基于人力資本視角下的中國彈性退休制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-11 10:30
【摘要】：退休是勞動經(jīng)濟學的重要研究領(lǐng)域,也是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)方式的產(chǎn)物。隨著世界各國社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,人口老齡化日趨嚴峻,退休制度改革成為了學術(shù)界熱議的焦點和各國日益關(guān)注的議題。近年來,很多發(fā)達國家紛紛采取不同方式的彈性退休制度改革,并獲得初步成效,有效的緩解了國內(nèi)壓力,并為其他國家起到了示范作用。 在中國,退休制度仍舊沿用上個世紀的制度設(shè)計,隨著中國社會結(jié)構(gòu)的變遷,人口結(jié)構(gòu)的演變和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的革新,在經(jīng)過半個多世紀的實踐后,該制度暴露出許多與現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展不相適應(yīng)的地方,其制度的僵硬性與滯后性嚴重阻礙社會保障體系的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,造成了很大的財政缺口和人力資源浪費,退休制度改革特別是延遲退休的呼聲日漸高漲。 筆者認為,退休制度的改革不是一個獨立的決策,而是與其他制度相契合,并且是一個多方動態(tài)博弈的過程。同時改革的實質(zhì)在于以人為本,特別是在人力資源豐富的中國,應(yīng)該更加重點考慮人力資本所發(fā)揮的重要性。因此,本文從人力資本角度出發(fā),采用理論研究與規(guī)范研究相結(jié)合、定量和定性分析為依據(jù)的分析方法,分析退休改革中人力資本作用的效果。在借鑒國外彈性退休制度和上海試行柔性退休改革的經(jīng)驗基礎(chǔ)上,分析彈性退休制度建立的現(xiàn)實意義。同時,基于數(shù)據(jù)從個人和企業(yè)的角度分析延遲退休的可行性,并得出改革是一個國家、企業(yè)和個人三方博弈的動態(tài)調(diào)整過程的結(jié)論。最后,本文為彈性退休制度的建立提出相應(yīng)的合理建議。 全文分為七部分： 第一部分,緒論。簡要介紹選題背景及意義,國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻綜述和研究方法及創(chuàng)新點。 第二部分,闡述中國退休制度的發(fā)展和現(xiàn)有退休制度,并分析現(xiàn)行退休制度存在的缺陷和制度改革可能存在的困境。 第三部分,彈性退休制度建立的理論基礎(chǔ)。從勞動經(jīng)濟學角度上進行理論分析：人力資本理論、代際交疊理論、社會公平理論和勞動力市場分割理論。 第四部分,彈性退休退休制度建立的理論分析。基于人力資本視角對延遲退休的影響進行分析。首先,分析人力資本的影響因素。其次,從質(zhì)量和數(shù)量上分別討論延遲退休對人力資本的影響結(jié)果。 第五部分,彈性退休制度建立的現(xiàn)實意義。首先介紹其他國家實行彈性退休的成功經(jīng)驗和對我國產(chǎn)生的啟示,主要選取國家：美國,法國,日本,德國,瑞典和英國。然后例舉上海首先試行柔性退休的現(xiàn)實意義和進一步的改革啟不。 第六部分,延遲退休制度建立的模擬實證分析。分別從個人角度和企業(yè)角度,利用切實數(shù)據(jù)分析不同條件下的最優(yōu)退休年齡以及延遲退休情況下企業(yè)相應(yīng)的工資調(diào)整,并總結(jié)出實行延遲退休是政府、企業(yè)和個人的三方動態(tài)博弈的過程。 第七部分,彈性退休制度建立的政策建議。以循序漸進、差別對待、公平效率和動態(tài)調(diào)整為原則,為彈性退休改革提出切實可行的合理政策建議,一是嚴格抑制非正常提前退休,二是建立和完善市場導(dǎo)向的就業(yè)機制,三是實現(xiàn)基本養(yǎng)老金彈性化給付,建立激勵機制,四是改革相關(guān)制度,保證彈性退休制度推行的可行性和有效性。最后進行全文總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Retirement is an important research field of labor economics and a product of modern production mode. With the development of social economy and the change of population structure in the world, the aging of population is becoming more and more serious. The reform of retirement system has become a hot topic in academic circles and a topic of increasing concern in various countries. The same way of flexible retirement system reform, and achieved initial results, effectively alleviated domestic pressure, and for other countries to play a model role.
In China, the retirement system still follows the system design of the last century. With the change of China's social structure, the evolution of population structure and the innovation of industrial structure, after more than half a century of practice, the retirement system has exposed many places that are incompatible with the development of modern economy and society. The rigidity and lag of the system are seriously hindered. It hinders the sustainable development of the social security system, resulting in a great financial gap and waste of human resources, and calls for the reform of the retirement system, especially the postponement of retirement, are rising.
The author holds that the reform of the retirement system is not an independent decision-making, but a multi-party dynamic game process, which is in accordance with other systems. At the same time, the essence of the reform lies in putting people first, especially in China, where human resources are abundant, we should pay more attention to the importance of human capital. From this point of view, the effect of human capital in the retirement reform is analyzed by combining theoretical research with normative research, quantitative and qualitative analysis. The practical significance of the establishment of flexible retirement system is analyzed on the basis of the experience of foreign flexible retirement system and Shanghai's trial flexible retirement reform. Data from the perspective of individuals and enterprises to analyze the feasibility of postponing retirement, and draw a conclusion that the reform is a country, enterprises and individuals three-party game dynamic adjustment process.
