【摘要】：我國政府已經(jīng)分別針對城市和農(nóng)村的低收入人群實施了社會救助制度,并取得了初步成效,尤其在“緩解城鄉(xiāng)貧富差異、促進社會公平、維護社會和諧穩(wěn)定、保障民生”等方面發(fā)揮了顯著的作用。然而,隨著我國邁入經(jīng)濟發(fā)展新常態(tài),以及城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的逐步破解和戶籍制度的改革,我國城鄉(xiāng)居民實施的“分離式”居民最低生活保障制度已經(jīng)在實施的過程中暴露出了諸多問題,亟待進行改革。因而,在當(dāng)前不斷縮小城鄉(xiāng)差異,促進農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的大背景下,對于我國政府來說,借鑒國際先進的社會救助經(jīng)驗,促進我國城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障制度不斷完善,具有十分重要的意義。本文在闡述了居民最低生活保障含義和基礎(chǔ)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,分別對我國城市和農(nóng)村居民最低生活保障制度的發(fā)展歷程進行了詳細描述,并闡述了實施城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障在我國取得的成效,進而分析了當(dāng)前我國城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障制度存在的問題。通過對社會保障實施較為完善和成功的國家進行闡述,并得到了一定的啟發(fā)和經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,從政府完善最低生活保障制度的視角,基于“制度建立、制度運行、政府責(zé)任”三個層面,探尋了我國政府應(yīng)分別從“加強貧困家庭收入核算,健全相關(guān)監(jiān)督機制和操作規(guī)程”、“調(diào)整城鄉(xiāng)低保制度框架,兼顧救助對象的多樣性和復(fù)雜性”、“合理確定低保救助標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在重視公平的基礎(chǔ)上提升效率”、“完善低保管理機構(gòu),提高工作人員的專業(yè)素質(zhì)”、“建立穩(wěn)定的低保資金供給機制,確保低保資金籌集”等幾個方面探究了完善我國城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障制度的對策建議。
[Abstract]:The Chinese government has implemented a social assistance system for low-income people in urban and rural areas, and has achieved initial results, especially in "alleviating the gap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas, promoting social equity, and maintaining social harmony and stability." Protection of people's livelihood "and other aspects have played a significant role." However, as China enters the new normal of economic development, the dual structure of urban and rural areas is gradually cracked and the household registration system is reformed. There are many problems in the implementation of the "separate" minimum living security system for urban and rural residents in China, which need to be reformed urgently. Therefore, under the background of narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and promoting the development of rural economy, for our government, we should learn from the international advanced experience of social assistance and promote the improvement of the minimum living security system of urban and rural residents in our country. It is of great significance. On the basis of expounding the meaning and basic theory of the minimum living security of residents, this paper describes in detail the development course of the minimum living security system of urban and rural residents in China. The paper also expounds the effect of implementing the minimum living security system of urban and rural residents in China, and then analyzes the problems existing in the system of minimum living security for urban and rural residents in China. Through the elaboration of the countries where the implementation of social security is relatively perfect and successful, and on the basis of certain inspiration and experience, from the perspective of the government to perfect the minimum living security system, it is based on "the establishment of the system, the operation of the system," From the three aspects of government responsibility, this paper explores that our government should strengthen the income accounting of poor families, improve the relevant supervision mechanism and operation rules, adjust the framework of urban and rural minimum security system, and take into account the diversity and complexity of the relief objects. "to rationally determine the minimum living standard, to improve efficiency on the basis of fairness", "to improve the management of the minimum living standard, to improve the professional quality of the staff", and "to establish a stable mechanism for the provision of funds for the minimum living standard," This paper probes into the countermeasures and suggestions for perfecting the minimum living security system of urban and rural residents in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D632.1;D630

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