本文選題：少年司法 + 未成年人刑事司法　； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：本文由引言、正文和結(jié)論三部分構(gòu)成。 引言部分通過論述未成年人刑事司法研究的重要性、當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)中存在的兩種極端化研究范式、我國未成年人刑事司法制度中存在的缺陷、未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則具有重大研究價(jià)值而相關(guān)研究又存在嚴(yán)重不足,說明了本文研究的重要意義。未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則研究應(yīng)采用“刑事一體化”研究范式,綜合運(yùn)用多種研究方法。 正文部分分為5章： 第1章“刑事與福利之間：‘少年司法’的困境及其出路”。指出“少年司法”研究中一些主要術(shù)語的使用較為混亂,界定了這些術(shù)語的內(nèi)涵,厘清了他們之間的關(guān)系,主張將未成年刑事司法適用對(duì)象主要稱之為“未成年人”,將其所調(diào)整行為范疇主要稱之為“嚴(yán)重不良行為”和“犯罪行為”,將調(diào)整未成年人這兩種行為范疇的法律制度稱之為“未成年人刑事司法制度”。國家親權(quán)理論一直被奉為少年司法的基本理論,雖然它為少年司法的發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn),但是它在邏輯上和實(shí)踐中存在著維護(hù)未成年人權(quán)益和侵犯未成年人權(quán)益的悖論,應(yīng)根據(jù)有關(guān)國際準(zhǔn)則對(duì)其進(jìn)行改造。通過對(duì)典型國家少年司法制度的考察,指出各國的少年司法制度向來都是多元的,不存在絕對(duì)福利或刑事模式的狀況,出現(xiàn)少年司法模式之爭的根源在于將未成年人的本不同質(zhì)的問題同質(zhì)化。無論在邏輯上還是根據(jù)有關(guān)國際準(zhǔn)則,都應(yīng)將未成年人嚴(yán)重不良行為和犯罪作為一個(gè)范疇來看待。 第2章“未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則的架構(gòu)與法理”。二戰(zhàn)前,歷次國際刑罰及監(jiān)獄會(huì)議所通過的有關(guān)未成年人違法犯罪問題的決議是未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則的肇始,它雖然存在不足和局限,但是為二戰(zhàn)后未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則的形成奠定了歷史性的基礎(chǔ)。二戰(zhàn)后未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則得到迅速發(fā)展,并最終形成,它由國際公約、聯(lián)合國大會(huì)批準(zhǔn)的法律文件以及聯(lián)合國的有關(guān)組織和國際學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體通過的決議組成,其內(nèi)容豐富而繁雜,具有四大特征。蘊(yùn)藏其中的理論主要是刑罰個(gè)別化理論和兒童權(quán)利論。 第3章“未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則中的基本原則”。歸納分析了未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則中所包含的原則：處遇個(gè)別化原則、非刑化原則、教育原則、平等原則、保障未成年人訴訟權(quán)利原、專門化原則、共同參與原則等,其中對(duì)前兩個(gè)原則作了重點(diǎn)論述。 第4章“未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則中的重要實(shí)體制度”和第5章“未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則中的重要程序制度”。根據(jù)未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則中的重要而又特殊的規(guī)則、當(dāng)前我國未成年人刑事司法中存在的缺陷,分別重點(diǎn)探討了其中的八個(gè)重要實(shí)體和程序制度：未成年人刑事責(zé)任年齡制度、保護(hù)處分制度、社區(qū)矯正制度、未成年人前科消滅制度、合適成年人參與制度、社會(huì)調(diào)查制度、轉(zhuǎn)處制度、未成年人恢復(fù)性司法制度等,指出了我國在這些制度方面的缺陷,并提出了相應(yīng)的建構(gòu)或完善建議。 結(jié)論部分總結(jié)了關(guān)于未成年人刑事司法的五大基本結(jié)論：它應(yīng)將嚴(yán)重不良行為和犯罪行為一體化、是保護(hù)與懲罰的一體化、是社會(huì)和司法的一體化、應(yīng)具有多元性。我國應(yīng)該以未成年人刑事司法國際準(zhǔn)則為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),結(jié)合我國的具體國情,制定專門的《未成年人刑事司法法》,以更好地維護(hù)違法犯罪未成年人的權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
In the introduction, the importance of the criminal judicial study of minors, the two extreme research paradigms in the current academic study, the defects in the criminal justice system of minors in China, the international standards for juvenile criminal justice have great research value and there are serious deficiencies in the study, which illustrates the importance of this study. The research on the international norms of juvenile criminal justice should adopt the paradigm of "criminal integration", and make comprehensive use of various research methods.
