本文選題：農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移 + 制度變遷�。� 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：在工業(yè)化進程中,傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)與現(xiàn)代非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)之間的相對收入差異,誘使農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力向非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)和城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移,農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的轉(zhuǎn)移,是農(nóng)民追求自身利益最大化的理性選擇的結(jié)果,也是世界各國工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化的普遍趨勢。促進農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移,是加快推進工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的必然要求。 拉美發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)民可以根據(jù)自己的意愿和能力,自主選擇向城鎮(zhèn)遷移定居。與此不同,我國勞動力城鄉(xiāng)分割的管理體制及其一系列制度,成為農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的森嚴(yán)壁壘,改革與變遷相應(yīng)的體制與制度,才能促進農(nóng)村勞動力的自主轉(zhuǎn)移。 改革開放30多年來,隨著制度變遷,我國農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移取得了巨大成就：2009年全國農(nóng)村勞動力外出務(wù)工1.45億人,占城鎮(zhèn)從業(yè)人數(shù)的46.7%,加上就地轉(zhuǎn)移的0.85億人,農(nóng)民工總量為2.3億人,已占我國農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力總數(shù)的49.1%和全國工人總量的2/3以上,農(nóng)民工已成為我國產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的主體,為推動經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。但我們應(yīng)清楚看到,農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移任重道遠(yuǎn),面臨復(fù)雜情況。一方面,我國勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移進入“總量過剩、結(jié)構(gòu)短缺”的年輕勞動力有限供給的新階段,尚有近億農(nóng)村剩余勞動力有待轉(zhuǎn)移；另一方面,新制度供給不足,農(nóng)民工應(yīng)有權(quán)益得不到保障、待遇不公等問題仍然十分突出,入城定居阻力重重,已成為影響農(nóng)村勞動力可持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移的頑癥,危及社會穩(wěn)定。因此,如何面對我國農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移中出現(xiàn)的新情況和突出問題,有效推進農(nóng)民工權(quán)益保障的制度化建設(shè),是促進農(nóng)村勞動力可持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移面臨的一個iu待解決的重大現(xiàn)實課題。本文對此的深入研究,不僅對從制度這個根本上切實保障農(nóng)民工應(yīng)有權(quán)益,促進農(nóng)村勞動力的可持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移,而且對解決“三農(nóng)”問題、消除城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu),維護社會穩(wěn)定,均具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 國外勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移理論,將不存在遷移的制度障礙的發(fā)達(dá)國家或拉美發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移作為研究對象,因而,制度對勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移影響問題沒有進入他們的研究視野,成為該理論的“缺項”。本文從我國市場經(jīng)濟制度不完善、勞動力流動存在明顯的制度障礙這一國情出發(fā),來研究農(nóng)村勞動力的轉(zhuǎn)移,這在一定程度上彌補了國外勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移理論的缺陷。而且,本文從動態(tài)的制度變遷視角,較深入系統(tǒng)地研究了我國農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移面臨的問題與對策,補充了目前國內(nèi)靜態(tài)研究為主的不足。 本文從制度變遷視角進入,研究我國農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移問題,旨在探索“促進我國農(nóng)村勞動力可持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移,應(yīng)該進行怎樣的制度變遷或制度安排”,圍繞這一研究目的,首先,確定了將勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移理論與新制度經(jīng)濟理論融合起來,形成對我國農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移問題研究的新視角。其次,通過實證分析,揭示三十多年來我國政府主導(dǎo)的促進農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的制度變遷的歷程、特征與不足；分析目前我國農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的新變化與農(nóng)民工面臨的主要問題及其制度原因；最后,依據(jù)目前農(nóng)民工面臨的主要問題與制度缺失,提出了促進我國農(nóng)村勞動力可持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移的制度安排構(gòu)想。 全文分三篇九章展開研究： 第一章導(dǎo)言。主要論述了選題背景與意義；論文的邏輯框架與研究方法；并對相關(guān)概念的內(nèi)涵作了界定；對論文可能性的主要創(chuàng)新點與不足作了自我評估。 第一篇,基礎(chǔ)理論研究篇,分三章論述： 一是勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移理論。第二章在大量的文獻(xiàn)檢索、整理與評述的基礎(chǔ)上,將已有的勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移理論研究成果,作為本文研究可資借鑒的基礎(chǔ)理論,與此同時,摸清該理論研究現(xiàn)狀、前沿問題及薄弱環(huán)節(jié),為本文研究從制度視角進入找到依據(jù)。 二是制度變遷理論。第三章對舊制度學(xué)派、新制度學(xué)派、新自由主義經(jīng)濟學(xué)派有關(guān)代表人物的制度變遷理論,以及馬克思主義的制度變遷理論,分別作了概述與簡評。 三是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的兩個基本條件的理論。第四章主要論證了“非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展對農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力吸納”,是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的必要條件；制度直接制約著農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動力能否轉(zhuǎn)移與能夠怎樣轉(zhuǎn)移的程度,因而對阻滯轉(zhuǎn)移舊制度進行改革與變遷,是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的充分條件。這兩個基本條件理論,為以后各章尤其第九章的研究,從這兩個基本條件入手展開分析,提供了理論依據(jù)。 第二篇,作為實證分析篇,共分四章展開實證分析研究。 第五-六章,側(cè)重于我國農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的制度變遷的實證研究。主要對改革開放30多年來,我國農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的制度變遷軌跡、特征、路徑依賴與利益博弈,以及制度變遷存在的缺陷等問題進行實證分析與研究,并闡述了地方政府對中央政府流動政策的變通行為與執(zhí)行偏差的原因。 第七章,對當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的新變化和主要特征作實證分析。認(rèn)為“新變化”集中體現(xiàn)在：我國勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移進入了年輕勞動力有限供給的新階段；新生代農(nóng)民工已成為現(xiàn)階段農(nóng)民工的主體,并歸納分析了總量、人口學(xué)、流向、流動“周期性”和流動“宿愿”等五個特征。 第八章,主要從制度視角,對當(dāng)前農(nóng)民工面臨的主要問題及其制度缺失,作進一步的實證分析。認(rèn)為當(dāng)前農(nóng)民工面臨的困境的根源仍在于制度缺失：包括維護農(nóng)民工權(quán)益仍缺乏必要的制度安排；某些制度設(shè)計有缺陷,使其發(fā)揮不了應(yīng)有作用；某些新制度安排事實上沒很好實行,也是一種制度缺失；某些制度安排沒有突破制度環(huán)境的制約,不能從根本上解決問題；維護農(nóng)民工權(quán)益的制度安排,仍停留在政策、規(guī)定層次,尚缺乏法律、法規(guī)的完整有效保護。 第三篇,對策探索篇,即第九章。從“農(nóng)民工權(quán)益保障制度化,促進轉(zhuǎn)移”,以及“制定相應(yīng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策,促使非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)吸納更多勞動力,促進轉(zhuǎn)移”這兩個方面入手,對促進轉(zhuǎn)移的制度安排提出了自己的構(gòu)想。 “保障農(nóng)民工權(quán)益,促進轉(zhuǎn)移”的制度安排設(shè)計,主要針對目前農(nóng)村勞動轉(zhuǎn)移所面臨的主要問題與困難,從六個方面切入：必須建立與完善農(nóng)民工公平合理的工資制度,這是當(dāng)前維護農(nóng)民工權(quán)益最重要的一項制度安排；建立統(tǒng)一的社會保障制度和公共服務(wù)體系,使農(nóng)民工享有公平待遇的權(quán)利；建立和健全城鄉(xiāng)一體化的勞動力就業(yè)服務(wù)制度,為農(nóng)民工的就業(yè)機會均等化和就業(yè)能力的提高創(chuàng)造制度條件；加快戶籍制度改革,逐步解決城鎮(zhèn)落戶定居問題；增強農(nóng)民工維權(quán)的立法強度,提高執(zhí)行力度,以確保新制度的落實到位；造就包容的城市人文環(huán)境,促進農(nóng)民工融入城市生活。 制定促進非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)吸納更多勞動力的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策應(yīng)包括：支持勞動密集型和服務(wù)型產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策；扶植中小企業(yè)的政策；鼓勵勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)由東部沿海向中西部轉(zhuǎn)移的政策；鼓勵和扶植農(nóng)民工回鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)政策；促進大中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的政策等。
[Abstract]:In the process of industrialization , the relative income difference between the traditional agricultural industry and the modern non - agricultural industry induces the transfer of the agricultural labor force to the non - agricultural industry and the towns and the transfer of the agricultural labor force . It is the result of the rational choice of the farmers pursuing their own interests and the general trend of the industrialization and urbanization of the countries in the world .

