本文選題：公共性　切入點：個性　出處：《中共中央黨校》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：思想理論反映客觀現(xiàn)實,公共性理論研究的興起也正是人的公共性危機這一客觀現(xiàn)實的反映。如今市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展不僅帶來了物質(zhì)財富的日益豐富,也帶來了消費主義的彌漫。逐漸地,人際交往演化為一種基于利益交換的工具性交往,人情關(guān)系更是被泛化為一種世俗的資源,作為類的存在,人們卻過分關(guān)注和追求物質(zhì)利益的攫取所帶來的快樂,忽視和他者的關(guān)系性存在本身所能帶給自己的幸福感。因此,一種無根的焦慮感和心靈的漂泊感籠罩著現(xiàn)代人的心靈。這反映了人們內(nèi)在歸屬感的虛弱,從根本上講,是人的公共性的缺失�；诖松鐣F(xiàn)實,論文通過借鑒國內(nèi)外不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于公共性的研究成果,以辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義為指導(dǎo)思想,去解讀人的公共性。本文的話語體系是馬克思主義哲學(xué)理論體系。馬克思主義哲學(xué)文本中包含著豐富的公共性思想。這不僅體現(xiàn)在馬克思主義哲學(xué)話語體系中有多個以“公共”作為前綴的概念,如“公共利益”、“公共交往”,也體現(xiàn)在唯物史觀對人類實踐活動的理解上:人類歷史的第一個基本的實踐是處理人與自然界之間的關(guān)系的實踐即物質(zhì)資料的生產(chǎn)實踐,但是個體是有限的,所以當(dāng)有限的個體無力實現(xiàn)自己的多方面需要時,人們就借助群體的、他人的力量,以共同體的形式和自然相抗?fàn)�。這里集中體現(xiàn)著馬克思主義哲學(xué)包含的公共性精神。因此,馬克思主義哲學(xué)中的公共性思想和公共性精神為我們對公共性進(jìn)行研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)、指明了方向;同時,因其沒有對公共性概念進(jìn)行過規(guī)范的界定,也未形成系統(tǒng)的關(guān)于人的公共性的理論體系,因此在馬克思主義哲學(xué)話語體系中依舊存在著公共性研究的廣闊空間。本文首先就人的公共性概念進(jìn)行了思考和剖析。人的公共性是一個以公眾的個人獨立自由為基礎(chǔ)、進(jìn)行公開表達(dá)和參與公共事務(wù)的社會歷史現(xiàn)象。它是人們作為類的存在所應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)的一種生存狀態(tài),這種狀態(tài)要高于人們一般意義上的社會性;它是社會歷史發(fā)展到進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代社會后,人們所應(yīng)具備的現(xiàn)代品質(zhì);它還是一種理想,它的成熟與完善既與人的個性實現(xiàn)相符合,也與未來社會人的自由全面發(fā)展相契合。在概念剖析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文從歷史發(fā)展維度梳理了公共性的歷史樣態(tài)。公共性是一個社會歷史概念,有其自身產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、成熟的歷史,在不同的發(fā)展階段有著不同的歷史形態(tài)。在前資本主義社會,倫理層面的公共精神是人的公共性在當(dāng)時的主要體現(xiàn),可以看作是人的公共性的萌芽;現(xiàn)代意義上的公共性的形成是在現(xiàn)代社會,其確立在很大程度上得益于現(xiàn)代國家政權(quán)、社會團(tuán)體和現(xiàn)代傳媒的發(fā)展;隨著社會歷史的發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn),人的公共性的發(fā)展將與人的現(xiàn)代性的發(fā)展相互增益,自由人聯(lián)合體將逐漸成為人類的生存樣態(tài)和組織方式,人的公共性將最終實現(xiàn)成熟與完善。在對人的公共性概念進(jìn)行解讀和對其歷史發(fā)展形態(tài)進(jìn)行梳理之后,本文進(jìn)一步就人的公共性所具有的特點和類型展開論述。人的公共性具有共有性、公開性、公平性這三個顯著特點;以性質(zhì)、層次、狀態(tài)、價值評價作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),人的公共性有著紛繁多樣的類型。但盡管存在這些不同的類型與特征,人的公共性仍有統(tǒng)一的集中體現(xiàn)。這種集中體現(xiàn)一方面是共同的關(guān)注點、共同的活動域,另一方面是活力與秩序的和諧統(tǒng)一。最后,在理論分析的前提下,在唯物史觀的思想指導(dǎo)下,本文立足于社會現(xiàn)實尤其是當(dāng)今中國的社會現(xiàn)實,直面公共性的缺失這一社會問題,深入分析公共性危機的社會根源,在此基礎(chǔ)上探索得出公共性培育的路徑。即,必須抓住公共利益這一根本點以及協(xié)商民主這一關(guān)鍵,以道德建設(shè)和制度改革分別作為思想引導(dǎo)和制度保證,有意識地培育和建設(shè)人的公共性,使公共性建設(shè)朝著自由人聯(lián)合體這一方向順利進(jìn)行,努力實現(xiàn)人的自由全面發(fā)展,也更好地推進(jìn)當(dāng)代中國的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:The ideological and theoretical reflection of objective reality, the rise of the public theory research is also the public crisis of the objective reality. Now the rapid development of the market economy has not only brought the growing wealth of material wealth, but also brought consumerism diffuse. Gradually evolved into a kind of interpersonal relationship based on interests exchange tool communication, human relations are the generalization for a secular resource, as a class, people have too much attention and brought to grab the pursuit of material interests and neglect others happiness, existence itself can bring their own happiness. Therefore, a rootless anxiety and heart the feeling of drifting over the soul of modern people. It reflects the inherent weakness of the sense of belonging, fundamentally speaking, is the lack of publicity. This thesis is based on the social reality, through different disciplines at home and abroad On the public nature of the existing research results, based on dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the guiding ideology, the public to read people. This is the discourse system of Marx philosophy theory system. Marx philosophy text contains public thought rich. This is not only reflected in a "public" as prefix concept in the discourse system of Marx's philosophy, such as "public interest" and "public