農(nóng)民工的社會(huì)融合研究:現(xiàn)狀、影響因素與后果
本文選題:農(nóng)民工 切入點(diǎn):社會(huì)融合 出處:《西安交通大學(xué)》2011年博士論文
【摘要】:農(nóng)民工在中國(guó)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中發(fā)揮著重要作用,但他們?nèi)允浅鞘猩鐣?huì)的邊緣人群和弱勢(shì)群體,還遠(yuǎn)未能融合到城市主流社會(huì)。同時(shí),農(nóng)民工正在經(jīng)歷著從老一代向新生代的轉(zhuǎn)換,新生代農(nóng)民工的行為和態(tài)度的變化增加了農(nóng)民工城市社會(huì)融合問(wèn)題解決的緊迫性。隨著中國(guó)城市化和工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的加快,農(nóng)民工的社會(huì)融合問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)公共管理領(lǐng)域中極具挑戰(zhàn)性的重大研究問(wèn)題,也是中國(guó)改善民生、建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)過(guò)程中亟待解決的問(wèn)題。論文利用2009年X市農(nóng)民工調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),以農(nóng)民工社會(huì)融合的概念建構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ),系統(tǒng)地對(duì)農(nóng)民工社會(huì)融合的現(xiàn)狀、影響因素和后果進(jìn)行了分析:論文揭示了農(nóng)民工社會(huì)融合的現(xiàn)狀,,引進(jìn)農(nóng)民工-市民網(wǎng)絡(luò)視角探討了農(nóng)民工-市民網(wǎng)絡(luò)與農(nóng)民工的社會(huì)融合的關(guān)系,并對(duì)社會(huì)融合與農(nóng)民工的心理健康和發(fā)展意愿之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了深入研究。 論文的創(chuàng)新之處主要體現(xiàn)在以下4個(gè)方面: 第一,論文對(duì)農(nóng)民工社會(huì)融合的概念進(jìn)行了重新建構(gòu),多層面、多維度地揭示了農(nóng)民工社會(huì)融合的現(xiàn)狀。現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)存在定義不清楚、不嚴(yán)格,維度不明確,各維度的方向性不明朗等問(wèn)題。論文將社會(huì)融合定義為“農(nóng)民工和城市市民之間在文化、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和心理等方面的差異的消減”。社會(huì)融合包括文化融合、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)融合和心理融合等三個(gè)維度,其中文化融合和心理融合具有雙向性,而社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)融合則是方向無(wú)涉的。新建構(gòu)的概念將市民納入研究視野,為融合狀態(tài)的評(píng)估提供了標(biāo)尺,有助于對(duì)農(nóng)民工社會(huì)融合現(xiàn)狀的準(zhǔn)確理解。論文發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民工文化融合的首選策略是融合策略,心理融合以融合型和融入型為主,制度障礙是導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民工社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位低下的重要因素。 第二,農(nóng)民工-市民網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)農(nóng)民工的社會(huì)融合具有顯著的正向作用,F(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)農(nóng)民工社會(huì)融合的作用,但對(duì)超越了親緣和地緣關(guān)系的農(nóng)民工-市民網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)社會(huì)融合的作用還少有關(guān)注。論文發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民工-市民網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)農(nóng)民工的文化融合和心理融合均有顯著的正向影響。但由于制度因素的限制,農(nóng)民工-市民網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)融合的影響比較有限:僅有利于職業(yè)階層的向上流動(dòng),而對(duì)收入和房產(chǎn)擁有的影響不顯著。市民角度的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民工-市民網(wǎng)絡(luò)顯著地縮減了市民對(duì)農(nóng)民工群體的社會(huì)距離。農(nóng)民工-市民網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅可以促進(jìn)農(nóng)民工融入城市社會(huì),也有利于市民對(duì)農(nóng)民工的認(rèn)可和接納,說(shuō)明農(nóng)民工-市民網(wǎng)絡(luò)是理解農(nóng)民工社會(huì)融合模式和路徑的重要視角。 第三,社會(huì)融合對(duì)農(nóng)民工的心理健康具有顯著影響。關(guān)于移民的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)融合與心理健康之間關(guān)系的研究已不鮮見(jiàn),但現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)忽略了文化融合和心理融合對(duì)農(nóng)民工的心理健康的影響。論文發(fā)現(xiàn)文化融合對(duì)農(nóng)民工的心理健康狀況具有顯著影響:越傾向于保持自己家鄉(xiāng)文化的、現(xiàn)代性水平越低的和掌握了當(dāng)?shù)胤窖缘霓r(nóng)民工的生活滿意度越高;現(xiàn)代性越高的農(nóng)民工的抑郁程度越低。心理融合對(duì)心理健康具有促進(jìn)作用:城市歸屬感越高,農(nóng)民工與市民之間的社會(huì)距離越小,農(nóng)民工的生活滿意度越高,抑郁水平越低。論文還發(fā)現(xiàn)文化融合策略和心理融合的類(lèi)型與農(nóng)民工心理健康水平顯著相關(guān),說(shuō)明文化融合和心理融合的雙向模型對(duì)農(nóng)民工的心理健康有一定的預(yù)測(cè)能力。 第四,文化融合和心理融合對(duì)老一代和新生代農(nóng)民工的發(fā)展意愿均有顯著影響。關(guān)于社會(huì)融合與農(nóng)民工的未來(lái)發(fā)展選擇的關(guān)系的探討多局限于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)融合方面,缺乏對(duì)社會(huì)融合與農(nóng)民工發(fā)展意愿之間關(guān)系的系統(tǒng)、全面和準(zhǔn)確的認(rèn)識(shí)。