In Latin America , farmers in developing countries can choose to resettle in towns according to their wishes and abilities . In contrast , the management system and a series of systems of urban and rural separation in our country form a strong barrier to the transfer of agricultural labor force , and the corresponding system and system can be reformed and changed in order to promote the autonomous transfer of rural labor force .

Over the past 30 years since the reform and opening - up , with the institutional change , the transfer of surplus rural labor in our country has made great achievements . In 2009 , China ' s rural labor force went out by 145 million people , accounting for 48.7 % of the total number of workers in the country and 2 / 3 of the total number of workers in the country . However , we should clearly see that the transfer of surplus labor force in China has become the main body of our country , and it is confronted with the complicated situation . On the one hand , China ' s labor force shifts into a new stage of limited supply of young labor force with a surplus of surplus and structure , and there are still more than 1 billion rural surplus labor force to be transferred ;
On the other hand , the insufficiency of the new system , the lack of security of the rural migrant workers , the unequal treatment and the like , are still outstanding , and the settlement resistance of the migrant workers has become a serious realistic subject which affects the sustainable transfer of rural labor force . Therefore , how to effectively guarantee the sustainable transfer of rural labor force is to promote the sustainable transfer of rural labor force , and to solve the problem of " three peasants " , to eliminate the dual structure of urban and rural areas and to maintain social stability .

