本文關(guān)鍵詞：安徽農(nóng)村老年婦女的貧困狀況及其影響因素研究　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：貧困是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的社會(huì)問題,一直以來備受政府和學(xué)術(shù)界的關(guān)注。隨著我國老齡化進(jìn)程的加快,老年人口的規(guī)模不斷壯大,同時(shí)由于男女兩性平均預(yù)期壽命的差異,老年人口逐漸呈現(xiàn)出女性化的特征。到目前為止,學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于農(nóng)村老年婦女這一貧困的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人群的專項(xiàng)研究較少,現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn)也只是從狀況描述、原因分析和對(duì)策建議等方面對(duì)農(nóng)村老年婦女的貧困問題進(jìn)行研究,且?guī)缀醵际遣捎脗鹘y(tǒng)的收入消費(fèi)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的貧困測量方法。政府的反貧困工作也未將其納入重點(diǎn)扶貧對(duì)象,她們的生存狀況不容樂觀。因而,有必要對(duì)農(nóng)村老年婦女的貧困問題給予足夠的重視,本文擬把農(nóng)村老年婦女這一貧困的高危人群作為研究對(duì)象,從對(duì)象的主觀評(píng)價(jià)出發(fā)來研究這一類群體的貧困問題。 本文首先利用頻數(shù)分析法來了解安徽省農(nóng)村老年婦女的主觀貧困水平,然后通過交互列聯(lián)表和卡方檢驗(yàn)分析影響主觀貧困的諸多因素與主觀貧困狀況之間的關(guān)系,并進(jìn)行簡單解釋,最后將在卡方檢驗(yàn)中有顯著影響的因子作為自變量,納入Logistic回歸模型中,分析各大類自變量(客觀經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、人口社會(huì)學(xué)特征、健康狀況、家庭因素和社區(qū)環(huán)境)對(duì)主觀貧困狀況的影響強(qiáng)度和方向,得出如下結(jié)論： 第一,在378個(gè)有效樣本中,自認(rèn)為“不貧困”的占77.2%(其中“充裕”的占38.0%,一般的占“39.2%”),而主觀貧困的占22.8%。而從根據(jù)個(gè)人實(shí)際月平均收入來看,低收入占比82%,中等收入占比13.5%,高收入占比4.5%。與主觀貧困水平三類別相比,存在一定的差異。卡方檢驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明主客觀經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況之間存在較強(qiáng)的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。 第二,安徽省老年婦女主觀貧困的高危人群特征表現(xiàn)為：80歲以上高齡、喪偶、文化程度低、60歲之前無正式工作(務(wù)農(nóng))、經(jīng)濟(jì)困難子女?dāng)?shù)量多、生活自理能力差、身體健康狀況不佳等。 第三,在控制客觀經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況和人口社會(huì)學(xué)特征變量的基礎(chǔ)上,通過比較逐步納入健康狀況、家庭因素和社區(qū)環(huán)境變量后的Nagelkerke R Square值可知,客觀經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的作用最大,其次是健康狀況變量,人口社會(huì)學(xué)特征和家庭因素的貢獻(xiàn)力差別不大,貢獻(xiàn)力最小的是社區(qū)環(huán)境變量。 由回歸分析結(jié)果可知：個(gè)人月平均收入、經(jīng)濟(jì)收入是否主要來源于養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和消費(fèi)支出是否主要用于健康醫(yī)療對(duì)老年婦女的主觀貧困有顯著的影響,但客觀經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況并非是唯一的主要影響因素；在控制客觀經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況變量基礎(chǔ)上,健康狀況是老年婦女感受主觀貧困的最重要因素；老年婦女出現(xiàn)喪偶的情形會(huì)增加主觀貧困的可能性,而年齡、文化程度、60歲之前的職業(yè)性質(zhì)對(duì)老年婦女主觀貧困的影響則不明顯；家庭因素中的子女?dāng)?shù)量、居住方式和最近子女地點(diǎn)對(duì)老年婦女自身經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的評(píng)價(jià)影響也不明顯；社區(qū)環(huán)境的優(yōu)劣,也即老年婦女與周圍人的橫向比較對(duì)自身主觀經(jīng)濟(jì)感受的影響并不顯著。 根據(jù)本文的研究結(jié)論,在文章的最后有針對(duì)性地提出了具體的緩解農(nóng)村老年婦女主觀貧困問題的對(duì)策建議,同時(shí)還指出了本文存在的局限性,并對(duì)未來主觀貧困的研究進(jìn)行了展望。
[Abstract]:Poverty is a complex social problem, has received the attention of academia and government. With the accelerated aging process, the growing scale of the elderly population, at the same time because of gender differences in the average life expectancy of the elderly population gradually showing feminine characteristics. So far, the academic community for special research fewer elderly women in rural areas of the poverty-stricken people at high risk, the existing literature is just from the situation description, research the poverty problem of rural elderly women cause analysis and countermeasures, and almost all of the poverty measurement method using traditional income consumption standards. The government's anti-poverty work also not be into the key poverty alleviation object, their living situation is not optimistic. Therefore, it is necessary for the problem of poverty in rural elderly women give enough attention, this paper intends to take the rural elderly women As a research object, the poor and high risk population of women is studied from the subjective evaluation of the object to study the poverty of this group.
Firstly, using frequency analysis method to understand the level of subjective poverty of elderly women in rural areas of Anhui Province, and then through the interaction of contingency table and chi square test to analyze the relationship between influence factors of subjective poverty and subjective poverty, and a simple explanation, finally will have a significant impact factor in the Chi square test as independent variables, included in the the Logistic regression model, analysis of various kinds of independent variables (objective economic conditions, demographic characteristics, health status, family factors and community environment) the strength and direction of influence on subjective poverty, draws the following conclusion:
First, in the 378 valid samples, since that "poor" accounted for 77.2% (including "abundance" accounted for 38%, accounting for the "39.2%"), and subjective poverty accounted for 22.8%. according to the average income of the individual actual month, low income accounted for 82%, moderate income accounted for 13.5%, high compared with 4.5%. and the income level of subjective poverty in three categories, there are some differences. The chi square test results show that there is a strong correlation between the subjective and objective economic conditions.
Second, the characteristics of high-risk groups of elderly women in Anhui province are: over 80 years old, widowed, low education level, no official work before 60 years old (farming), a large number of economically disadvantaged children, poor self-care ability and poor physical health.
Third, based on the control objective economic conditions and demographic characteristics variables, by comparing gradually into the health status of Nagelkerke R Square family factors and community environment variable values after the objective economic status of the largest, followed by health status variables, the contribution of different demographic and sociological characteristics and family factors little. The contribution is the smallest community environment variables.
The analysis results from regression: average personal monthly income, income comes from endowment insurance and expenditure have a significant impact on health on subjective poverty of elderly women, but not the objective economic conditions are the main factors affecting only; in the control variables on the basis of the objective economic condition, health is the most important the subjective factors of elderly women feel poverty; older women appear loss will increase the possibility of subjective poverty and age, education level, occupation is not significantly impact the nature before the age of 60 on elderly women's subjective poverty; the number of children in the family factors, the evaluation of the elder women's own economic conditions and recent living children where the impact is not obvious; the community environment, namely horizontal elderly women and people around them on their own subjective feelings of economic The impact is not significant.
According to the conclusion of this study, we put forward specific countermeasures and suggestions for alleviating the subjective poverty problem of rural elderly women at the end of the article. At the same time, we also pointed out the limitations of this article, and prospected the future research of subjective poverty.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：C913.68

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號(hào)：1392922