本文選題：偶爾吸煙者 + 社會行為學(xué)　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究背景 早在20世紀(jì)80年代,科學(xué)研究就明確地顯示個(gè)人健康行為在早病和早死中扮演了主要角色。大量的科學(xué)研究從不同的角度證明了吸煙是肺癌、慢性呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、冠心病、腦卒中等多種疾病發(fā)生和死亡的重要危險(xiǎn)因素。1964年美國綜合6000多項(xiàng)衛(wèi)生研究證實(shí)：煙草有害健康。時(shí)至今日,煙草仍在肆意掠奪著人類的生命。吸煙不僅會對吸煙者自身造成傷害,同時(shí)生活在其周圍的龐大的人群還會受到“二手煙”的危害。由于煙草導(dǎo)致的種種健康危害,吸煙被WHO列為21世紀(jì)嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康的十大問題之一 目前國外對吸煙行為學(xué)研究較為廣泛,對吸煙人群的關(guān)注已經(jīng)從廣泛的吸煙者區(qū)分為偶爾吸煙者(Occasional Smoker)和經(jīng)常吸煙者(Daily Smoker),進(jìn)而分析各自不同的行為特征。 Saul Shiffman從90年代對偶爾吸煙者的社會行為模式進(jìn)行研究。重點(diǎn)關(guān)注其社會特征及行為動力學(xué)。發(fā)現(xiàn)其在社交場合、情緒等影響下吸煙行為發(fā)生較為常見；偶爾吸煙者似乎沒有尼古丁依賴現(xiàn)象,但是容易造成二手煙危害。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),目前美國的總體吸煙人數(shù)正在下降,而偶爾吸煙者人數(shù)卻逐步上升,其占吸煙者總數(shù)的比例呈增長趨勢。這種情況也很有可能在中國發(fā)生。 眾多的國際控?zé)熃?jīng)驗(yàn)證明,控?zé)熥詈脧牟晃鼰熑巳喝胧郑慌紶栁鼰熞矔䦟ξ鼰熣咴斐尚难軗p害；偶爾吸煙者五年內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻?jīng)常吸煙者的幾率為30%；偶爾吸煙者沉溺于酗酒的可能性比不吸煙者高16倍；而經(jīng)常吸煙者成癮比率高,戒煙及控?zé)熾y度相當(dāng)大。 國內(nèi)對吸煙人群的研究報(bào)告大體還停留在描述性流行病學(xué)研究階段,結(jié)合國際研究成果對中國的吸煙人群進(jìn)行分類研究,有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)在中國的社會、政治和文化背景下的吸煙人群行為特征,以制定針對性控?zé)煵呗?有效保護(hù)大眾健康,推進(jìn)中國控?zé)煿ぷ鞯拈_展。 研究目的： 結(jié)合國內(nèi)外理論基礎(chǔ),以“中國公共衛(wèi)生控?zé)煶珜?dǎo)行為項(xiàng)目”為平臺,通過分析中國城市居民的吸煙現(xiàn)狀,分析吸煙者中偶爾吸煙者的社會行為學(xué)模式特征,比較偶爾吸煙者和經(jīng)常吸煙者在吸煙誘導(dǎo)情境、煙癮、戒煙意向等各項(xiàng)因素上的差異,并針對偶爾吸煙者的行為特征,嘗試提出針對性的控?zé)煷胧┖徒錈熃ㄗh。 研究方法： 本次研究為橫斷面調(diào)查研究,抽樣方法采用多階段分層隨機(jī)抽樣方法。 首先,按照地理位置將所有項(xiàng)目單位所在城市分為華東、西北和西南三大區(qū)； 其次,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表將24個(gè)城市通過首字母順序排列后進(jìn)行編號,應(yīng)用隨機(jī)整群抽樣方法,抽取華東地區(qū)A市、西南地區(qū)B市、西北地區(qū)C市三座城市進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集,根據(jù)地理位置和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r分析,這三座城市具有一定的地域代表性；再次,在每座城市中隨機(jī)選擇兩個(gè)主城區(qū),在每個(gè)區(qū)隨機(jī)抽取兩個(gè)街道,每個(gè)街道隨機(jī)抽取兩個(gè)居民區(qū),每個(gè)居民區(qū)隨機(jī)抽取若干家庭； 最后,對居民區(qū)進(jìn)行入戶式家庭訪問調(diào)查,以成年居民作為調(diào)查對象,每個(gè)家庭調(diào)查一人,最終每個(gè)城市獲得800-1000份問卷。選取其中的吸煙居民進(jìn)入本次課題的研究。 本次研究對象限定在吸煙者群體,根據(jù)以往調(diào)查研究的數(shù)據(jù),中國城市人群吸煙率約為30-45%。我們的調(diào)查樣本總量約為2400份,預(yù)計(jì)回收后進(jìn)入我們研究的吸煙樣本在700份至1200份之間,足以滿足本次研究的需求。 問卷主要涵蓋的內(nèi)容有：吸煙人群的基本人口學(xué)特征、吸煙狀況、吸煙誘導(dǎo)情境、尼古丁成癮情況、戒煙行為和控?zé)熜麄髂Ｊ健?調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)用Epidata 3.0軟件雙軌錄入,再使用SPSS18.0 for Windows統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。分析方法包括描述性分析、單因素卡方檢驗(yàn)分析以及Logistic回歸分析。 研究結(jié)果： 本次調(diào)查得到的吸煙人數(shù)為965人,總體吸煙率為40.1%。以是否每天吸煙為區(qū)分條件,將吸煙者分為偶爾吸煙者和經(jīng)常吸煙者,比例分別為12.6%和27.5%。偶爾吸煙者與經(jīng)常吸煙者在教育程度、吸煙量、吸煙時(shí)間、吸煙場所、煙草獲得途徑、尼古丁成癮情況、戒煙意向、被動吸煙態(tài)度上的差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。男性吸煙者為904例,女性61例,女性吸煙者以偶爾吸煙者人數(shù)占多數(shù)。女性偶爾吸煙者煙齡相對較長,與男性偶爾吸煙者相比,其在煙草消費(fèi)行為、尼古丁成癮情況等方面的差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 研究結(jié)論： 偶爾吸煙者的社會行為學(xué)特征與經(jīng)常吸煙者存在明顯差別,影響其吸煙行為的因素較多。女性吸煙者以偶爾吸煙者居多。 偶爾吸煙者的社會行為學(xué)模式特征主要體現(xiàn)為：男性為主；社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位較低,煙草消費(fèi)行為較為保守,容易受價(jià)格因素影響；尼古丁成癮率低,具備一定的戒煙行為能力和戒煙行為意向；對他人誘導(dǎo)和環(huán)境影響敏感,有被動吸煙危害意識。 女性偶爾吸煙者的社會行為學(xué)模式特征主要體現(xiàn)為：煙齡較長；社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位較高,煙草消費(fèi)行為較為穩(wěn)定,不易受價(jià)格因素影響；尼古丁成癮率高,對環(huán)境影響不敏感。 在今后的控?zé)煶珜?dǎo)中應(yīng)該在繼續(xù)關(guān)注男性吸煙者之余,也應(yīng)該注意不忽略女性人群,從健康角度出發(fā)倡導(dǎo)控?zé)煛?br/>[Abstract]:Research background