relations", also reflected in the historical materialism of practice of human understanding: first the basic practice of human history is the production practice to deal with the relationship between man and nature is the material, but the individual is limited so, when the limited individual can not achieve many of their own needs, people with the group, the power of others in the community in the form of struggle and natural body set here. The public spirit is the Marx philosophy contained. Therefore, the public thought and public spirit of Marx's philosophy as we laid the foundation for the study of the public, pointed out the direction; at the same time, because it is not on the public concept of defined norms, nor the formation of human nature of public the theory of the system, so there is still a vast space of public research in the discourse system of Marx philosophy. Firstly, the thinking and analysis of the concept of the public. The public person is a person of public independence and freedom based public expression and participation in public affairs social history the phenomenon. It is a kind of living state of people as a class exists should appear, this state is higher than that of the social people in general sense; it is the social and historical development in modern society, The modern qualities of people; it is a kind of ideal, it is mature and perfect and personality to achieve consistent with future social comprehensive development of human freedom fit. Based on the analysis of the concept, this paper from the angle of historical development of the public combing the historical forms of public. A social historical concept, has its own production, development, maturity of history, there are different historical forms in different stages of development. In the capitalist society, public spirit and ethical level is mainly reflected in the public at the time, can be seen as human embryonic public; modern significance the public is formed in the modern society, its establishment is largely due to the modern state, the development of social organizations and modern media; with the development of society and the modernization of the people, the development of the public With the development of modern people's mutual gain, the Commonwealth of free people will gradually become the human existence state and public organization, people will eventually achieve a mature and perfect. In the public concept of human interpretation and analyzes its historical development pattern, this paper further discusses the characteristics and types of the public is the public. People with common characteristics, openness and fairness of the three characteristics; in nature, level, status, value evaluation as the standard, the public has a variety of types of people. But in spite of the different types and characteristics, embodies the public people are still unified. This reflects is a common concern, the common field of activities, on the other hand is a harmonious unity of vitality and order. Finally, in the premise of theoretical analysis, in under the guidance of historical materialism This paper is based on the social reality, especially in today's Chinese social reality, face the lack of publicity of the social problems, in-depth analysis of the social origin of public crisis, based on the obtained path public cultivation. Namely, we must seize this fundamental point of public interest and deliberative democracy this key to moral construction and the system reform respectively as a guarantee of ideological guidance and system, public awareness of the cultivation and construction of the public building towards the unity of freedom in this direction smoothly, and strive to achieve the free and comprehensive development, will better promote the contemporary Chinese modernization.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：C912.1

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