本文選題：農(nóng)村 + 非繳費(fèi)型��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前我國(guó)農(nóng)村具有養(yǎng)老保障功能的社會(huì)保障制度主要有農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度、農(nóng)村最低生活保障制度、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)制度和農(nóng)村社區(qū)養(yǎng)老模式。①近年來,我國(guó)農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度不斷發(fā)展,并逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)了與城鎮(zhèn)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的合并,形成了城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度；農(nóng)村最低生活保障制度和農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)制度也不斷完善和發(fā)展,具有農(nóng)村社會(huì)救濟(jì)功能；農(nóng)村社區(qū)養(yǎng)老模式發(fā)展迅速,逐漸形成了以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)敬老院為主的機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老模式。然而,我國(guó)目前社會(huì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入了轉(zhuǎn)型期,農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老問題加劇、土地保障功能退化、家庭保障功能弱化和集體保障功能虛化是農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障制度面臨的新形勢(shì)。因此,農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障制度的發(fā)展也面臨四大困境：社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度不符合農(nóng)民意愿；社會(huì)救濟(jì)制度的社會(huì)成本高；社區(qū)養(yǎng)老發(fā)展混亂；農(nóng)村各項(xiàng)社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保障制度之間的銜接問題突出。為解決我國(guó)農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障制度的發(fā)展困境,需要建立農(nóng)村非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障法律制度。建立農(nóng)村非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障法律制度有利于保障底線公平,實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)實(shí)質(zhì)公平,從而讓農(nóng)民真正享有社會(huì)保障權(quán)利。在農(nóng)村建立非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障法律制度更加符合大多數(shù)農(nóng)民的意愿,可以得到更廣大農(nóng)民的支持。因此建立農(nóng)村非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障法律制度具有合理性。我國(guó)已經(jīng)建立了以社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)為主的農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障體系,在農(nóng)村建立非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障法律制度存在制度基礎(chǔ)。改革開放以來,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,我國(guó)財(cái)政已經(jīng)具備建立農(nóng)村非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障法律制度的支付能力。因此建立農(nóng)村非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障法律制度具有可行性。非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障制度包括普惠型和家計(jì)調(diào)查型兩種,②不同的非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障制度類型可以起到扶貧效果和福利效果。參照美國(guó)、加拿大和哥斯達(dá)黎加的非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障制度的實(shí)施經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障制度具有降低貧困率的效果,且在適合本國(guó)國(guó)情的制度模式下效果更好。而芬蘭不斷發(fā)展的非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障制度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)在于非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障制度應(yīng)當(dāng)隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展不斷改革以實(shí)現(xiàn)制度的社會(huì)適應(yīng)性。我國(guó)具有與其他國(guó)家完全不同的社會(huì)背景,建立非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障法律制度應(yīng)當(dāng)保證制度的基礎(chǔ)性保障作用,防止過度的福利性,同時(shí)保證養(yǎng)老保障制度與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng),實(shí)現(xiàn)養(yǎng)老金待遇的彈性化調(diào)整。在具體的制度建立方面應(yīng)通過立法的形式,在建立農(nóng)村普惠性養(yǎng)老保障法律制度的同時(shí)建立特困農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼制度。社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度和商業(yè)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)一步完善,以實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障制度的多層次發(fā)展,使非繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障法律制度保障農(nóng)民基本生活,而繳費(fèi)型養(yǎng)老保障制度保障合理的差別性,從而促進(jìn)農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保障法律制度的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:At present, the social security system in rural areas with the function of old-age security mainly includes the rural social old-age insurance system, the rural minimum living security system, the rural five-guarantee system and the rural community old-age model .1 in recent years, China's rural social endowment insurance system has been developing, and gradually realized the merger with the urban old-age insurance system, forming the urban and rural residents of the social endowment insurance system; The rural minimum living security system and the rural five-guarantee support system are also continuously improved and developed with the function of rural social relief; the rural community old-age care model has developed rapidly and gradually formed the institutional old-age care model based on township homes for the aged. However, at present, the social development of our country has entered the transition period, the rural old-age pension problem is aggravated, the function of land security is degraded, the function of family security is weakened and the function of collective security is empty, which is the new situation facing the rural old-age security system. Therefore, the development of rural old-age security system also faces four major difficulties: the social old-age insurance system is not in line with the wishes of farmers, the social relief system has a high social cost, the development of community pension is chaotic; The connection between various social pension security systems in rural areas is prominent. In order to solve the development dilemma of rural old-age security system, it is necessary to establish a rural non-contributory pension security legal system. The establishment of rural non-contributory old-age security legal system is conducive to the protection of the bottom line fairness, the realization of social equity, so that farmers really enjoy the rights of social security. The establishment of a non-contributory endowment security legal system in rural areas is more in line with the wishes of most farmers and can be supported by the majority of farmers. Therefore, the establishment of rural non-payment-based pension security legal system is reasonable. China has established a rural old-age security system, which is based on social insurance, and the legal system of non-contributory old-age security in rural areas is based on the system. Since the reform and opening up, the economy of our country has developed rapidly, and the finance of our country has already had the ability to pay for the establishment of the legal system of non-contributory old-age security in rural areas. Therefore, it is feasible to establish a non-payment-based endowment security legal system in rural areas. Non-contributory old-age security system includes two different types of non-contributory old-age security system, including inclusive pension system and family survey system. Referring to the implementation experience of the non-contributory old-age security system in the United States, Canada and Costa Rica, it can be found that the non-contributory old-age security system has the effect of reducing the poverty rate, and the effect is better under the system mode suitable for the national conditions of our country. The experience of the non-contributory old-age security system in Finland is that the non-contributory old-age security system should be reformed with the development of economy and society to realize the social adaptability of the system. Our country has completely different social background from other countries. To establish the legal system of non-contributory old-age security, we should guarantee the basic safeguard function of the system and prevent excessive welfare. At the same time, ensure that the old-age security system and the level of economic development in line with the realization of the flexible adjustment of pension treatment. In the aspect of specific system establishment, we should establish the special hardship farmers' subsidy system in the form of legislation, while establishing the legal system of rural universal old-age security. The social old-age insurance system and the commercial old-age insurance system should be further improved in order to realize the multi-level development of the rural old-age security system, so that the legal system of non-contributory old-age security can guarantee the basic life of the peasants. The contributory old-age security system ensures reasonable differentiation, thus promoting the sustainable development of the rural social endowment security legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.182.3

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本文編號(hào)：2035021