本文選題：失地農(nóng)民 + 社會(huì)保障��； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著工業(yè)化和城市化的進(jìn)程,必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量的失地農(nóng)民,失地農(nóng)民法定社會(huì)保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低,與其發(fā)展需求不相適應(yīng),尤其是失地農(nóng)民作為一個(gè)特殊的弱勢(shì)群體,需要政府優(yōu)先關(guān)注和保障。地方政府有責(zé)任深入研究和探索當(dāng)?shù)厥У剞r(nóng)民所面臨的生計(jì)、就業(yè)、發(fā)展等保障問(wèn)題,充分發(fā)揮政府的能動(dòng)作用,提高行政效率,以責(zé)任政府的高度處理好地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、征地補(bǔ)償與失地農(nóng)民社保的關(guān)系,利用經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場(chǎng)的手段為失地農(nóng)民提供更好服務(wù)和較高社會(huì)保障。本文將廣州開發(fā)區(qū)作為研究對(duì)象,分析了其在社會(huì)保障方面走過(guò)的歷程、具體做法,總結(jié)了其在解決失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障方面有獨(dú)特的經(jīng)驗(yàn),闡述了其作為責(zé)任主體在失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障方面發(fā)揮的積極作用。 本文研究了土地征收與地方政府職能的關(guān)系,明析了地方政府無(wú)論從經(jīng)濟(jì)職能還是從社會(huì)職能的角度都有能力、義務(wù)和職責(zé)通過(guò)構(gòu)建社會(huì)保障制度,為失地農(nóng)民融入城市提供各種服務(wù)和社會(huì)保障。通過(guò)對(duì)失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障制度的供需均衡分析,得出由于失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障的需求與供給不均衡,需要通過(guò)改變失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障的需求與供給。為此,地方政府可以促進(jìn)保障制度的調(diào)整與創(chuàng)新,通過(guò)系列的誘致性變遷措施,將變遷的阻滯成本降低。政府要著力改善關(guān)系失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障制度的變遷環(huán)境,促進(jìn)變遷的發(fā)生。在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下,市場(chǎng)化程度不斷提高,將有利于借助市場(chǎng)的力量增強(qiáng)誘致性變遷的潛在利益效益,達(dá)到積極能動(dòng)地創(chuàng)造條件誘導(dǎo)資源的有機(jī)結(jié)合,通過(guò)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行實(shí)現(xiàn)一系列誘致性制度變遷,為失地農(nóng)民提供有效的社會(huì)保障制度供給。 土地的發(fā)展權(quán)承載著土地未來(lái)的最大收益潛力,在現(xiàn)行的征地制度下,非公共利益性質(zhì)的征地行為侵害了失地農(nóng)民的土地發(fā)展權(quán),征地對(duì)于失地農(nóng)民更多的是利益損失,用地單位和政府則享受了土地增值收益的大頭。土地征收后如何保證失地農(nóng)民生存權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)是首要解決的問(wèn)題,如果不能夠解決和落實(shí)失地農(nóng)民的生存權(quán),則征地的正當(dāng)性與合理性就會(huì)遭到質(zhì)疑。從社會(huì)公平與正義的角度來(lái)看,失地農(nóng)民為城市化做出了貢獻(xiàn),理應(yīng)享受城市化發(fā)展的成果,即應(yīng)該享有土地發(fā)展權(quán)�，F(xiàn)實(shí)中,農(nóng)民常常被排除在土地發(fā)展權(quán)之外,具有非正當(dāng)性。征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定得過(guò)低,土地增值收益主要集中在地方政府,地方政府通常將土地財(cái)政大部分用于城市建設(shè)開發(fā),投在農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障和農(nóng)村公共設(shè)施方面的少,失地農(nóng)民的利益和保障得不到充分體現(xiàn)。從而導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展水平不平衡差距拉大,因此,地方政府公共投資政策要進(jìn)行調(diào)整。 讓失地農(nóng)民分享土地發(fā)展權(quán),要同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)保持區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的活力,使地方政府更有能力扶持和帶動(dòng)失地農(nóng)民共同發(fā)展,解決好農(nóng)民的社會(huì)保障、生活保障和農(nóng)民市民化等系列問(wèn)題,讓利益貢獻(xiàn)主體獲得社會(huì)發(fā)展成果的回報(bào)。因此,地方政府要更加積極地幫助農(nóng)民享受土地發(fā)展權(quán),通過(guò)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展讓成果的受益者更具普遍性,唯此才能從根本上解決失地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)保障和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)生活保障。
[Abstract]:With the process of industrialization and urbanization, there will inevitably be a large number of landless peasants. The legal social security standards of the landless peasants are low and they are not compatible with their development needs. Especially, the landless peasants, as a special vulnerable group, need the government's priority attention and guarantee. The local government has the responsibility to study and explore the local landless peasants. We face the problems of livelihood, employment and development, give full play to the dynamic role of the government, improve the administrative efficiency, deal with the economic development of the region, the relationship between the compensation for land expropriation and the social security of the landless farmers by the responsibility of the government, and provide better services and higher social security for the landless farmers by means of economic and market means. This article will open Guangzhou. As the research object, the development area has analyzed the history of its social security and the specific experience in solving the social security of the landless peasants, and expounds the positive role it plays as the main body of responsibility in the social security of the landless peasants.