As early as 1980s, scientific research clearly showed that personal health acts played a major role in early and early death. A large number of scientific studies have shown that smoking is an important risk factor for the occurrence and death of lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, and other diseases in the United States of.1964 6000. A number of health studies have confirmed that tobacco is harmful to health. Today, tobacco still plunders human life. Smoking not only causes harm to smokers, but also the huge population around them will be harmed by "second-hand smoke". Tobacco caused by species health hazards, smoking is listed as serious in the twenty-first Century by WHO. One of the ten major problems that threaten human health
At present, the study of smoking behavior is more extensive abroad. The attention to smoking population has been distinguished from a wide range of smokers to the occasional smoker (Occasional Smoker) and the regular smoker (Daily Smoker), and then analyze their different behavioral characteristics.
Saul Shiffman studies the social behavior patterns of occasional smokers in 90s. Focus on their social characteristics and behavior dynamics. It is found that smoking behavior is more common in social situations and emotions; occasionally smokers seem to have no nicotine dependence but are vulnerable to secondhand smoke. The total number of smokers in the former United States is declining, while the number of occasional smokers is increasing, and the proportion of smokers is increasing. This is also likely to occur in China.
A large number of international tobacco control experiences have proved that smoking control is the best for people who never smoke; occasionally smoking causes cardiovascular damage to smokers; occasionally smokers have a 30% chance of changing into regular smokers in five years; occasionally smokers are 16 times more likely to indulge in alcoholism than non smokers; and frequent smokers have a high addiction rate. Smoke and tobacco control are very difficult.
The domestic research report on smoking population remains at the stage of descriptive epidemiological study. The classification study of smokers in China combined with international research results will help to find out the behavior characteristics of smokers under the social, political and cultural background of China, in order to make targeted smoking control strategies and effectively protect the public health. Promote the work of tobacco control in China.
The purpose of the study is:
Based on the theoretical basis of China and foreign countries and taking the "China public health tobacco control initiative project" as a platform, this paper analyzes the status of smoking in Chinese urban residents, analyzes the characteristics of the social behavior pattern of occasional smokers in smokers, and compares the smoking induction situation, smoking addiction and smoking cessation intention of occasional smokers and frequent smokers. Based on the differences in smoking behavior and the behavior characteristics of the occasional smokers, it is necessary to propose specific tobacco control measures and smoking cessation suggestions.
Research methods:
This study is a cross-sectional study. The sampling method is multi-stage stratified random sampling.
First, according to the geographical location, the cities of all the project units are divided into three parts: East China, northwest and southwest.