The full text is divided into seven parts.
The first part is the introduction, which briefly introduces the background and significance of the topic, the literature review and research methods and innovations at home and abroad.
The second part expounds the development of China's retirement system and the existing retirement system, and analyzes the defects of the current retirement system and the possible difficulties of the system reform.
The third part is the theoretical basis for the establishment of flexible retirement system. From the perspective of labor economics, theoretical analysis: human capital theory, intergenerational overlap theory, social equity theory and labor market segmentation theory.
The fourth part is the theoretical analysis of the establishment of flexible retirement system. Based on the perspective of human capital, this paper analyzes the impact of delayed retirement.
Fifth part, the practical significance of flexible retirement system. First, it introduces the successful experience of other countries in implementing flexible retirement and Its Enlightenment to our country, mainly selected countries: the United States, France, Japan, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
The sixth part is the simulation and empirical analysis of the establishment of the deferred retirement system.From the individual and enterprise perspectives, this paper analyzes the optimal retirement age under different conditions and the corresponding wage adjustment under deferred retirement by using the practical data, and concludes that the implementation of deferred retirement is a three-party dynamic game process between the government, enterprises and individuals.
The seventh part is about the policy suggestions for the establishment of flexible retirement system. Based on the principles of gradual progress, differential treatment, fairness and efficiency, and dynamic adjustment, some feasible and reasonable policy suggestions are put forward for the reform of flexible retirement. Firstly, the abnormal early retirement should be strictly restrained; secondly, the market-oriented employment mechanism should be established and improved; and thirdly, the basic pension elasticity should be realized. Fourth, reform the relevant system to ensure the feasibility and effectiveness of the implementation of the flexible retirement system. Finally, the full text is summarized.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F249.21
[Abstract]:Retirement is an important research field of labor economics and a product of modern production mode. With the development of social economy and the change of population structure in the world, the aging of population is becoming more and more serious. The reform of retirement system has become a hot topic in academic circles and a topic of increasing concern in various countries. The same way of flexible retirement system reform, and achieved initial results, effectively alleviated domestic pressure, and for other countries to play a model role.
In China, the retirement system still follows the system design of the last century. With the change of China's social structure, the evolution of population structure and the innovation of industrial structure, after more than half a century of practice, the retirement system has exposed many places that are incompatible with the development of modern economy and society. The rigidity and lag of the system are seriously hindered. It hinders the sustainable development of the social security system, resulting in a great financial gap and waste of human resources, and calls for the reform of the retirement system, especially the postponement of retirement, are rising.
The author holds that the reform of the retirement system is not an independent decision-making, but a multi-party dynamic game process, which is in accordance with other systems. At the same time, the essence of the reform lies in putting people first, especially in China, where human resources are abundant, we should pay more attention to the importance of human capital. From this point of view, the effect of human capital in the retirement reform is analyzed by combining theoretical research with normative research, quantitative and qualitative analysis. The practical significance of the establishment of flexible retirement system is analyzed on the basis of the experience of foreign flexible retirement system and Shanghai's trial flexible retirement reform. Data from the perspective of individuals and enterprises to analyze the feasibility of postponing retirement, and draw a conclusion that the reform is a country, enterprises and individuals three-party game dynamic adjustment process.
The full text is divided into seven parts.
The first part is the introduction, which briefly introduces the background and significance of the topic, the literature review and research methods and innovations at home and abroad.
The second part expounds the development of China's retirement system and the existing retirement system, and analyzes the defects of the current retirement system and the possible difficulties of the system reform.
The third part is the theoretical basis for the establishment of flexible retirement system. From the perspective of labor economics, theoretical analysis: human capital theory, intergenerational overlap theory, social equity theory and labor market segmentation theory.
The fourth part is the theoretical analysis of the establishment of flexible retirement system. Based on the perspective of human capital, this paper analyzes the impact of delayed retirement.
Fifth part, the practical significance of flexible retirement system. First, it introduces the successful experience of other countries in implementing flexible retirement and Its Enlightenment to our country, mainly selected countries: the United States, France, Japan, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
The sixth part is the simulation and empirical analysis of the establishment of the deferred retirement system.From the individual and enterprise perspectives, this paper analyzes the optimal retirement age under different conditions and the corresponding wage adjustment under deferred retirement by using the practical data, and concludes that the implementation of deferred retirement is a three-party dynamic game process between the government, enterprises and individuals.
The seventh part is about the policy suggestions for the establishment of flexible retirement system. Based on the principles of gradual progress, differential treatment, fairness and efficiency, and dynamic adjustment, some feasible and reasonable policy suggestions are put forward for the reform of flexible retirement. Firstly, the abnormal early retirement should be strictly restrained; secondly, the market-oriented employment mechanism should be established and improved; and thirdly, the basic pension elasticity should be realized. Fourth, reform the relevant system to ensure the feasibility and effectiveness of the implementation of the flexible retirement system. Finally, the full text is summarized.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F249.21
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