本文關(guān)鍵詞： 家庭暴力 流動人口 已婚育齡婦女 健康 影響因素　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：[研究背景]針對婦女的暴力是一個全球性的現(xiàn)象,無論是發(fā)達(dá)國家還是發(fā)展中國家,這種現(xiàn)象都不同程度地存在,而且大多數(shù)施暴者是受害者的家庭成員。家庭暴力不僅會造成婚姻解體、家庭破裂,還嚴(yán)重摧殘婦女的身心健康,并會對目擊者造成極大傷害。20世紀(jì)80年代以來,伴隨著國家人口流動政策的逐步放寬以及中心城市吸引力的逐步增強(qiáng),我國的流動人口增長迅速。大規(guī)模流動人口的出現(xiàn)為城市經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會的發(fā)展作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn),然而人口流動也引發(fā)了很多新的社會問題,其中流動人口中家庭暴力問題日益突出卻未能引起社會的足夠重視。因此,在構(gòu)建和諧社會的當(dāng)今,關(guān)注和探討流動人口中的家庭暴力問題對提高流動人口女性的健康、推進(jìn)性別平等以及促進(jìn)社會和諧穩(wěn)定均具有十分重要的意義。 [研究目的]通過對上海流動人口已婚育齡婦女家庭暴力調(diào)查資料的分析,了解流動人口已婚育齡婦女中家庭暴力的發(fā)生情況、對婦女健康的影響以及家庭暴力的危險和保護(hù)性因素。 [研究方法]本研究為橫斷面調(diào)查,調(diào)查對象為20～49歲上海流動人口已婚育齡婦女。采用多階段整群抽樣的方法在上海市虹口區(qū)隨機(jī)選取2個街道,并在選中的街道按比例分別抽取10個和16個居委會,對選中居委會所有符合條件的對象進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)式問卷調(diào)查�，F(xiàn)場調(diào)查時間為2010年4-5月,調(diào)查方式為同性別調(diào)查員匿名面對面訪談。調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括人口學(xué)特征、一般健康狀況、性與生殖健康狀況、對家庭性別角色以及家庭暴力的態(tài)度、家庭暴力的遭遇情況、受傷情況、遭受暴力后的反應(yīng)等。完成一次調(diào)查大約需要45分鐘。共有958份有效問卷納入了本文的分析,分析軟件為SAS 9.1。統(tǒng)計分析方法主要包括t檢驗、方差分析、卡方檢驗和Logistic回歸分析等。 [研究結(jié)果] 1.基本情況：研究對象平均年齡35.4歲,平均結(jié)婚年齡23.0歲,80%以上的對象為初中及以下文化程度,再婚的比例為1.3%,職業(yè)主要是個體戶／私營業(yè)主(44.6%)；2/3以上的研究對象在外打工時間超過5年,平均打工年限為10.3年。 2.對家庭性別角色以及家庭暴力的態(tài)度：研究對象家庭性別角色態(tài)度以居中和傳統(tǒng)的比例較多(分別為39.1%和30.1%)。絕大多數(shù)對象認(rèn)同在特定情況下妻子可以拒絕與丈夫過性生活(79.3%-90.6%)和反對丈夫毆打妻子(79.6%-98.4%),但仍有部分對象反對妻子可以拒絕與丈夫過性生活(8.0%-17.1%),并認(rèn)同丈夫可以毆打妻子(0.5%-15.7%)。 3.家庭暴力發(fā)生情況：研究對象曾經(jīng)遭受過家庭暴力的情況比較普遍,總的家庭暴力發(fā)生比例為40.0%,其中以精神暴力最為常見(27.8%),其次為控制行為(17.5%)和身體暴力(10.8%),性暴力的發(fā)生比例相對較低(5.7%)；最近一年中,有18.7%的調(diào)查對象遭受過家庭暴力,仍然是精神暴力(15.3%)最為常見,其次為身體暴力(5.7%)和性暴力(3.0%)。 4.家庭暴力影響因素：多因素Logistic逐步回歸分析表明,結(jié)婚年齡大、文化程度高、在上海有親戚、遇到事故時鄰居主動幫助、在本小區(qū)居住時間長和最近一年沒有換過工作的研究對象遭受家庭暴力的危險性較�。欢磳ζ拮泳芙^與丈夫過性生活、認(rèn)同丈夫毆打妻子、對經(jīng)濟(jì)財產(chǎn)控制能力差、配偶有頻繁飲酒、賭博以及與他人有暴力沖突的對象遭受家庭暴力的危險性較高。 5.家庭暴力對婦女健康的影響：在遭受過丈夫身體暴力的對象中,47.4%的對象認(rèn)為丈夫的暴力對自己的身心健康有影響,24.3%的對象報告出現(xiàn)身體受傷。是否遭受家庭暴力與婦女的一般健康狀況、心理健康狀況、性與生殖健康狀況均有關(guān)聯(lián)：遭受過家庭暴力的對象經(jīng)常感到頭痛和身上疼痛/不適等-般健康狀況以及感覺緊張/害怕/擔(dān)憂、容易發(fā)怒、哭的次數(shù)比以前多、經(jīng)常覺得自己毫無價值以及對生活感到厭倦等不良心理狀況的比例高于未遭受過暴力的對象；遭受過身體暴力或性暴力的對象更容易產(chǎn)生不良妊娠結(jié)局、生殖道感染癥狀、婦科疾病、感到缺乏性欲和性生活不和諧等方面的問題。 6.對身體暴力的應(yīng)對情況及需求：在遭受過身體暴力的研究對象中,有46.6%的對象曾將自己的遭遇告知過別人,38.9%曾獲得過幫助,73.8%希望有人能幫助她們。 [結(jié)論] (1)上海市流動人口已婚育齡婦女中遭受家庭暴力的現(xiàn)象較普遍；(2)有多種因素與家庭暴力發(fā)生相關(guān)聯(lián),應(yīng)針對一些危險因素進(jìn)行家庭暴力預(yù)防干預(yù)；(3)家庭暴力與婦女的一般健康、心理健康以及性與生殖健康狀況均有明顯的關(guān)聯(lián)性。(4)遭受過家庭暴力的婦女向外尋求幫助的比例較低,認(rèn)為“家丑不可外揚(yáng)”、在上海的社會支持狀況較差和對上海社會支持狀況不了解是她們不去求助的主要原因。
[Abstract]:[background] violence against women is a global phenomenon, whether developed or developing countries, this phenomenon has existed, and most of the perpetrators are victims of domestic violence. Family members will not only cause the dissolution of the marriage, family breakdown, but also destroy the women's physical and mental health, and will cause great harm on 80s the.20 century witnesses since, along with the flow of the country's population policy gradually relaxed and gradually increase the attractiveness of the city center, China's floating population grows rapidly. The appearance of a large floating population for the city economy, made a great contribution to the development of the society, however, migration also caused a lot of new social problems, including family the floating population in the violence problem increasingly has failed to attract enough attention of the society. Therefore, in the construction of a harmonious society, attention and exploration Addressing domestic violence in floating population is of great importance for improving the health of floating women, promoting gender equality and promoting social harmony and stability.
