發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 07:37

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了婦女地位的提高,婦女就業(yè)比例不斷提高,與此同時(shí)婦女的生育行為越來越得到關(guān)注和重視,生育不僅是個(gè)人行為,使家庭得以延續(xù),傳承香火,生育還具有社會(huì)價(jià)值,是社會(huì)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中不可分割的部分。它關(guān)系著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,國家的進(jìn)步及整個(gè)人類的延續(xù)。生育保險(xiǎn)作為社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)之一,處于社會(huì)保障體系中,指在婦女在生育過程中,可以得到政府和社會(huì)提供的醫(yī)療保健及生育補(bǔ)助,尤其是對處于弱勢地位的生育人扶持與救助。因此,對生育保險(xiǎn)的研究與探索也是我國社會(huì)保障事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展的要求。生育保險(xiǎn)在我國仍是以小險(xiǎn)種的身份出現(xiàn)并且目前隨著國家的轉(zhuǎn)型,我國的生育保險(xiǎn)的制度設(shè)計(jì)確實(shí)有失公平。所以解決生育保險(xiǎn)的公平問題,是保障婦女生育權(quán)益的重要手段。本文以各種資料的查閱為基礎(chǔ),試圖生育保險(xiǎn)的公平問題進(jìn)行粗略探討。本文從生育保險(xiǎn)的理論基礎(chǔ)入手,為下文提出我國生育保險(xiǎn)的公平問題及對策作鋪墊。同時(shí)作了相關(guān)的概念厘定、生育保險(xiǎn)和其它保險(xiǎn)的比價(jià)及生育保險(xiǎn)公平性的概述。從而使讀者能夠更好了解文章的論點(diǎn)。接著,文章闡述了我國生育保險(xiǎn)的建立和現(xiàn)狀�，F(xiàn)狀分析主要從政策要素的構(gòu)成四個(gè)方面入手,包括主體、客體、資源和運(yùn)行。第三章結(jié)合現(xiàn)狀分析及訪談內(nèi)容總結(jié)提出了本文的論點(diǎn)—生育保險(xiǎn)的公平問題,從群體公平問題,負(fù)擔(dān)公平問題和區(qū)域公平問題三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了剖析。同時(shí)分析產(chǎn)生公平問題的原因。為了針對公平問題,提出更有效地對策,在第四章介紹了國外生育保險(xiǎn)的基本情況,試圖尋找國外生育保險(xiǎn)公平性建設(shè)的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。最后在產(chǎn)生公平問題的原因分析和國外經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒的基礎(chǔ)上,提出解決我國生育保險(xiǎn)公平問題的對策,首先要確立公平性的價(jià)值取向—公平和效率的統(tǒng)一,其次依據(jù)公平理論從機(jī)會(huì)公平、程序公平和分配公平三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行制度設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施。同時(shí)文章又從七個(gè)方面提出了針對性的具體措施,以便更好地輔助三個(gè)方面的制度設(shè)計(jì)。目前“全面二孩”政策的放開,二胎的生育問題接踵而來,這也是生育保險(xiǎn)制度面臨的一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。二胎生育的媽媽有更大的生育壓力和生育成本,因此加強(qiáng)對婦女生育權(quán)益的維護(hù)至關(guān)重要,加快我國現(xiàn)有的生育保險(xiǎn)制度的改革進(jìn)程是時(shí)代的需要。
[Abstract]:Economic development has promoted the advancement of women, and the proportion of women in employment has been increasing. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to women's reproductive behavior. Fertility is not only an individual behavior, so that families can continue and inherit incense. Fertility also has social value, is an inseparable part of social production activities. It is related to the development of society, the progress of the country and the continuation of mankind as a whole. As one of the social insurance, maternity insurance is in the social security system, which means that women can get medical care and maternity subsidies provided by the government and society in the process of childbearing, especially for those who are in a weak position. Therefore, the research and exploration of birth insurance is also the requirement of the vigorous development of social security in China. Birth insurance still appears as a kind of small insurance in our country, and with the transition of our country, the system design of birth insurance in our country is really unfair. Therefore, to solve the equity of birth insurance is an important means to protect women's reproductive rights and interests. Based on various references, this paper tries to discuss the equity of birth insurance roughly. Starting with the theoretical basis of birth insurance, this paper paves the way for putting forward the equity problems and countermeasures of birth insurance in China. At the same time, the related concepts are defined, the comparison between birth insurance and other insurance and the equity of birth insurance are summarized. So that readers can better understand the argument of the article. Then, the article elaborated our country birth insurance establishment and the present situation. The present situation analysis mainly starts from four aspects of policy elements, including subject, object, resource and operation. In the third chapter, the author puts forward the argument of this paper based on the analysis of the present situation and the summary of the interview content, which is analyzed from three aspects: group equity, burden equity and regional equity. At the same time, it analyzes the causes of the equity problem. In order to solve the problem of equity, the author introduces the basic situation of birth insurance abroad and tries to find out the advanced experience in the construction of equity of birth insurance in foreign countries. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the causes of the problem of equity and the experience of foreign countries, the author puts forward the countermeasures to solve the problem of fairness in China's birth insurance. Firstly, it is necessary to establish the value orientation of fairness-the unity of fairness and efficiency. Secondly, according to the theory of fairness, the system is designed and implemented from three aspects: fair opportunity, fair procedure and fair distribution. At the same time, the paper puts forward specific measures from seven aspects in order to better assist the system design of three aspects. At present, with the opening of the policy of "two-child", the problem of second-child birth comes one after another, which is also a challenge to the birth insurance system. Second-born mothers have greater pressure and cost, so it is very important to strengthen the protection of women's reproductive rights and interests. It is necessary for the times to speed up the reform of china's current birth insurance system
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F842.617

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