本文關(guān)鍵詞： 房奴 有限理性 需要層次理論 從眾 攀比心理　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放三十年來,大量人口從農(nóng)村涌向城市,而隨著房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)化,土地,尤其是大城市的土地變成稀缺資源,多種復(fù)雜因素使得房?jī)r(jià)節(jié)節(jié)攀升,龐大的“房奴”群體應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。成為“房奴”后,生活質(zhì)量變化很明顯,表現(xiàn)在工作上--不敢跳槽,家庭生活上--啃老,無房不嫁,休閑生活上--休閑支出大為減少。 為了使研究具有可比性,同時(shí)為了真正區(qū)分“房奴”群體與“偽房奴”群體,這里我們所使用的“房奴”定義是： “房奴”是指城鎮(zhèn)居民出于現(xiàn)實(shí)因素考慮,不得不抵押貸款購房,在生命黃金時(shí)期中的20到30年,每年用占可支配收入的40%至50%甚至更高的比例償還貸款本息,從而造成居民家庭生活的長(zhǎng)期壓力,影響正常消費(fèi)。 圍繞著“房奴”群體購房動(dòng)機(jī)的解釋,見仁見智,本研究經(jīng)過資料分析認(rèn)為,購房行為作為一項(xiàng)重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)符合“有限理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人”假設(shè),該消費(fèi)行為有理性因素,也有非理性因素,“房奴”群體的形成有深刻的社會(huì)心理背景,對(duì)“房奴”群體而言,現(xiàn)實(shí)因素是真實(shí)而迫切的,心理因素則是雖奢侈卻重要的,具體如下。 影響“房奴”購房的現(xiàn)實(shí)因素有： 1.與房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)相關(guān)的附加權(quán)利,如結(jié)婚、戶籍、教育。目前,全國大多數(shù)城市均規(guī)定,如果沒有自己的產(chǎn)權(quán),一旦結(jié)婚,要將戶口從集體戶口遷出,小孩無法上戶口,義務(wù)教育階段上學(xué)難。 2.租售比高,租房投資無利可圖,適合的房源難找。這種情況在房?jī)r(jià)高的地區(qū)尤其明顯,租售比高使得希望靠租房投資的人無利可圖,他們更愿意將房子賣掉而不是出租。 3.租賃體系不完善,居住無保障。目前我國租賃體系尚不完善,房東權(quán)利無限大,與房東出現(xiàn)糾紛維權(quán)困難。 從社會(huì)性格角度看,國人寧愿當(dāng)“房奴”不愿租房也有深層次的心理原因,心理因素有： 1.根深蒂固的土地情結(jié),過去圍著土地轉(zhuǎn),現(xiàn)在圍著房子轉(zhuǎn)。 2.國人對(duì)家的意象中,房子和財(cái)產(chǎn)是基礎(chǔ),而家有著非常重要的心理意義,滿足了人對(duì)安全感,歸屬感的需求,這些基礎(chǔ)需求得到滿足,人才能健康的成長(zhǎng),才能追求更高層次的自我實(shí)現(xiàn)； 3.對(duì)房子的鐘愛也與當(dāng)下社會(huì)風(fēng)氣有關(guān)。社會(huì)逐漸分層,國人以擁有房產(chǎn)為榮,為了獲得所期待的某一階層的認(rèn)可而超出個(gè)人經(jīng)濟(jì)能力買房,進(jìn)行攀比性消費(fèi)。另外由于輿論的推波助瀾,渲染有房者才是成功者也影響國人購房的決定。4.從眾心理一定程度上也左右了人們的消費(fèi)行為,由于信息不對(duì)稱帶來的不確切加劇了國人購房消費(fèi)行為中的從眾現(xiàn)象,重今生不重來世的幸福觀對(duì)國人的購房行為也有影響。 本研究對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的啟示意義在于解決目前的住房難現(xiàn)象不能有失偏頗,既要改變個(gè)人的消費(fèi)觀念,也要針對(duì)性的解決實(shí)際問題。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, a large number of people have poured into cities from rural areas. With the marketization of real estate, land, especially in big cities, has become a scarce resource. A large group of "house slaves" came into being. After becoming "house slaves", the quality of life changed obviously, which was manifested in job-not dare to change jobs, family life-gnawing old, no room without marriage, leisure life-leisure expenditure greatly reduced. In order to make the study comparable, and to truly distinguish between the "house slave" group and the "false house slave" group, we use the definition of "house slave" here as:. The term "house slave" refers to the fact that urban residents have to mortgage their homes for 20 to 30 years in the prime of their lives and repay their principal and interest on loans with a proportion of 40% to 50% or more of disposable income each year. Thus causes the resident family life the long-term pressure, affects the normal consumption. There are different opinions about the explanation of the "house slave" group's purchase motivation. Through the analysis of the data, this study concludes that the purchase behavior as a major economic activity accords with the hypothesis of "limited rational economic man", and the consumption behavior has rational factors. There are also irrational factors. The formation of the "house slave" group has a profound social and psychological background. For the "house slave" group, the realistic factor is real and urgent, and the psychological factor is luxury but important, as follows. The realistic factors affecting the purchase of "house slaves" are:. 1. Additional rights related to housing property rights, such as marriage, household registration, education. At present, most cities in the country stipulate that, if they do not have their own property rights, once married, they must move their hukou out of their collective hukou, so that children cannot go to the hukou. It is difficult to go to school in compulsory education. 2. High rental ratio, unprofitable rental investment, and hard to find suitable housing. This is especially true in areas with high house prices. The high rental ratio makes it unprofitable for those who want to rent and invest, and they prefer to sell their houses rather than rent them out. 3. The lease system is not perfect and the residence is not guaranteed. At present, the leasing system in our country is not perfect, the landlord's right is infinite, and it is difficult to defend the rights of the landlord. From the point of view of social character, people prefer to be "house slaves" rather than rent housing, there are also deep-seated psychological reasons, psychological factors are:. 1. The deep-rooted complex of land, which used to revolve around the land, now revolves around the house. 2. In the image of home, house and property are the basis, and the family has a very important psychological significance, which satisfies the needs of the sense of security and the sense of belonging. Only when these basic needs are satisfied, can one grow up healthily. In order to pursue a higher level of self-realization; 3. The love of the house is also related to the current social atmosphere. The society is gradually stratified, the people are proud to own a house, and in order to obtain the approval of a certain class they expect, they can buy a house beyond their personal financial ability. Comparing consumption. In addition, because the public opinion has contributed to the fire, the decision that the person who owns the house is the winner will also influence the people to buy the house. To a certain extent, conformity psychology has also influenced people's consumption behavior. Because of the imprecision brought about by the asymmetry of information, the phenomenon of conformity in the behavior of people buying houses is aggravated, and the happiness view of paying more attention to this life than to the afterlife also has an effect on the behavior of people buying houses. The significance of this study is to solve the current housing difficulties can not be biased, not only to change the personal consumption concept, but also to solve the actual problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：C913.9;F293.3

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