本文關(guān)鍵詞： 主觀就業(yè)障礙 女碩士 女性主義　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：女碩士就業(yè)成為一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,在就業(yè)的過(guò)程中,因?yàn)樾詣e、年齡等因素的影響,往往導(dǎo)致女碩士就業(yè)狀況不理想。而針對(duì)女碩士的就業(yè)服務(wù)方面的介入,傳統(tǒng)的心理咨詢和就業(yè)指導(dǎo)中心存在著明顯的不足之處。女性主義是研究眾多女性問(wèn)題的一個(gè)有效的視角,它承認(rèn)社會(huì)性別是社會(huì)不平等的一種表現(xiàn),這種不平等并不是因?yàn)槟信畠尚阅芰ι系牟顒e,而是因?yàn)闅v史、社會(huì)、文化等因素塑造形成的,女性處于被社會(huì)忽視的地位。女性主義要承認(rèn)女性能動(dòng)作用,重視女性的價(jià)值,變革觀念,重建重建女性在社會(huì)上的形象及女性對(duì)自身的認(rèn)識(shí),爭(zhēng)取個(gè)人自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的權(quán)力和機(jī)會(huì),同時(shí)集體行動(dòng)改進(jìn)女性的福祉。本文即采用女性主義的視角對(duì)女碩士畢業(yè)生的主觀就業(yè)障礙進(jìn)行了研究。通過(guò)采用質(zhì)性的研究方法,對(duì)女碩士畢業(yè)生進(jìn)行半結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談,并結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)檢索、觀察等方法,以發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前女碩士的主觀就業(yè)障礙的特點(diǎn)和表現(xiàn)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這些主觀就業(yè)障礙,即感知到的對(duì)個(gè)體就業(yè)發(fā)揮阻礙性作用的因素,根據(jù)障礙的來(lái)源,劃分為內(nèi)部障礙與外部障礙。內(nèi)部障礙主要包含了女碩士個(gè)體層面的弱勢(shì)歸因、選擇性失業(yè)、心理焦慮、專業(yè)能力不足等,外部障礙則主要涉及了就業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)、性別年齡及外貌歧視、家庭背景、重要他人的反對(duì)等。這些障礙進(jìn)行深層次的分析后,造成諸多障礙的原因并非在于個(gè)體,而是不公平、不合理的社會(huì)因素造成的。具體包括了性別歧視、社會(huì)對(duì)女性的形象的塑造定型化、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和文化對(duì)女碩士畢業(yè)生的個(gè)性和角色的限定。在對(duì)這一議題的介入,注重性別、出發(fā)點(diǎn)和目標(biāo)等方面,女性主義的方法和視角與之具有高度的契合性。女性主義介入女碩士主觀就業(yè)障礙的策略,包含了性別敏感性、優(yōu)勢(shì)視角、構(gòu)建平等的關(guān)系、重新界定問(wèn)題以減輕無(wú)助感、女碩士自我意識(shí)的覺(jué)醒、建立社會(huì)支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)、注重增權(quán)等、在具體的工作方法上,采取個(gè)案、團(tuán)體、社區(qū)及外展社會(huì)工作的方法。在服務(wù)的過(guò)程中,采用女性主義的視角來(lái)考察服務(wù)者和研究者的角色,除了一般性的服務(wù)者、支持者、資源獲取者等,更重要的是要擔(dān)當(dāng)政策影響人、個(gè)體具備反思性。在提出了女性主義介入的策略后,探討了可能存在的局限性,如介入效果的評(píng)估、女性霸權(quán)、操作具體化及社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的改革等。最后,本文探討了女性主義的研究方法在這一議題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),即更注重定性的方法、注重研究者的意識(shí)的影響,同時(shí),在資料的搜集分析上面臨著倫理難題。
[Abstract]:Employment of female masters has become a hot issue in the process of employment, because of the influence of gender, age and other factors, the employment situation of female masters is often not ideal. The traditional psychological counseling and employment guidance centers have obvious shortcomings. Feminism is an effective perspective in the study of many women's issues, which recognizes that gender is a manifestation of social inequality. This inequality is not because of the difference in the ability of men and women, but because of historical, social, cultural and other factors shaped, women in a position of social neglect. Feminism should recognize the role of female initiative. Attach importance to the value of women, change ideas, rebuild the image of women in the society and women's understanding of themselves, and strive for the rights and opportunities of personal self-realization. At the same time, collective action to improve the well-being of women. This paper uses a feminist perspective to study the subjective employment barriers of female master's degree graduates. In order to find out the characteristics and performance of female master's subjective employment barrier, the author conducted a semi-structured interview on female master's graduates, combined with literature retrieval, observation and other methods. The study found that these subjective employment barriers. According to the source of the obstacles, they can be divided into internal barriers and external barriers. The internal barriers mainly include the weak attribution of female master's individual level, selective unemployment. Psychological anxiety, lack of professional ability, external obstacles are mainly related to the situation of employment competition, gender, age and appearance discrimination, family background, important other people's opposition and so on. Many obstacles are caused not by individuals, but by unfair and unreasonable social factors, including gender discrimination and stereotyping of the image of women in society. Social structure and culture define the personality and role of female master's degree graduates. Focus on gender, starting point and goal. Feminist approach and perspective have a high degree of agreement with it. Feminist intervention in female master's subjective employment barriers strategy, including gender sensitivity, advantage perspective, to build equal relations. Redefine the problem in order to alleviate the sense of helplessness, the awakening of self-consciousness of female masters, the establishment of social support network, focus on empowerment, in the specific working methods, take individual cases, groups. Methods of community and outreaching social work. In the process of service, we use the feminist perspective to examine the roles of service providers and researchers, including general service providers, supporters, resource acquirers and so on. It is more important to take on the influence of policy on people, and the individual is reflective. After putting forward the strategy of feminist intervention, this paper discusses the possible limitations, such as the evaluation of the effect of intervention and the hegemony of women. Finally, this paper discusses the development trend of feminist research methods in this topic, that is, pay more attention to qualitative methods, pay attention to the impact of researchers' consciousness, at the same time. The collection and analysis of data is faced with ethical problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C913.2;C913.14

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本文編號(hào)：1470029