Secondly, according to the random number table, the 24 cities are numbered after the first alphabetical order, and the random cluster sampling is used to collect the data from A city in East China, B city in Southwest China, and the city of C in Northwest China. According to the geographical location and economic development, the three cities have a certain regional representation. At the same time, two main urban areas were randomly selected in each city, two streets were randomly selected in each district, two residential areas were randomly selected from each street, and each residential area was randomly selected.
Finally, a household survey was conducted in the residential area. Adult residents were investigated as subjects, each family investigated one person, and finally 800-1000 questionnaires were obtained in each city.
The study was limited to smokers. According to data from previous studies, the total number of smokers in China's urban population was about 30-45%., with a total of about 2400 samples, which were expected to meet the needs of the study from 700 to 1200.
The main contents of the questionnaire include the basic demographic characteristics of smokers, smoking status, smoking induction situation, nicotine addiction, smoking cessation behavior and smoking control mode.
The survey data were recorded with Epidata 3 software double track, and then SPSS18.0 for Windows statistical software was used to analyze the data. The analysis methods included descriptive analysis, single factor chi square test analysis and Logistic regression analysis.
The results of the study:
The total number of smokers in this survey was 965, the overall smoking rate was 40.1%. or not, the smoking was divided into an occasional smoker and a regular smoker. The proportion of smokers and regular smokers was 12.6% and 27.5%., the degree of education, the amount of smoking, the time of smoking, the place of smoking, the way of tobacco, the nicotine. The difference in the habit of addiction, smoking cessation and passive smoking has statistical significance (P0.05). There are 904 male smokers, 61 women, and female smokers with the occasional smoker. The female smokers have a relatively long smoking age, and the tobacco consumption behavior, nicotine addiction, and so on, are compared with the male smokers. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05).
The conclusions are as follows:
The social behavioural characteristics of occasional smokers are significantly different from those of smokers, and there are many factors affecting their smoking behavior. Female smokers are mostly smokers.
The characteristics of social behaviourology of occasional smokers are mainly as follows: men are mainly male; socioeconomic status is low, tobacco consumption behavior is more conservative, easy to be influenced by price factors; nicotine addiction rate is low, has certain ability of smoking cessation and smoking cessation behavior intention; it is sensitive to his human induced and environmental impact, and has passive smoking risk. Harm consciousness.
The characteristics of social behavior model of female smokers are mainly as follows: Tobacco age is longer, socioeconomic status is higher, tobacco consumption behavior is more stable, and price factors are not easily affected; nicotine addiction rate is high, it is insensitive to environmental impact.
In the future tobacco control advocacy, we should continue to pay attention to the male smokers, and we should also pay attention to ignoring the female population and advocating tobacco control from the perspective of health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C912.6

