本文選題：環(huán)境 + 努力��； 參考：《經(jīng)濟(jì)研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：本文致力于檢驗(yàn)當(dāng)全體居民的努力提高之后,由外部環(huán)境差異導(dǎo)致的收入分配機(jī)會不平等能否顯著降低,從而回答"努力能否改變命運(yùn)"的問題。具體而言,本文將CGSS樣本按出生年代劃分為"50后"、"60后"、"70后"和"80后"四個群體,采用基于隨機(jī)參數(shù)Logit模型的傾向得分匹配方法(PSM),構(gòu)造所有個體均付出最高努力時的"反事實(shí)"收入分布,測算并比較實(shí)際收入分布和"反事實(shí)"收入分布的機(jī)會不平等指數(shù),從而檢驗(yàn)努力提高能否改善收入分配的機(jī)會不平等程度。結(jié)果顯示,四個出生年代居民的收入分配機(jī)會不平等占比達(dá)到35%-43%;當(dāng)所有個體的努力達(dá)到最高程度時,"50后"居民的收入分配機(jī)會不平等僅降低4.98%,"60后"和"70后"居民機(jī)會不平等的降幅高達(dá)50%左右,而"80后"居民機(jī)會不平等則降低22%;優(yōu)勢和劣勢環(huán)境群體因努力程度提高而實(shí)現(xiàn)的收入增長幅度不同,是不同出生年代機(jī)會不平等指數(shù)降幅存在明顯差異的原因。本文認(rèn)為,政府應(yīng)致力于弱化外部環(huán)境的影響,提高努力的回報(bào),對因外部環(huán)境不利而陷入貧困的居民進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)救助,為弱勢群體通過努力改變命運(yùn)創(chuàng)建足夠的平臺和暢通的渠道。
[Abstract]:This paper tries to test whether the inequality of income distribution opportunities caused by the difference of external environment can be significantly reduced after the efforts of the whole population are raised, thus answering the question of "whether efforts can change fate". Specifically, according to birth age, CGSS samples were divided into four groups: "after 50", "after 60", "after 70" and "after 80". The tendency score matching method based on stochastic parameter Logit model is used to construct the "counterfactual" income distribution when all individuals make the highest effort, and to calculate and compare the opportunity inequality index between the actual income distribution and the "counterfactual" income distribution. This tests the degree of inequality of opportunities that can be improved by efforts to improve income distribution. The results show that The share of inequality in income distribution opportunities of residents in the four birthdays was 35-433.When the efforts of all individuals reached the highest level, the inequality of income distribution opportunities of the "post-50" residents only decreased by 4.98%, and that of the "post-60" and "post-70" residents was only reduced by 4.98%, and that of the "post-60s" and "post-70s" residents was reduced by only 4.98%. The decline was as high as 50%. The inequality of opportunity of the "post-80s" residents is reduced by 22%, and the difference of income growth rate between the superior and inferior groups due to the improvement of the degree of effort is the reason for the obvious difference in the decline of the inequality index of opportunity in different birth years. This paper argues that the government should make efforts to weaken the impact of the external environment, increase the return of efforts, and give priority relief to the residents who have fallen into poverty because of the adverse external environment. Create sufficient platforms and open channels for vulnerable groups to work to change their destiny.
【作者單位】： 武漢大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家社科基金重大項(xiàng)目(15ZDB158) 國家自科基金面上項(xiàng)目(71573194);國家自科基金青年項(xiàng)目(71203167)的資助
【分類號】：C913

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