【摘要】：隨著世界各國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長及科技進(jìn)步,人類壽命逐漸延長,人口結(jié)構(gòu)正日趨老齡化,這對各國的老年護(hù)理體系的構(gòu)建和完善提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。盡管人口老齡化程度在不同國家和地區(qū)存在差異,應(yīng)對老齡化問題的對策也各有不同,但在全球化背景下,借鑒他國優(yōu)秀經(jīng)驗,探索適合本國的老年護(hù)理制度,可行而且很有必要。日本是老齡化問題最嚴(yán)重的國家之一,在發(fā)達(dá)國家中,其老齡化速度最快、老齡化指數(shù)最高。早在1970年,日本65歲以上老年人口已超過了總?cè)丝诘?%,邁入了老齡化社會,該比例逐年上升,到2013年已經(jīng)高達(dá)24.1%。在老年人護(hù)理問題上,日本也較早地開始了探索。2000年開始實施的《護(hù)理保險法》,更是將日本的護(hù)理保險制度建設(shè)推進(jìn)了一個新的階段,在解決龐大的老年人口照料、護(hù)理服務(wù)需求中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。中國在1999年已進(jìn)入老齡化社會,老年人口的規(guī)模及其護(hù)理服務(wù)等需求在不斷增大。中日兩國歷史上同屬一個文化圈,有著相似的養(yǎng)老文化,因此,借鑒日本老年護(hù)理體系構(gòu)建的經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn),探索適合我國的老年護(hù)理模式,對于建立和健全中國特色的社會保障體系,具有積極的現(xiàn)實意義。本論通過對中日兩國老齡化特點及老年護(hù)理現(xiàn)狀的對比考察,認(rèn)為當(dāng)前建立和完善我國的老年護(hù)理體系,首先需要制定和完善相關(guān)的法律法規(guī);其次,要解決護(hù)理能力不足的問題;基于我國當(dāng)前護(hù)理能力不足以及地區(qū)差異普遍存在的特點,要推進(jìn)地區(qū)統(tǒng)括護(hù)理體系的建成,重視老年人社會適應(yīng)的指導(dǎo)和扶持以及疾病預(yù)防,動員各方面力量,積極應(yīng)對已經(jīng)到來的老齡化社會。
[Abstract]:With the economic growth and scientific and technological progress in the world, the human life span is gradually prolonged, and the population structure is aging day by day, which poses a new challenge to the construction and improvement of the nursing system for the elderly in various countries. Although the degree of population aging is different in different countries and regions, and the countermeasures to deal with the problem of aging are different, in the context of globalization, learning from the excellent experience of other countries and exploring the appropriate care system for the elderly in their own country, It is feasible and necessary. Japan is one of the most serious aging countries. Among developed countries, Japan has the fastest aging rate and the highest aging index. As early as 1970, the number of older people over 65 years old in Japan has exceeded 7% of the total population, entering an aging society. The proportion has risen year by year, reaching 24.1% by 2013. On the issue of nursing for the elderly, Japan has also begun to explore earlier. The "Nursing Insurance Law", which was put into effect in 2000, has pushed forward the construction of Japan's nursing insurance system to a new stage, in solving the problem of caring for a large number of elderly people. Nursing service demand plays an important role. China has entered an aging society in 1999, the size of the elderly population and nursing services and other needs are increasing. China and Japan belong to the same cultural circle in history and have similar old-age care culture. Therefore, we should learn from the experiences and lessons of the construction of Japanese geriatric care system, and explore the model of geriatric nursing suitable for our country. For the establishment and improvement of the social security system with Chinese characteristics, has positive practical significance. Based on the comparative investigation of the characteristics of aging in China and Japan and the current situation of geriatric nursing, the author thinks that to establish and perfect the geriatric nursing system of our country at present, we should first formulate and perfect the relevant laws and regulations. Secondly, the problem of insufficient nursing ability should be solved. Based on the characteristics of deficiency of nursing ability and regional differences in China, it is necessary to promote the establishment of regional omnibus nursing system, attach importance to the guidance and support of social adaptation of the elderly and the prevention of diseases, and mobilize various forces. Actively respond to the arrival of an aging society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R47;D669.6

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