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李柏;;社交性吸煙問題也很多[J];健康管理;2011年08期

2 小新鮮;; 節(jié)食少女易吸煙[J];黃金時(shí)代(男仔女仔);2002年04期

3 鄭學(xué)麗;;“吸煙”折射出的大學(xué)生的心理問題的思考[J];品牌(理論月刊);2011年04期

4 王鋼;張大均;;吸煙者對香煙相關(guān)線索注意偏向的研究述評[J];心理發(fā)展與教育;2011年05期

5 更明;;當(dāng)監(jiān)管與慣犯私奔——屢下禁煙令 誰都傷不起[J];北京紀(jì)事;2011年09期

6 戒律;;全球反煙,從無先例的商品特例[J];黃金時(shí)代;2011年02期

7 孫果;;西安市中學(xué)生應(yīng)對方式對嘗試吸煙行為的影響[J];中國學(xué)校衛(wèi)生;2011年08期

8 司祖銘;馬五一;張小惠;李小鳳;孫德興;張衡中;達(dá)春和;;某有色金屬企業(yè)接塵工人肺功能和胸片檢查結(jié)果分析[J];中國職業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué);2011年04期

9 任吾;;激光的新用途[J];黃金時(shí)代;2002年06期

10 張振旭;;我只是一位聽眾[J];幸福(悅讀);2011年07期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 李傳杰;;關(guān)于針刺戒煙(綜述)[A];全國冠心病防治及對策研討會論文集[C];1987年

2 范國華;王立新;包海琴;;年青吸煙者心電圖P波改變的觀察[A];第四屆全國心功能學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文摘要集[C];1994年

3 王真;;吸煙與呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病[A];浙江省中西醫(yī)結(jié)合呼吸病診治進(jìn)展暨第六次學(xué)術(shù)年會論文匯編[C];2008年

4 徐哲懿;;中國/WHO控?zé)熌芰ㄔO(shè)合作項(xiàng)目(社區(qū)控?zé)熥禹?xiàng)目)上海地區(qū)一年效果評估[A];第12屆全國吸煙與健康學(xué)術(shù)研討會暨第二屆煙草控制框架公約論壇論文集[C];2005年

5 徐翠蓮;;從吸煙致癌性探討談當(dāng)代婦女環(huán)保意識和自我保護(hù)意識[A];婦女·環(huán)境·健康——婦女與環(huán)境研討會論文集[C];2000年

6 魏玉麗;王巧蘇;;吸煙者喉癌術(shù)后分泌物護(hù)理[A];全國五官科護(hù)理學(xué)術(shù)交流暨專題講座會議論文匯編[C];2007年

7 邵方淳;應(yīng)可凈;;吸煙分子與損傷與肺癌的關(guān)系[A];2005年浙江省呼吸系病學(xué)術(shù)年會論文匯編[C];2005年

8 張文眾;張曉鵬;賈旭東;黃光偉;劉兆平;宋雁;劉澤嵌;崔文明;張馨;王偉;李寧;;美國大杏仁對吸煙導(dǎo)致DNA氧化損傷的保護(hù)作用研究[A];第四屆第二次中國毒理學(xué)會食品毒理專業(yè)委員會學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2006年

9 焦志云;李澄;馬占龍;陳文娟;;128層螺旋CT分析COPD患者、健康吸煙者和非吸煙者氣道壁厚度與肺功能的相關(guān)性[A];中華醫(yī)學(xué)會第16次全國放射學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)大會論文匯編[C];2009年

10 劉超武;俞紅霞;張曉巖;蘇楠;林江濤;;肺功能正常重度吸煙者肺部振動反應(yīng)成像圖像特征初探[A];中華醫(yī)學(xué)會第七屆全國哮喘學(xué)術(shù)會議暨中國哮喘聯(lián)盟第三次大會論文匯編[C];2010年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前10條