This paper studies the transfer of rural labor force from the perspective of the imperfect market economy system and the obvious institutional obstacle of labor mobility . This paper studies the problems and countermeasures of the transfer of rural labor force in our country from the perspective of dynamic institutional change , and supplements the shortage of current domestic static research .

From the perspective of institutional change , this paper studies the transfer of rural labor force in our country , and aims at exploring how to promote the sustainable transfer of rural labor force in our country .
This paper analyzes the new changes of rural labor transfer in China and the main problems faced by migrant workers and their institutional reasons .
Finally , according to the main problems and the lack of system , this paper puts forward the idea of promoting the sustainable transfer of rural labor force in China .

The full text is divided into three chapters :

The first chapter introduces the background and significance of the topic selection .
The logical framework and research methods of the thesis ;
The connotation of the concept is also defined .
The main innovation points and shortcomings of the paper ' s possibility are self - assessed .

The first , basic theory research , divided into three chapters :

One is the theory of labor transfer . In chapter 2 , based on a great deal of literature search , compilation and comment , the research results of labor transfer theory have been studied as the basic theory to be used for reference in this paper . At the same time , we find out the present situation , frontier problems and weak links of the theory research , and find the basis for the study of this paper from the system perspective .

The third chapter provides an overview and brief review on the theory of institutional change of representative figures in the old system school , the new institutional school , the neo - liberal economic school , and the theory of Marxism ' s institutional change .

The fourth chapter mainly demonstrates that the development of the non - agricultural industry is a necessary condition to realize the transfer of agricultural surplus labor force .
The system directly restricts the transfer of surplus labor force and how it can be transferred . Therefore , it is a sufficient condition to reform and change the old system of block transfer , which is a sufficient condition to realize the transfer of agricultural surplus labor force .

The second part , as an empirical analysis , is divided into four chapters to carry out positive analysis .

The fifth - sixth chapter focuses on the empirical research on the institutional change of rural labor transfer in China .

Chapter 7 : A positive analysis of the new changes and main characteristics of the current transfer of agricultural labor force . It is suggested that the " new change " is embodied in the new stage of the limited supply of the young labor force in our country ;
The new generation of migrant workers has become the main body of the migrant workers at present , and concludes five characteristics , such as the total quantity , the population , the flow direction , the flow " periodicity " and the " lodging " .

Chapter 8 , mainly from the institutional perspective , has made further empirical analysis on the main problems faced by the migrant workers and the lack of their system , and it is believed that the root causes of the plight of the migrant workers are still missing : including the lack of necessary institutional arrangements for the maintenance of the rights and interests of migrant workers ;
Some systems are designed with defects , which can not play a proper role ;
Certain new institutional arrangements are in fact not well implemented , and are also a lack of a system ;
Some institutional arrangements do not break through the system environment , and can ' t solve the problem fundamentally ;
The system arrangement of protecting the rights and interests of migrant workers still remains in the policy , lays down the hierarchy , still lacks the complete and effective protection of laws and regulations .

In the third chapter , the author puts forward some ideas on the system arrangement to promote the transfer of rural migrant workers ' rights and interests , to promote the transfer , and to set up the corresponding industrial policies to promote the transfer of more labor force and promote the transfer of non - agricultural industries .

The system arrangement design of " safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers and promote the transfer " is mainly aimed at the main problems and difficulties faced by the current rural labor transfer , from six aspects : it is necessary to establish and perfect the fair and reasonable wage system of the migrant workers , which is the most important system arrangement for the current maintenance of the rights and interests of migrant workers ;
To establish a unified social security system and public service system , so that migrant workers enjoy the right to fair treatment ;
To establish and perfect the labor employment service system of urban and rural integration , to create system conditions for the equalization of employment opportunities and the improvement of employment ability of migrant workers ;
Speeding up the reform of the household registration system and gradually solving the settlement of the settlement of towns and towns ;
To strengthen the legislative strength of the rights of the migrant workers , and to improve the enforcement force to ensure that the implementation of the new system is in place ;
Bring up an inclusive city ' s human environment and promote the integration of migrant workers into the city life .

The formulation of industrial policies for the promotion of more labour in non - agricultural industries should include : policies to support the development of labour - intensive and service - oriented industries ;
Policy of fostering small and medium - sized enterprises ;
Policies to encourage labour - intensive industries to shift from the eastern coast to the Midwest ;
To encourage and foster rural migrant workers to return home entrepreneurship policies ;
Policies to promote the coordinated development of small and medium - sized cities and small towns .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：F323.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 陳明慧;;農(nóng)村剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的影響——以河南省為例[J];北方經(jīng)貿(mào);2012年08期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 歐陽力勝;新型城鎮(zhèn)化進程中農(nóng)民工市民化研究[D];財政部財政科學(xué)研究所;2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 岳園園;城市規(guī)模與農(nóng)民工就業(yè)關(guān)系研究[D];東北財經(jīng)大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：2086417