的婦女工作提供借鑒。 中華民族的抗日戰(zhàn)爭是涉及全民族的反侵略戰(zhàn)爭，各階層、各黨派、各民族都自覺或者不自覺的成為了抗日力量，在這場曠日持久的對(duì)日作戰(zhàn)，占人口半數(shù)的中國婦女也紛紛走出家庭，與政治發(fā)生了前所未有的緊密聯(lián)系。 國民政府時(shí)期的婦女領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)主要分為兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)：一個(gè)是中央婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì)與其在各省、縣的分會(huì)，二是新運(yùn)婦指會(huì)及其所屬的海外工作委員會(huì)，新運(yùn)婦指會(huì)利用婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì)在各省、縣分會(huì)組織開展工作。中共方面在長江局之下設(shè)婦女工作委員會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組織婦女工作，中國共產(chǎn)黨六屆六中全會(huì)決定撤銷長江局成立南方局，成立中共中央南方局婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì)。由于抗戰(zhàn)初期婦女團(tuán)體名目眾多，，缺乏共同的斗爭綱領(lǐng)、各團(tuán)體的婦女行動(dòng)分散，缺乏全國統(tǒng)一的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的婦女組織，因此在宋美齡的倡導(dǎo)之下召開了廬山談話會(huì)，廬山談話會(huì)促進(jìn)了國共在婦女界的統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，廬山談話會(huì)確立了婦女指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)為全國婦女界的最高指導(dǎo)機(jī)關(guān)。皖南事變之后，國民政府對(duì)進(jìn)步文化乃至文化界的壓制愈演愈烈。針對(duì)這個(gè)情況，在南方局領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的中蘇友好協(xié)會(huì)之下設(shè)立婦女委員會(huì)，中蘇文化協(xié)會(huì)取代婦指會(huì)成為婦女界統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的婦女組織。 抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期婦女們積極的參與抗戰(zhàn)，參軍參戰(zhàn)服務(wù)戰(zhàn)地；在國家財(cái)政困難的時(shí)候，掀起了節(jié)約獻(xiàn)金救國的高潮；婦女們縫制鞋塲，并在鞋塲內(nèi)附慰勞信，鼓勵(lì)前方將士奮勇殺敵，抗戰(zhàn)一日不停，捐獻(xiàn)與慰勞工作誓不中止；對(duì)難童的教養(yǎng)方式從以前的“養(yǎng)”到“養(yǎng)教合一”，注重鍛煉難童的獨(dú)立生活的能力。婦女救濟(jì)事業(yè)不僅為抗戰(zhàn)的勝利做出了重大的貢獻(xiàn)，還推動(dòng)了近代中國婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的進(jìn)步。
[Abstract]:This article takes the relief work of the women in the rear area during the Anti-Japanese War as the research object, applies the relevant literature, through the investigation of the women's organization and the women's contribution to the Anti-Japanese War in the period of the National Government. In order to enrich people's comprehensive understanding of this problem and to provide reference for women's work today, this paper probes into the relief work of women in the rear area during the Anti-Japanese War. The anti-Japanese war of the Chinese nation is a war of anti-aggression involving the whole nation. All strata, parties and ethnic groups have consciously or unconsciously become anti-Japanese forces, fighting against Japan for a long time. Chinese women, who make up half of the population, have also moved out of their families, with unprecedented ties to politics. During the period of the National Government, women's leading bodies were mainly divided into two systems: the Central Women's Movement Committee and its branches in the provinces and counties, and the New Women's Movement Committee and its overseas working Committee. The new women's movement refers to the use of women's movement committees in the provinces, county branch organizations to carry out work. The sixth Plenary session of the sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to abolish the establishment of the Southern Bureau of the Yangtze River Bureau and set up the Women's Movement Committee of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In the early years of the War of Resistance against Japan, women's groups had many names, they lacked a common struggle platform, the women's actions of various groups were scattered, and they lacked a unified national leadership of women's organizations. Therefore, at the initiative of Song Mei-ling, the Lushan talks were held. The Lushan Conference promoted the United front of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in women's circles, and established the Women's steering Committee as the highest guiding organ for women's circles in the whole country. After the Southern Anhui incident, the suppression of progressive culture and even cultural circles by the National Government intensified. In response to this situation, a women's committee was set up under the China-Soviet Friendship Association under the leadership of the South Bureau, and the Sino-Soviet Cultural Association replaced the Women's reference Association as a women's organization in the United front of women's circles. During the Anti-Japanese War, women took an active part in the War of Resistance, joined the army, and served the war; when the country was in financial difficulties, it set off a climax of saving money and saving the nation. Women sewed shoe yards and attached letters of consolation to the shoe courts, encouraging the soldiers in the front to fight the enemy courageously. During the War of Resistance against Japan, the donation and consolation work never stopped, and the rearing style of the difficult children changed from the former "raising" to "the unity of raising and teaching", focusing on training the ability of independent living of the difficult children. Women's relief not only made great contribution to the victory of Anti-Japanese War, but also promoted the progress of modern Chinese women's liberation movement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K265;C913.68

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 艾萍,王榮環(huán);抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期人口內(nèi)遷與后方社會(huì)意識(shí)的變動(dòng)[J];安慶師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年01期

2 董丁瑜;;1928-1937年北平婦女救濟(jì)研究[J];北京科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2008年02期

3 蔡勤禹;民國慈善團(tuán)體述論[J];檔案與史學(xué);2004年02期

4 蔡勤禹,李元峰;試論近代中國社會(huì)救濟(jì)思想[J];東方論壇(青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào));2002年05期

5 張明愛,蔡勤禹;民國時(shí)期政府救災(zāi)制度論析[J];東方論壇(青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào));2003年02期

6 楊慧;抗戰(zhàn)前期國統(tǒng)區(qū)婦女救亡團(tuán)體的歷史考察[J];西華師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年06期

7 ;戰(zhàn)時(shí)兒童保育會(huì)史料一組[J];民國檔案;1996年04期

8 夏蓉;宋美齡與抗戰(zhàn)初期廬山婦女談話會(huì)[J];民國檔案;2004年01期

9 楊純;;國統(tǒng)區(qū)婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)在抗日戰(zhàn)爭中的作用[J];傳承;2007年08期

10 王國紅;;抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期婦女動(dòng)員的歷史考察[J];廣西社會(huì)科學(xué);2006年12期

本文編號(hào)：1928265