我國農(nóng)村精準(zhǔn)扶貧存在的問題及對策分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-21 19:25
【摘要】：反貧困研究和實(shí)踐一直是全世界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。改革開放以來,我國大力推進(jìn)扶貧開發(fā)工作,貧困地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、農(nóng)民收入、社會保障、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)都有了較大的變化,農(nóng)村貧困人口大幅減少。黨的十八大召開以后,面對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展新常態(tài),針對我國扶貧工作中的新情況、新問題,黨中央提出了以"精準(zhǔn)識別、精準(zhǔn)幫扶、精準(zhǔn)管理、精準(zhǔn)考核"為主要內(nèi)容的精準(zhǔn)扶貧新模式,各地按照中央要求都進(jìn)行了有益的嘗試和探索,取得了一定的成效。但是,部分地區(qū)在精準(zhǔn)扶貧過程中,由于經(jīng)驗(yàn)缺乏、認(rèn)識不夠、措施不力等原因,產(chǎn)生了一系列的問題,以東平縣戴廟鎮(zhèn)為實(shí)例,主要表現(xiàn)在:識別過程中,群眾參與度不高、程序不夠民主、方法不夠科學(xué)的問題;幫扶過程中,缺少全面系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃、產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧力度不夠、過分重視個體脫貧、精神幫扶措施較少的問題;管理過程中,扶貧對象固化、高素質(zhì)工作人員缺乏、扶貧資金管理不科學(xué)的問題;考核過程中,村級干部缺少監(jiān)督、駐村幫扶人員考核形式化、考核結(jié)果運(yùn)用使用不科學(xué)的問題。針對精準(zhǔn)扶貧中的一系列問題,認(rèn)真分析存在問題原因,主要包括:農(nóng)民個體方面,對精準(zhǔn)扶貧政策認(rèn)識不到位、傳統(tǒng)錯誤思想的影響、客觀參與村級事務(wù)機(jī)會不多;村級組織方面,村"兩委"班子作用不明顯、村級財(cái)務(wù)狀況較差、"空心化"現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重、宗族勢力綁架扶貧資金使用、相應(yīng)監(jiān)管制度缺乏;地方政府方面,扶貧工作力量相對薄弱、執(zhí)行政策不到位、存在推諉扯皮現(xiàn)象、考核體系不科學(xué);駐村幫扶工作隊(duì)方面,較少介入村級事務(wù)、過分注重形象工程、針對考核任務(wù)開展工作;社會方面,社會扶貧關(guān)注度不高、扶貧資金來源單一。論文在查找問題、分析原因的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了精準(zhǔn)扶貧工作的對策建議:精準(zhǔn)識別方面,加大政策宣傳力度、堅(jiān)持民主公開、采取科學(xué)方法、嚴(yán)格政策要求;精準(zhǔn)幫扶方面,實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧、實(shí)施保障扶貧、實(shí)施安居扶貧、統(tǒng)籌好"兩個關(guān)系"、充分發(fā)揮駐村幫扶工作隊(duì)作用;精準(zhǔn)管理方面,科學(xué)管理扶貧信息、發(fā)揮扶貧資金整合效益、多方吸引社會扶貧資源、加強(qiáng)精準(zhǔn)扶貧工作宣傳力度、加強(qiáng)基層干部隊(duì)伍建設(shè);精準(zhǔn)考核方面,建立健全科學(xué)考核體系、引入第三方評估考核方式、探索考核結(jié)果科學(xué)運(yùn)用方式。
[Abstract]:Anti-poverty research and practice has been the focus of attention all over the world. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, our country has vigorously promoted the work of poverty alleviation and development. The infrastructure, farmers' income, social security and industrial structure in poor areas have all undergone great changes, and the number of poor people in rural areas has decreased substantially. After the 18th National Congress of the Party, in the face of the new normal of economic and social development, and in view of the new situation and new problems in poverty alleviation work in our country, the party Central Committee has proposed to "identify accurately, help accurately, and manage with precision." Precision assessment "as the main content of the new model of precision poverty alleviation, in accordance with the central authorities have carried out beneficial attempts and explorations, and achieved certain results." However, in some areas, due to lack of experience, insufficient understanding, inadequate measures, and other reasons in the process of precision poverty alleviation, a series of problems have arisen. Take Dai Miao Town in Dongping County as an example, the main manifestation is: in the process of identification, the participation of the masses is not high. The problem that the procedure is not democratic and the method is not scientific; In the process of helping, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic planning, insufficient poverty alleviation in industry, too much emphasis on individual poverty relief, and less mental help measures. In the process of management, the object of poverty alleviation is fixed, the staff of high quality is lacking, and the fund management of poverty alleviation is not scientific; In the process of assessment, the village cadres lack supervision, the evaluation of the support personnel in the village is formalized, and the application of the assessment results is not scientific. In view of a series of problems in precision poverty alleviation, this paper analyzes the causes of these problems, including: farmers' individual aspects, lack of understanding of precision poverty alleviation policy, influence of traditional wrong ideas, and lack of opportunities to participate in village affairs objectively; In the aspect of village organization, the role of village "two committees" is not obvious, the financial situation of village is poor, the phenomenon of "hollowing out" is serious, the clan forces kidnap and use poverty alleviation funds, and the corresponding supervision system is lacking; In the local government, the work of poverty alleviation is relatively weak, the implementation policy is not in place, the phenomenon of prevarication exists, and the examination system is not scientific; In the aspect of village support task force, less involvement in village level affairs, too much attention to image engineering, work on assessment tasks; social aspects, social poverty alleviation attention is not high, the source of poverty alleviation funds is single. On the basis of finding out the problems and analyzing the reasons, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the work of precision poverty alleviation: in the aspect of precision identification, we should strengthen the propaganda of policies, insist on democracy and openness, adopt scientific methods, and strictly enforce the policy requirements; In the aspect of precision