1 明月;吸煙者更易打鼾[N];民族醫(yī)藥報(bào);2004年

2 劉霞;吸煙者患肺癌幾率可以預(yù)測[N];科技日報(bào);2009年

3 ;有種新辦法,能測吸煙者罹患肺癌幾率[N];新華每日電訊;2009年

4 記者 馬波;女性吸煙者對煙草危害認(rèn)識不足[N];科技日報(bào);2010年

5 曹陽 記者 邸蘭英;30-60歲的吸煙者所占比率最低[N];牡丹江日報(bào);2010年

6 黃哲雯;“重罰”吸煙者的效力幾何[N];工人日報(bào);2009年

7 記者 張雅詩;香港吸煙者大幅減少[N];人民日報(bào)海外版;2011年

8 霍爾;吸煙者平常要吃什么[N];信息時(shí)報(bào);2000年

9 特約記者 程守勤;戒煙 需要吸煙者主動參與[N];家庭醫(yī)生報(bào);2010年

10 李玉喜(職員);醫(yī)院該不該設(shè)立吸煙區(qū)[N];健康報(bào);2010年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 劉超武;常規(guī)肺功能正常的重度吸煙者振動反應(yīng)成像圖像特征研究[D];北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院;2011年

2 廖艷輝;氯胺酮依賴者和吸煙者的腦結(jié)構(gòu)和功能磁共振研究[D];中南大學(xué);2010年

3 柴靈鶯;成年男性吸煙者的噪音變化及空氣動力學(xué)分析[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2010年

4 朱保平;北京市學(xué)生吸煙的行為流行病學(xué)研究[D];中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué);1990年

5 鄭頻頻;上海市社區(qū)控?zé)煾深A(yù)研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2005年

6 徐斐;慢性阻塞性肺病的流行病學(xué)研究[D];南京醫(yī)科大學(xué);2008年

7 肖琴;安徽省醫(yī)學(xué)生兒童期不良經(jīng)歷與相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行為的關(guān)聯(lián)研究[D];安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué);2008年

8 趙丹;環(huán)氧化酶-2遺傳變異和吸煙交互作用與胰腺癌—核仁磷酸蛋白的作用[D];中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué);2009年

9 楊士芳;DNA加合物及其相關(guān)修復(fù)酶基因多態(tài)性在COPD發(fā)病中的研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2009年

10 蔣瑩;吸煙與程序性細(xì)胞死亡因子4（PDCD4）及原發(fā)性肝癌相關(guān)性的研究[D];山東大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 趙勤;偶爾吸煙者社會行為學(xué)模式研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2011年

2 刁玉荃;吸煙對急性冠脈綜合征及健康人群中CRP和IL-6水平的影響[D];青島大學(xué);2006年

3 楊麗芬;C反應(yīng)蛋白與慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期關(guān)系研究[D];昆明醫(yī)學(xué)院;2007年

4 王銳英;吸煙對致敏大鼠肺組織基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶9及其抑制劑1表達(dá)的影響[D];山西醫(yī)科大學(xué);2008年

5 郭寧曉;廣州市成年吸煙者吸煙知識態(tài)度行為前瞻性研究[D];中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心;2009年

6 王偉;廣西防城地區(qū)2021例漢族男子吸煙與睪酮水平的關(guān)系的研究[D];廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué);2011年

7 王青;昆明部分工廠男性吸煙者吸煙現(xiàn)狀及影響因素的初步分析[D];昆明醫(yī)學(xué)院;2008年

8 劉麗云;大學(xué)生認(rèn)知方式與吸煙態(tài)度的關(guān)系研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué);2009年

9 王愛芹;血漿內(nèi)皮素、一氧化氮水平與牙周炎相關(guān)性的研究[D];山東大學(xué);2009年

10 孫曉菲;吸煙及戒煙對糖尿病大鼠糖脂代謝及氧化應(yīng)激影響的研究[D];廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號：1906222