本文選題：城市貧困　切入點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：貧困是一個(gè)與人類發(fā)展始終伴隨的話題。在經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的過程中,城市貧困現(xiàn)象伴隨社會(huì)巨變不斷凸顯和演變,不僅給身處其中的個(gè)體,也給整體性的社會(huì)帶來嚴(yán)重的影響,成為值得關(guān)注和研究的問題。本研究以上海為例,對(duì)城市貧困者進(jìn)行深度的質(zhì)性分析,從不均等的結(jié)構(gòu)變化和各不相同的文化要素中,探尋城市貧困的各個(gè)面向,尋求城市反貧困之道,既有學(xué)理的關(guān)注,亦具深刻的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)和論述集中在以下三個(gè)方面:1、城市貧困始終處于結(jié)構(gòu)和文化的雙重作用之下。本研究聯(lián)系城市貧困者真實(shí)生活的實(shí)踐,以孫立平教授在實(shí)踐社會(huì)學(xué)中提出的“過程—機(jī)制—策略—邏輯”四個(gè)要素作為研究的路徑,構(gòu)建城市貧困的結(jié)構(gòu)和文化的雙重闡釋框架。經(jīng)濟(jì)力、福利制度和社會(huì)力是城市貧困的結(jié)構(gòu)性解釋,價(jià)值觀念、行為方式和生活方式是城市貧困的文化性解釋。在城市貧困的演變發(fā)展、成因、個(gè)體和國家應(yīng)對(duì)貧困的策略中,都不難發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)和文化的作用。城市貧困不僅是一個(gè)社會(huì)問題,一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,更是一個(gè)普遍存在的文化現(xiàn)象。在結(jié)構(gòu)和文化雙重視野的的整合和重構(gòu)之下,城市貧困研究有了新的內(nèi)涵。2、城市反貧困的邏輯路徑可從結(jié)構(gòu)和文化兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行構(gòu)架和設(shè)計(jì)�；诮Y(jié)構(gòu)和文化的原因,個(gè)體的可行能力不斷被剝奪,最終陷入貧困的境地中。是否可從突破個(gè)體可行能力的局限入手,尋求城市反貧困的思路呢?因此,研究者提出基于可行能力的城市反貧困思路,建議從可行能力建設(shè)的結(jié)構(gòu)性要素、文化性要素和主體參與三個(gè)層面構(gòu)建城市反貧困的邏輯路徑,最終將理論、方法、實(shí)踐與本土實(shí)際相結(jié)合,以反貧困的社會(huì)實(shí)踐,探尋城市反貧困的現(xiàn)實(shí)可能,期待能為貧困研究開辟新的道路。3、城市貧困個(gè)體的能動(dòng)性不容忽視身處城市貧困中的個(gè)體,受到結(jié)構(gòu)和文化的重壓,在實(shí)踐中表現(xiàn)出了各自不同的策略。這其中既體現(xiàn)了結(jié)構(gòu)性的影響,也蘊(yùn)含著文化性的解釋。但是,個(gè)體從來不是“被動(dòng)”的犧牲品,他們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)性的限制之下仍然表現(xiàn)出了可觀的智慧和能動(dòng)性,驅(qū)動(dòng)了各種不同行為的產(chǎn)生。只有真正理解了城市貧困者的能動(dòng)性,才能真正讀懂城市貧困。在文章的結(jié)尾,研究者提出未來還可在城市貧困者的多重需求滿足、反貧困的差異性原則、社會(huì)工作方法在反貧困實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用等多個(gè)方面進(jìn)行更加深入的探討和研究。
[Abstract]:Poverty is always accompanied by human development. In the process of rapid economic development, the phenomenon of urban poverty has been highlighted and evolved along with the social changes, not only to the individual who is in it, but also to the society as a whole. This study takes Shanghai as an example, carries on the deep qualitative analysis to the urban poor, from the unequal structure change and the different cultural elements, explores each aspect of the urban poverty. To seek ways to combat poverty in cities, there is a theoretical concern, This study focuses on the following three aspects: 1. Urban poverty is always under the dual function of structure and culture. Taking the four elements of "process-mechanism-strategy-logic" put forward by Professor Sun Liping in the sociology of practice as the path of study, this paper constructs a dual interpretation framework of urban poverty structure and culture. Welfare system and social force are the structural interpretation of urban poverty, values, behavior and lifestyle are cultural explanations of urban poverty. It is not difficult to find the role of structure and culture. Urban poverty is not only a social problem, an economic phenomenon, but also a universal cultural phenomenon. The study of urban poverty has a new connotation. 2. The logical path of urban anti-poverty can be constructed and designed from two aspects of structure and culture. Based on the reasons of structure and culture, the feasible ability of individual is constantly deprived. Finally fall into the situation of poverty. Can we start from breaking through the limitations of individual feasible ability to seek the idea of urban anti-poverty? Therefore, the researcher puts forward the idea of urban anti-poverty based on feasible ability, and proposes to construct the logic path of urban anti-poverty from three aspects: structural elements, cultural elements and subject participation, and finally, the theory and method will be constructed. Combining practice with local reality, with the social practice of anti-poverty, exploring the possibility of urban anti-poverty, expecting to open up a new way for the study of poverty, the initiative of urban poor individual can not be ignored in the individual of urban poverty. Under the pressure of structure and culture, they show different strategies in practice. This reflects both structural influence and cultural explanation. However, the individual is never the victim of "passivity". They still show considerable wisdom and initiative under structural constraints, driving the emergence of different behaviors. Only by truly understanding the dynamic role of the urban poor can they truly understand urban poverty. The researchers suggest that the future can be further explored and studied in many aspects, such as the multiple needs of the urban poor, the principle of difference in anti-poverty, the application of social work methods in anti-poverty practice, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：C913.7
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本文編號(hào)：1572394