The text part is divided into 5 chapters.
The first chapter "between criminal and welfare:" the dilemma and the way out of juvenile justice ". It points out that the use of some of the main terms in the study of" juvenile justice "is more confused, defines the meaning of these terms, clarifies the relationship between them, and advocates that the subject of juvenile justice is mainly referred to as" minors ". The category of adjustment is called "serious bad behavior" and "criminal act". The legal system of adjusting the two categories of minors is called "juvenile criminal justice system". The theory of national parental rights has been regarded as the basic theory of juvenile justice, although it has made great contributions to the development of juvenile justice, However, it exists in logic and practice the paradox of safeguarding the rights and interests of minors and violating the rights and interests of minors. It should be reformed according to the relevant international standards. Through the investigation of the juvenile justice system in typical countries, it is pointed out that the juvenile justice system in various countries has always been pluralistic, and there is no state of absolute welfare or criminal pattern. The root of the dispute over the juvenile justice model lies in the homogenization of the unequal problems of the minors. Both in logic and in accordance with the relevant international norms, the serious bad behavior and crime of minors should be considered as a category.
The second chapter "the framework and jurisprudence of the international norms of juvenile criminal justice". Before World War II, the resolutions on juvenile delinquency passed by the international penal and prison conferences were the beginning of the international norms of juvenile criminal justice. Although there were shortcomings and limitations, it was the international standard of criminal justice for minors after World War II. The formation of the rule laid a historical basis. After World War II, the international standards for criminal justice of minors were rapidly developed and formed. It was composed of international conventions, legal documents approved by the general assembly of the United Nations and resolutions adopted by the relevant organizations of the United Nations and international academic organizations. The contents are rich and complex and have four major features. The main theories are individualization of punishment and the theory of children's rights.
The third chapter, "the basic principles in the international norms of juvenile criminal justice", summarizes and analyzes the principles contained in the international norms of Juvenile Criminal Justice: the principle of individualization, the principle of incriminalization, the principle of education, the principle of equality, the protection of the rights of the minors, the principle of specialization and the principle of common participation, including the first two The principles are focused on.
The fourth chapter "the important entity system in the international norms of juvenile criminal justice" and the fifth chapter "the important procedural system in the international norms of juvenile criminal justice". According to the important and special rules in the international norms of juvenile criminal justice, the shortcomings of the juvenile criminal justice in our country are discussed, respectively. There are eight important entities and procedures: the age system of juvenile criminal responsibility, the system of protection and punishment, the system of community correction, the abolition system of the minor, the appropriate adult participation system, the social investigation system, the transfer system, the juvenile restorative justice system and so on, which point out the defects in these systems in our country, And put forward the corresponding construction or perfect suggestion.
The conclusion summarizes the five basic conclusions about the criminal justice of minors. It should integrate serious bad behavior and criminal behavior. It is the integration of protection and punishment. It is the integration of society and judicature. It should be pluralistic. China should take the international standards of juvenile criminal justice as the standard and combine the specific national conditions of our country. A special "juvenile criminal justice law" should be formulated to better safeguard the rights and interests of juvenile delinquency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D997.9;C913.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 陳鐵楠;兒童權(quán)利保護(hù)法理問題研究[D];遼寧師范大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1804880