assistance, we should implement industry poverty alleviation, guarantee poverty alleviation, implement poverty alleviation by living in peace, coordinate the "two relations", and give full play to the role of the village support task force; In the aspect of precision management, we should scientifically manage the information of poverty alleviation, give full play to the benefit of the integration of poverty alleviation funds, attract social poverty alleviation resources in many ways, strengthen the propaganda of precision poverty alleviation, and strengthen the building of grass-roots cadres. In terms of precision assessment, we should establish and perfect the scientific assessment system, introduce the third party assessment and examine, and explore the scientific application of the assessment results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F323.8
本文編號：2427817
[Abstract]:Anti-poverty research and practice has been the focus of attention all over the world. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, our country has vigorously promoted the work of poverty alleviation and development. The infrastructure, farmers' income, social security and industrial structure in poor areas have all undergone great changes, and the number of poor people in rural areas has decreased substantially. After the 18th National Congress of the Party, in the face of the new normal of economic and social development, and in view of the new situation and new problems in poverty alleviation work in our country, the party Central Committee has proposed to "identify accurately, help accurately, and manage with precision." Precision assessment "as the main content of the new model of precision poverty alleviation, in accordance with the central authorities have carried out beneficial attempts and explorations, and achieved certain results." However, in some areas, due to lack of experience, insufficient understanding, inadequate measures, and other reasons in the process of precision poverty alleviation, a series of problems have arisen. Take Dai Miao Town in Dongping County as an example, the main manifestation is: in the process of identification, the participation of the masses is not high. The problem that the procedure is not democratic and the method is not scientific; In the process of helping, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic planning, insufficient poverty alleviation in industry, too much emphasis on individual poverty relief, and less mental help measures. In the process of management, the object of poverty alleviation is fixed, the staff of high quality is lacking, and the fund management of poverty alleviation is not scientific; In the process of assessment, the village cadres lack supervision, the evaluation of the support personnel in the village is formalized, and the application of the assessment results is not scientific. In view of a series of problems in precision poverty alleviation, this paper analyzes the causes of these problems, including: farmers' individual aspects, lack of understanding of precision poverty alleviation policy, influence of traditional wrong ideas, and lack of opportunities to participate in village affairs objectively; In the aspect of village organization, the role of village "two committees" is not obvious, the financial situation of village is poor, the phenomenon of "hollowing out" is serious, the clan forces kidnap and use poverty alleviation funds, and the corresponding supervision system is lacking; In the local government, the work of poverty alleviation is relatively weak, the implementation policy is not in place, the phenomenon of prevarication exists, and the examination system is not scientific; In the aspect of village support task force, less involvement in village level affairs, too much attention to image engineering, work on assessment tasks; social aspects, social poverty alleviation attention is not high, the source of poverty alleviation funds is single. On the basis of finding out the problems and analyzing the reasons, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the work of precision poverty alleviation: in the aspect of precision identification, we should strengthen the propaganda of policies, insist on democracy and openness, adopt scientific methods, and strictly enforce the policy requirements; In the aspect of precision assistance, we should implement industry poverty alleviation, guarantee poverty alleviation, implement poverty alleviation by living in peace, coordinate the "two relations", and give full play to the role of the village support task force; In the aspect of precision management, we should scientifically manage the information of poverty alleviation, give full play to the benefit of the integration of poverty alleviation funds, attract social poverty alleviation resources in many ways, strengthen the propaganda of precision poverty alleviation, and strengthen the building of grass-roots cadres. In terms of precision assessment, we should establish and perfect the scientific assessment system, introduce the third party assessment and examine, and explore the scientific application of the assessment results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F323.8
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