This paper studies the relationship between land expropriation and the function of local government. It is clear that the local government has the ability to provide all kinds of services and social security for the landless peasants to integrate into the city by building social security system in terms of economic and social functions, and through the supply and demand of the social security system for the landless peasants. The equilibrium analysis shows that the demand and supply of the social security of the landless peasants are not balanced, and the demand and supply of the social security of the landless peasants should be changed. Therefore, the local government can promote the adjustment and innovation of the guarantee system, and reduce the cost of the change by a series of induced change measures. The changing environment of the social security system of the peasants has promoted the change. In the environment of the market economy, the increasing degree of marketization will help to enhance the potential benefit and benefit of the induced changes by the power of the market, and achieve a positive and dynamic combination of the conditions of creating the conditions to induce the resources, and realize a series of market economy. Induced institutional changes provide an effective supply of social security system for landless peasants.
The right to development of land carries the greatest potential for the future of land. Under the current land expropriation system, the land expropriation behavior of non public interest has infringed the land development rights of the landless peasants. The land expropriation for the landless peasants is more of the benefit loss, the land units and the government enjoy the big head of the land value added income. How to protect the land after the land expropriation The realization of the peasants' right to survive is the first problem to be solved. If it is not able to solve and implement the right to survive the landless peasants, the legitimacy and rationality of the land expropriation will be questioned. From the perspective of social fairness and justice, the landless peasants have made contributions to the Urbanization, and should enjoy the achievements of the urbanization development, that is, it should be enjoyed. Land development right. In reality, farmers are often excluded from the right to land development, which is unjustifiable. The compensation standard for land expropriation is too low and the land value-added income is mainly concentrated in the local government. The local government usually applies most of the land finance to the urban construction and development, and the land is low in the social security of farmers and the rural public facilities. The interests and security of farmers are not fully reflected. Thus, the uneven gap between urban and rural development is widening. Therefore, the public investment policy of local governments should be adjusted.
Let the landless farmers share the right to land development, at the same time emphasize the vitality of regional economic development, make local governments more able to support and drive the common development of land lost farmers, solve the social security of farmers, life guarantee and the citizenization of the farmers and other problems, so that the interests of the main body of social development results will be rewarded. Therefore, the local government will be rewarded with the results of social development. The government should more actively help farmers to enjoy the right to land development. Through regional economic development, the beneficiaries of the results are more universal. Only in this way can we fundamentally solve the social security and long-term guarantee of land lost farmers.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D630;F323.89

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