發(fā)布時間：2018-04-26 13:54

  本文選題：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 + 產(chǎn)能過剩�。� 參考：《東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：2013年以來,遼寧省經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)下行,大多數(shù)行業(yè)出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)能過剩,已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)規(guī)模的職工處于下崗和休息狀態(tài)。本文首先從產(chǎn)能過剩入手,對產(chǎn)能過剩內(nèi)涵界定、測度方法和產(chǎn)能過剩的主要類型進(jìn)行了概括性闡述。在對遼寧省產(chǎn)能狀況進(jìn)行分析后發(fā)現(xiàn):遼寧省目前41個行業(yè)中有35個行業(yè)存在程度不同的產(chǎn)能過剩;遼寧省的冶金工業(yè)、煤炭工業(yè)和裝備制造業(yè)是產(chǎn)能過剩的重點,產(chǎn)能過剩的企業(yè)主要為國有企業(yè);產(chǎn)能過剩問題在傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)和新興行業(yè)中同時存在。本文的第二部分對全國和遼寧省經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與就業(yè)之間的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行了定量分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),全國層面及遼寧省層面的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與就業(yè)之間存在弱相關(guān)性。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與分行業(yè)就業(yè)的相關(guān)性程度存在差異,第一產(chǎn)業(yè)的就業(yè)比重與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的就業(yè)比重與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)關(guān)系,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)波動與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長波動之間的相關(guān)程度存在明顯的"共振"現(xiàn)象。本文對遼寧省近年來城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)的演進(jìn)趨勢進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)遼寧省城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)人口向第三產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)中傳統(tǒng)服務(wù)業(yè)就業(yè)比重下降,其中,工業(yè)行業(yè)的職工分布又具有如下三個特點:一是冶金工業(yè)和裝備制造業(yè)是工業(yè)行業(yè)就業(yè)的主體,其中,國有工業(yè)企業(yè)職工占相當(dāng)高的比例;二是過剩產(chǎn)能行業(yè)的職工多達(dá)300余萬人,占規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)職工的900%以上;三是工業(yè)行業(yè)就業(yè)周期性特征明顯,表明此輪產(chǎn)能過剩中,大批職工面臨下崗的危險。本部分還對產(chǎn)能過剩和職工富余的形成原因進(jìn)行了初步的分析。在產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)中,2014和2015年以及2016年上半年已經(jīng)下崗的職工約25萬人。目前在崗但屬于休息和半休息的職工按最低比例25%計算,估計富余職工的人員約為75萬人。也就是說,目前遼寧省產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)已經(jīng)下崗、在崗但屬于富余的職工達(dá)百萬以上。本文的第三部分對德國、法國和英國的過剩產(chǎn)能化解策略進(jìn)行了一般性的概述,發(fā)現(xiàn)這三個國家老工業(yè)基地的轉(zhuǎn)型有四個共同之處:一是老工業(yè)基地轉(zhuǎn)型時間較長,都在40年以上,有的現(xiàn)在還處于轉(zhuǎn)型階段;二是主導(dǎo)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)大多通過合并重組化解過剩產(chǎn)能;三是第三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展較快,成為老工業(yè)基地的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)和吸收就業(yè)的主要領(lǐng)域;四是老工業(yè)基地的人口減少,人口外遷現(xiàn)象比較明顯。通過比較這三個國家在經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型過程中所頒布和實施的促進(jìn)就業(yè)的法律、政策,以及具體措施,發(fā)現(xiàn)其共同特點:一是促進(jìn)就業(yè)是任何政黨執(zhí)政的中心工作;二是運(yùn)用法律并不斷促進(jìn)就業(yè);三是在生活救助與逼迫就業(yè)上尋找平衡點,兼顧公平與效率;四是堅持分類指導(dǎo),精準(zhǔn)促進(jìn)不同群體實現(xiàn)就業(yè);五是建立全國性的培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu),針對在崗、轉(zhuǎn)崗、失業(yè)人員等均有長短期的實用培訓(xùn),采取的方式既有政府的機(jī)構(gòu),又有市場中介組織;六是注意發(fā)揮企業(yè)的作用。對接受下崗職工的企業(yè)有補(bǔ)助,對減少下崗職工政府給予"穩(wěn)崗補(bǔ)貼"。本文的最后部分對遼寧省促進(jìn)就業(yè)提出了一系列的政策建議。主要包括:第一,創(chuàng)新促進(jìn)就業(yè)理念,即共享、尊嚴(yán)、創(chuàng)新理念;第二,完善促進(jìn)就業(yè)體制,建立多元失業(yè)就業(yè)動態(tài)監(jiān)測體系,建立富余職工安置的民主制度,完善富余職工安置的政策措施;第三,建立促進(jìn)就業(yè)的機(jī)制,調(diào)動企業(yè)積極性,鼓勵內(nèi)部退養(yǎng),依法依規(guī)解除勞動合同,鼓勵職工自主創(chuàng)業(yè);第四,建立富余職工的救援機(jī)制,政府提供公益性就業(yè)崗位,建立和完善下崗再就業(yè)培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)和制度,加大對就業(yè)困難下崗職工的社會救助力度,并形成與社保制度相配合的體系。
[Abstract]:Since 2013, the economy of Liaoning province has continued to descend, most of the industries have been overcapacity, and a considerable number of workers have been laid off and rest. First, from overcapacity, this paper gives a general description of the definition of overcapacity, the measure method and the main types of overcapacity. In Liaoning, the production capacity is divided into two parts. After analysis, it is found that there are 35 industries with different overcapacity in the 41 industries of Liaoning, the metallurgical industry of Liaoning, the coal industry and the equipment manufacturing industry are the focus of overcapacity, and the enterprises with excess capacity are mainly state-owned enterprises; the problem of overcapacity exists simultaneously in the traditional industry and the emerging industry. The second part of this paper The quantitative analysis of the correlation between economic growth and employment in Liaoning and China shows that there is a weak correlation between the economic growth and employment at the level of the national and Liaoning provinces. The correlation between economic growth and the employment of sub industries is different, and the employment proportion of the first industry has a negative correlation with the economic growth. The employment proportion of the third