盡管社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)融合對(duì)農(nóng)民工的發(fā)展意愿具有最重要的、最具決定性的影響,但文化融合和心理融合對(duì)兩代農(nóng)民工的發(fā)展意愿的影響同樣重要且?guī)缀醪淮嬖诖H差異。家鄉(xiāng)文化保持和城市歸屬感都是預(yù)測(cè)農(nóng)民工發(fā)展意愿的重要因素:家鄉(xiāng)文化保持得分越高的農(nóng)民工越傾向于返鄉(xiāng)務(wù)農(nóng),次優(yōu)選擇為返鄉(xiāng)非農(nóng)就業(yè);城市歸屬感越強(qiáng)的農(nóng)民工越傾向于選擇留城發(fā)展,次優(yōu)選擇為返鄉(xiāng)非農(nóng)就業(yè)。這說(shuō)明農(nóng)民工選擇留城或返鄉(xiāng)不僅受到他們的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的影響,文化融合和心理融合也是他們的重要考量因素。 最后,根據(jù)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),論文給出一些旨在促進(jìn)農(nóng)民工社會(huì)融合的政策啟示。
[Abstract]:The peasant workers play an important role in China ' s social and economic construction , but they are still the marginalized and disadvantaged groups of the urban society . They are still far from merging into the urban mainstream society . As the urbanization and industrialization process of the migrant workers are accelerated , the social integration of migrant workers has become a very challenging problem in China ' s public administration .
The innovation of the thesis is mainly reflected in the following four aspects :
First , the paper reconfigures the concept of social integration of migrant workers , and reveals the present situation of social integration of migrant workers . The social integration is defined as " the decline of cultural , socio - economic and psychological differences among migrant workers and urban citizens " . Social integration includes cultural integration , social economic integration and psychological fusion .
Second , the peasant worker - citizen network has a positive effect on the social integration of migrant workers .
Third , social integration has a significant impact on the psychological health of migrant workers . The research on the relationship between social economic integration and mental health of migrant workers is not uncommon , but the existing literature ignores the influence of cultural integration and psychological fusion on the mental health of migrant workers .
The lower the degree of depression , the lower the degree of depression of migrant workers with higher modernity . The higher the social distance between migrant workers and the public , the higher the social distance between the migrant workers and the public , the higher the life satisfaction of the migrant workers , the lower the level of depression .
Fourth , cultural integration and psychological fusion have significant influence on the development intentions of the old generation and the new generation migrant workers . The study on the relationship between social integration and the future development of migrant workers is limited to the social and economic integration , and lacks the systematic , comprehensive and accurate understanding of the relationship between social integration and the willingness of migrant workers to develop .
The more migrant workers tend to choose to stay in the city and the second is to return to non - agricultural employment . This suggests that migrant workers choose to stay or return home , not only by their socio - economic conditions , cultural integration and psychological fusion , but also their important considerations .
Finally , according to the research findings , the paper gives some policy inspiration to promote the social integration of migrant workers .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西安交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:D412.6;C912.6
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