本文選題：宅基地 + 有償使用�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自上世紀(jì)六十年代以來(lái),我國(guó)宅基地一直實(shí)行無(wú)償無(wú)期限的配置方式。這種制度設(shè)計(jì)不僅有違公平效率原則,而且還引發(fā)了一戶多宅、宅基地閑置等一系列問(wèn)題。隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,土地資源的稀缺對(duì)宅基地的使用制度提出了更高的要求。而宅基地有償使用制度無(wú)疑有助于提高土地資源的利用率,做到地盡其用。雖然現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)有多個(gè)試點(diǎn)地區(qū)正在進(jìn)行宅基地有償使用制度改革,但由于制度的特殊性以及法律的滯后性,推行的過(guò)程中不可避免會(huì)遇到諸多困難和問(wèn)題。是故,本文擬從宅基地制度的歷史變遷規(guī)律出發(fā),運(yùn)用實(shí)踐探討和理論分析相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)宅基地有償使用制度的現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)與實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,提出構(gòu)建宅基地有償使用制度的措施。全文共分為四個(gè)部分:第一部分是宅基地有償使用制度概述。文章對(duì)建國(guó)以后宅基地制度的歷史變遷進(jìn)行分析考察,總結(jié)了宅基地制度的變遷規(guī)律,以及宅基地?zé)o償使用制度的形成原因。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)宅基地有償使用制度的內(nèi)涵做了研究,并分析了推行宅基地有償使用制度的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,為后面的論述奠定基礎(chǔ)。第二部分是宅基地有償使用制度的依據(jù)。文章從宅基地有償使用制度的法理基礎(chǔ)和現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。首先,從農(nóng)地權(quán)利體系和公平效率的角度分析了宅基地有償使用制度的邏輯基礎(chǔ)和價(jià)值基礎(chǔ)。其次,從戶籍制度改革以及農(nóng)村社會(huì)保障體系的角度分析了宅基地有償使用制度的現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)。從而為宅基地有償使用制度的構(gòu)建尋找理論落腳點(diǎn)。第三部分是宅基地有償使用制度的實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀及其問(wèn)題。文章通過(guò)對(duì)宅基地有償使用制度現(xiàn)有政策以及20世紀(jì)90年代和現(xiàn)階段各試點(diǎn)地區(qū)的實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)宅基地有償使用制度不僅有一些值得推廣的經(jīng)驗(yàn),同時(shí)也存在一定的問(wèn)題。值得推廣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主要表現(xiàn)在宅基地有償使用制度合理的適用范圍、科學(xué)的收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、多樣的適用方式以及良好的資金管理方法等方面。而存在的問(wèn)題主要體現(xiàn)在宅基地有償使用制度自身的缺陷和配套制度的不完善兩個(gè)方面。第四部分是宅基地有償使用制度的構(gòu)建。文章從合法性原則、宅基地集體所有原則、循序漸進(jìn)原則方面分析了宅基地有償制度在構(gòu)建過(guò)程中應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持的一些基本原則。最后又從適用范圍、收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、資金管理以及配套制度等方面提出了全面構(gòu)建宅基地有償使用制度的措施。
[Abstract]:Since 1960's, our country house land has been implementing the free and indefinite allocation mode. This system not only violates the principle of fairness and efficiency, but also leads to a series of problems, such as multiple homes, idle homestead and so on. With the development of market economy, the scarcity of land resources puts forward higher requirements for the use system of homestead. The system of paid use of homestead undoubtedly helps to improve the utilization rate of land resources and make the best use of land. Although there are many pilot areas in our country are carrying out the reform of the system of paid use of homestead at the present stage, due to the particularity of the system and the lag of the law, many difficulties and problems will inevitably be encountered in the course of the implementation. Therefore, based on the historical changes of the homestead system, this paper analyzes the practical basis and practical status of the homestead paid use system by means of the combination of practical discussion and theoretical analysis. The measures of constructing the system of paid use of house land are put forward. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of the system of paid use of homestead. This paper analyzes the historical changes of the homestead system after the founding of the people's Republic of China, sums up the law of the change of the Homestead system and the reasons for the formation of the Homestead Free use system. On this basis, the connotation of the system of paid use of homestead is studied, and the practical significance of carrying out the system of paid use of homestead is analyzed, which lays a foundation for the following discussion. The second part is the basis of the system of paid use of homestead. This paper analyzes the legal basis and realistic basis of the system of paid use of homestead. Firstly, the logical basis and the value basis of the homestead paid use system are analyzed from the angle of farmland right system and fair efficiency. Secondly, from the perspective of the reform of household registration system and the rural social security system, this paper analyzes the realistic basis of the system of paid use of homestead. In order to find a theoretical foothold for the construction of homestead paid use system. The third part is the practice and problems of the system of paid use of homestead. Based on the analysis of the current policies of the homestead paid use system and the practical situation of the pilot areas in the 1990s and now, the paper finds that there are not only some experiences worth popularizing in the paid use system of the homestead in our country. At the same time, there are some problems. The experience that is worth popularizing mainly shows in the reasonable scope of application of the system of paid use of the homestead, the scientific charging standard, the various applicable ways and the good fund management method and so on. The existing problems are mainly reflected in two aspects: the defects of the paid use system and the imperfection of the supporting system. The fourth part is the construction of the system of paid use of homestead. This paper analyzes some basic principles in the process of building homestead compensation system from the aspects of legality principle, collective ownership principle and progressive principle. Finally, the author puts forward some measures to construct the system of paid use of homestead from the aspects of applicable scope, charging standard, fund management and supporting system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2

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