[Objective] to understand the incidence of family violence, the impact on women's health, and the risk and protective factors of domestic violence among migrant women of childbearing age in Shanghai.
[Methods] this study is a cross-sectional survey, survey of married women of childbearing age is 20~49 years old. The floating population in Shanghai by stratified cluster sampling method in Shanghai city of Hongkou District were randomly selected from 2 street, and in the selected street were selected according to the proportion of 10 and 16 residents, survey questionnaires to select committees all eligible subjects. Field investigation of the time for the 2010 4-5 month survey for sex investigator anonymous face-to-face interviews. The survey includes general demographic characteristics, health status, health status and reproduction of family, gender roles and family violence attitude, situation, family violence, injuries, violence after the reaction. It takes about 45 minutes to complete a survey. A total of 958 valid questionnaires were included in the analysis, SAS 9.1. analysis software for statistical analysis methods include T test, analysis of variance, chi square test and Logistic regression analysis, etc.
[results]
1. basic conditions: the object of study, the average age of 35.4 years, the average age of marriage at the age of 23, more than 80% of the target for the junior middle school education level and below, remarriage proportion is 1.3%, the main occupation is self-employed / private owners (44.6%); the research object above 2/3 working time in over 5 years, the average wage for 10.3 years years.
2. of the families of gender roles and family violence attitude: study family gender role attitudes and traditions in the middle of larger proportion (39.1% and 30.1%). The vast majority of object identity in the particular case of wife can refuse to have sex with her husband (79.3%-90.6%) and the husband beat his wife (79.6%-98.4%), but there are still part of the object against the wife can refuse to have sex with her husband (8.0%-17.1%), and identify the husband can beat his wife (0.5%-15.7%).
The occurrence of domestic violence: 3. research objects had been subjected to domestic violence is more common, the total domestic violence ratio of 40%, with the spirit of violence was the most common (27.8%), followed by the control of behavior (17.5%) and (10.8%) physical violence, sexual violence occurred in the proportion of relatively low (5.7%); last year, 18.7% of the respondents suffered from family violence, mental violence (15.3%) is still the most common, followed by physical violence and sexual violence (5.7%) (3%).
4. domestic violence factors: multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the age of marriage, a high degree of culture, have relatives in Shanghai, the accident when a neighbor in the initiative to help, a lower risk of living in this district and long last year no work has been the research object of domestic violence against his wife and refused; her husband had sex identity, her husband beat his wife, on the economic property control ability is poor, their spouses have a higher risk of frequent drinking, gambling and the object had a violent conflict with others suffering from domestic violence.
5. domestic violence impact on women's health: the objects suffered husband physical violence, 47.4% objects that affect her husband's violence on their physical and mental health, 24.3% of respondents reported whether suffered physical injuries. The general health status of domestic violence and women's mental health, sexual and reproductive health status were significantly related object: suffered domestic violence often feel headache and body pain / discomfort - like health and feel nervous / fear / worry, irritability, crying more than usual, often feel nothing, feel tired and other adverse psychological status proportion of life was higher than that suffered the object of violence. Object; suffered physical or sexual violence is more prone to adverse pregnancy outcomes, reproductive tract infection symptoms, gynecological diseases, lack of sexual desire and sexual disharmony etc. The problem.
6., coping with physical violence and needs: 46.6% of the subjects who had suffered physical violence had told their experiences to others, 38.9% had been helped, 73.8% hoped someone could help them.
[Conclusion] (1) suffered from family violence among married women of childbearing age of floating population in Shanghai city was a common phenomenon; (2) there are many factors associated with domestic violence, should be aimed at some risk factors of domestic violence prevention and intervention; (3) the general health of domestic violence and women's mental health and health status were significantly sexual and reproductive relevance. (4) suffered from family violence women outside help is relatively low, that "domestic shame should not be published in Shanghai," the poorer social support and social support status of Shanghai do not understand is the main reason for them not to ask for help.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R173;C913.8

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