industry has a positive correlation with the economic growth, and the correlation between the employment fluctuation of the second industry and the fluctuation of economic growth has a obvious "resonance" phenomenon. This paper analyses the evolution trend of the employment of urban and rural areas in Liaoning Province in recent years, and finds that the employment population of Liaoning province is transferred to the third industry and the third industry. The proportion of employment in the traditional service industry is declining. Among them, the distribution of workers in the industrial industry has three characteristics as follows: first, the metallurgical industry and the equipment manufacturing industry are the main body of employment in the industrial industry. Among them, the employees of the state-owned industrial enterprises account for a fairly high proportion; the two is over 300 workers in the surplus capacity industry, accounting for the industrial enterprises above the scale of scale. More than 900% of the employees and three are the obvious periodicity of employment in the industrial industry, which indicates that in this round of overcapacity, a large number of workers are in danger of being laid off. This part also makes a preliminary analysis of the causes of excess capacity and the formation of surplus workers. In the excess capacity industry, about 25 of the workers who have been laid off in the first half of the year and in the first half of 2016. At present, the workers who are at post but belong to rest and half rest are calculated at a minimum ratio of 25%, with an estimated staff of about 750 thousand people. That is to say, the surplus production industry in Liaoning is now laid off, but the surplus workers are over million. The third part of this article will dissolve excess capacity in Germany, France and the UK. A general overview is carried out, and it is found that the transformation of the old industrial bases in these three countries has four common points: one is that the old industrial base has a long transition time, all are over 40 years, some are still in the transitional stage, and the two is that the dominant traditional industries are mostly through merger and reorganization to dissolve excess capacity; three is the third industry is developing faster and becoming the old. The pillar industry of the industrial base and the main areas to absorb employment; four is the reduction of the population of the old industrial base and the apparent migration of the population. By comparing the laws, policies, and concrete measures that the three countries have promulgated and implemented in the process of economic transformation, the common characteristics are found: first, the promotion of employment is any government. The central work of the party in power; two is the use of the law and continuous promotion of employment; the three is to find a balance point in life assistance and forced employment, take into account fairness and efficiency; four is to adhere to the guidance of the classification, to promote the precision of different groups to achieve employment; five is to establish a national training institution, in view of the work in the post, transfer, unemployed and so on are long short term There are both government institutions and market intermediary organizations in the way of training, and six is to give full play to the role of the enterprise. It has a subsidy to the enterprises that accept the laid-off workers, and gives a "steady post subsidy" to reduce the laid-off workers' government. The last part of this article puts forward a series of policy suggestions on the promotion of employment in Liaoning province. The main includes: first, innovation Promote the concept of employment, namely, sharing, dignity, and innovative ideas; second, improve the employment system, establish a dynamic monitoring system for multiple unemployment employment, establish a democratic system for the resettlement of surplus workers, and improve the policies and measures for the resettlement of surplus workers; third, establish the mechanism for promoting employment, mobilize the enthusiasm of the enterprise, encourage the internal retreat, and release it according to the law. The labor contract will encourage the workers to start their own business; fourth, to establish the rescue mechanism for the surplus workers, the government to provide public welfare jobs, to establish and perfect the laid-off reemployment training institutions and systems, to increase the social assistance to the laid-off workers with difficulty in employment, and to form a system of coordination with the social security system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F249.27

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