本文關(guān)鍵詞： 埃文思-普里查德 巫術(shù) 神諭 魔法　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：埃文思-普里查德(Sir Edward Evans-Pritchard)是英國(guó)社會(huì)人類(lèi)學(xué)家,因其卓越的田野和理論研究在人類(lèi)學(xué)史上享有盛名。本文的主題是通過(guò)解讀埃文思-普里查德出版于1937年的民族志著作《阿贊德人的巫術(shù)、神諭和魔法》(Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande),以期發(fā)現(xiàn)埃文思-普里查德如何通過(guò)民族志的書(shū)寫(xiě)來(lái)表達(dá)他在學(xué)理上的關(guān)注,以及對(duì)這些問(wèn)題在今天進(jìn)行重新思考的意義。本文先介紹了論文寫(xiě)作的三個(gè)問(wèn)題,即選題、緣由和方法；接下來(lái)簡(jiǎn)略綜述了前人對(duì)埃文思-普里查德的研究,其中包括西方和國(guó)內(nèi)兩個(gè)部分；第三部分是對(duì)埃文思-普里查德生平和學(xué)術(shù)經(jīng)歷的簡(jiǎn)單介紹；第四部分進(jìn)入主題,即對(duì)《阿贊德人的巫術(shù)、神諭和魔法》的文本解讀；最后一部分即為結(jié)論——對(duì)埃文思-普里查德其人和《阿贊德人的巫術(shù)、神諭和魔法》的理解,同時(shí),回顧導(dǎo)論中提出的三個(gè)問(wèn)題。 在對(duì)文本解析和總結(jié)前人研究的同時(shí),本文認(rèn)為,《阿贊德人的巫術(shù)、神諭和魔法》一書(shū)是埃文思-普里查德對(duì)功能主義不滿(mǎn)的初步表達(dá),盡管這本書(shū)本身是以功能主義為框架所建構(gòu)的。埃文思-普里查德所處的時(shí)代,來(lái)自現(xiàn)象學(xué)的思考沖擊了功能主義所謂的客觀科學(xué)性,當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)功能主義的革新之一是越來(lái)越關(guān)注個(gè)人能動(dòng)性和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)之間的辯證關(guān)系�！栋①澋氯说奈仔g(shù)、神諭和魔法》一書(shū)彰顯了埃文思-普里查德對(duì)這樣一個(gè)思考的表達(dá),他引領(lǐng)的闡釋主義和對(duì)文化意義的探尋在書(shū)里隨處可見(jiàn)。阿贊德人在一個(gè)先驗(yàn)的巫術(shù)信仰中從事各種經(jīng)驗(yàn)行為,從來(lái)沒(méi)有人質(zhì)疑信仰的正當(dāng)性；然而阿贊德人又是狡猾的,他們會(huì)根據(jù)自己生活的需要來(lái)調(diào)整對(duì)信條的遵從,同時(shí)為各種漏洞找各種借口。在巫術(shù)的信仰現(xiàn)象中,埃文思-普里查德沒(méi)有忘記提及信仰的社會(huì)因素,比如性別和社會(huì)等級(jí),盡管點(diǎn)到之處只有寥寥數(shù)筆。埃文思-普里查德通過(guò)對(duì)巫術(shù)信仰這樣一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)集中的論題書(shū)寫(xiě),展現(xiàn)了他對(duì)人類(lèi)學(xué)人文學(xué)科的定位,同時(shí)也表達(dá)了他的宗教研究有一種關(guān)注地方性知識(shí)的自覺(jué)性,這開(kāi)啟了解釋人類(lèi)學(xué)的范式。這樣一本大部頭的民族志,就內(nèi)容本身和理論指涉,都超越了很多之前和之后的作品。 但是如同埃文思-普里查德的老師所言,書(shū)中對(duì)阿贊德人的宗教信仰沒(méi)有哪怕零星的交待,這是一個(gè)缺憾。宗教和巫術(shù)的親密關(guān)系,使得這樣的缺憾使我們對(duì)贊德巫術(shù)的把握停留在了贊德理性的層面,這也是本文對(duì)《阿贊德人的巫術(shù)、神諭和魔法》一書(shū)的唯一苛責(zé)之處,同時(shí)對(duì)今天從事宗教研究的人類(lèi)學(xué)者亦是一種警醒。
[Abstract]:Edward Evans-Pritchard is a British social anthropologist. The subject of this article is the interpretation of Evans-Pritchard 's ethnographic work "Azzander's witchcraft", published in 1937, because of his remarkable field and theoretical research in the history of anthropology. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azandean, hoping to find out how Evans Pritchard expresses his scholarly concern through ethnographic writing. And the significance of rethinking these problems today. This paper first introduces the three problems of the thesis writing, namely, the topic, the reason and the method, and then briefly summarizes the previous studies of Evan Pritchard. The third part is a brief introduction of Evans-Pritchard 's life and academic experience, the 4th part goes into the theme, namely, the interpretation of the text of "Azzander's witchcraft, oracle and magic"; The last part is the conclusion-the understanding of the witchcraft, oracle and magic of Evan Pritchard and the Azzanderians. At the same time, three questions raised in the introduction are reviewed. While analyzing the text and summing up the previous studies, this paper holds that the book "Azander's witchcraft, oracle and magic" is a preliminary expression of Evan Pritchard's dissatisfaction with functionalism. Although the book itself was constructed within the framework of functionalism, Evans-Pritchard lived in an era in which phenomenological thinking challenged the so-called objective science of functionalism. One of the innovations in functionalism at that time was a growing focus on the dialectical relationship between individual activism and social structures. The Azzander Witchcraft, the oracle, and Magic demonstrates Evan Pritchard's expression of such a thinking. His hermeneutics and search for cultural meaning can be found everywhere in the book. The Azzanderians engage in all kinds of experiential acts in a transcendental witchcraft faith, and no one ever questions the legitimacy of the belief; yet the Azanderites are cunning. They adjust their creed to the needs of their lives, and make excuses for loopholes. In the belief of witchcraft, Evan Pritchard does not forget to mention the social factors of faith, such as gender and social rank. Although there were only a few, Evan Pritchard showed his position in the humanities of anthropology by writing a focused thesis on the belief in witchcraft. It also expresses that his religious studies have a sense of concern for local knowledge, which opens up the paradigm of explanatory anthropology. Such a large volume of ethnography refers to the content itself and the theory. Are beyond a lot of works before and after. But as Evan Pritchard's teacher put it, it is a pity that the book does not give a piecemeal account of the religious beliefs of the Azzanders.Religion and witchcraft are intimate. That makes our grasp of Zander's witchcraft stay at the level of Zander's rationality, and this is the only criticism of the Azzander's witchcraft, oracle, and magic. At the same time, the anthropologists engaged in religious studies today are also a warning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C912.4

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本文編號(hào)：1508497