本文選題：優(yōu)先權(quán) + 參與分配　； 參考：《暨南大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：執(zhí)行程序的參與分配制度是指在被執(zhí)行人的財產(chǎn)不足以清償全部債權(quán)人債權(quán)時,對被執(zhí)行人的財產(chǎn)按照一定的原則在各債權(quán)人中進行分配的制度。在法院啟動參與分配程序?qū)Π缚钸M行實際處理時,需解決的最重要的問題是各債權(quán)人的分配順序問題。在社會利益多元化的今天,案款分配時需考慮與平衡的利益較多,加之我國目前的法律對于執(zhí)行參與分配環(huán)節(jié)中某一特種債權(quán)是否享有優(yōu)先權(quán)、各種優(yōu)先權(quán)之間的優(yōu)位順序應(yīng)如何確定等問題無明確規(guī)定,實務(wù)中各地法院對這個問題理解不盡統(tǒng)一,操作起來無統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的原則,從而損害了司法的嚴肅性和權(quán)威性,因此,研究參與分配程序中的優(yōu)先權(quán)問題有其現(xiàn)實意義。本文從執(zhí)行工作實務(wù)出發(fā),在研究各地法院現(xiàn)行做法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出并分析現(xiàn)階段參與分配程序中應(yīng)予優(yōu)先受償?shù)膬?yōu)先權(quán)種類及各優(yōu)先權(quán)的優(yōu)位順序。文章從三個方面對此問題進行論述:第一章,“參與分配程序中涉及的優(yōu)先權(quán)”。本章闡明了優(yōu)先權(quán)的概念,認為優(yōu)先權(quán)是在發(fā)生沖突的民事權(quán)利中,按照規(guī)定或約定可優(yōu)先于其他民事權(quán)利實現(xiàn)的民事權(quán)利。根據(jù)不同標準,優(yōu)先權(quán)可分為一般優(yōu)先權(quán)和特別優(yōu)先權(quán)、動產(chǎn)優(yōu)先權(quán)和不動產(chǎn)優(yōu)先權(quán)等種類。根據(jù)我國現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定,涉及民事優(yōu)先權(quán)的類型主要有先取特權(quán)、優(yōu)先受償權(quán)、優(yōu)先購買權(quán)等。在參與分配程序中,最高法院關(guān)于適用民訴法的解釋與執(zhí)行工作若干規(guī)定中,均提到了享有優(yōu)先權(quán)的債權(quán)可優(yōu)于普通債權(quán)受償,但對于優(yōu)先權(quán)的具體范圍均未作明確的說明。筆者根據(jù)相關(guān)法律規(guī)定和執(zhí)行實務(wù)中優(yōu)先權(quán)保護的情況進行總結(jié),認為參與分配程序中的優(yōu)先權(quán)有以下種類:(1)執(zhí)行費用優(yōu)先權(quán);(2)勞動債權(quán)優(yōu)先權(quán);(3)人身性質(zhì)債權(quán)優(yōu)先權(quán);(4)被執(zhí)行人基本生活保障費用優(yōu)先權(quán);(5)已交付全部或大部分款項的商品房買受人(消費者)優(yōu)先權(quán);(6)應(yīng)退受教育者學雜費用及教職工工資、社保費用優(yōu)先權(quán);(7)建設(shè)工程價款優(yōu)先權(quán);(8)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán);(9)民用航空器優(yōu)先權(quán);(10)土地使用權(quán)出讓金優(yōu)先權(quán);(11)基于保留所有權(quán)或未轉(zhuǎn)移登記而產(chǎn)生的剩余價款優(yōu)先受償權(quán);(12)擔保物權(quán)的優(yōu)先受償權(quán);(13)稅收優(yōu)先權(quán);(14)首查封優(yōu)先權(quán)等。第二章“司法實踐的現(xiàn)狀”,介紹北京、浙江、廣東法院目前在參與分配程序中對優(yōu)先權(quán)問題認識和把握的現(xiàn)狀。北京法院實務(wù)中在參與分配程序中予以考慮保護的優(yōu)先權(quán)主要有:擔保物權(quán)的優(yōu)先受償權(quán)、建設(shè)工程款優(yōu)先權(quán)、已交付全部或大部分款項的商品房買受人(消費者)優(yōu)先權(quán)、勞動債權(quán)優(yōu)先權(quán)、船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)、民用航空器優(yōu)先權(quán)、應(yīng)退受教育者學雜費用及教職工工資、社保費用優(yōu)先權(quán)、首查封優(yōu)先權(quán)、土地出讓金優(yōu)先權(quán)等。浙江法院目前參與分配程序中考慮的優(yōu)先權(quán)主要包括:擔保物權(quán)的優(yōu)先權(quán)、船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)、民用航空器優(yōu)先權(quán)、建設(shè)工程價款優(yōu)先權(quán)、土地使用權(quán)出讓金優(yōu)先權(quán)、稅收優(yōu)先權(quán)、應(yīng)退受教育者學雜費用優(yōu)先權(quán)、已交付全部或大部分款項的商品房買受人(消費者)優(yōu)先權(quán)、基于保留所有權(quán)或未轉(zhuǎn)移登記而產(chǎn)生的剩余價款優(yōu)先受償權(quán)和首查封優(yōu)先權(quán)。廣東法院目前在參與分配程序中考慮的優(yōu)先有:執(zhí)行費用優(yōu)先權(quán)、勞動債權(quán)優(yōu)先權(quán)、擔保物權(quán)優(yōu)先權(quán)、首查封優(yōu)先權(quán)等優(yōu)先權(quán)。各地法院對優(yōu)先權(quán)種類的認識并不完全一致,實際操作層面對各種優(yōu)先權(quán)保護的力度,所確定各優(yōu)先權(quán)的優(yōu)位順序亦不同。第三章“各項優(yōu)先權(quán)之間的優(yōu)位順序”,認為參與分配程序中涉及的上述14種優(yōu)先權(quán)應(yīng)分為五個順位受償。第一順位為執(zhí)行費用,包括申請執(zhí)行費、訴訟費和公益費用;第二順位為涉及基本生存權(quán)的優(yōu)先權(quán),包括勞動債權(quán)優(yōu)先權(quán)、人身性質(zhì)債權(quán)優(yōu)先權(quán)、被執(zhí)行人基本生活保障費用優(yōu)先權(quán)、已交付全部或大部分款項的商品房買受人(消費者)優(yōu)先權(quán)、應(yīng)退受教育者學雜費用及教職工工資、社保費用優(yōu)先權(quán);第三順位為對特殊標的享有的優(yōu)先權(quán),包括建設(shè)工程價款優(yōu)先權(quán)、船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)、民用航空器優(yōu)先權(quán)、土地使用權(quán)出讓金優(yōu)先權(quán)、基于保留所有權(quán)或未轉(zhuǎn)移登記而產(chǎn)生的剩余價款優(yōu)先受償權(quán);第四順位為擔保物權(quán)的優(yōu)先權(quán)與稅收優(yōu)先權(quán);第五順位為首查封優(yōu)先權(quán)。在前順位的優(yōu)先權(quán)先于在后順位的優(yōu)先權(quán)受償。對于同一順位的各項優(yōu)先權(quán),除法律有特別規(guī)定外,按比例受償。
[Abstract]:The system of participation and distribution of the execution procedure refers to the system of distribution of the property of the executor to the creditors in accordance with certain principles when the property is not enough to repay the creditor's rights. The most important problem to be solved is the creditors when the court starts to participate in the actual handling of the cases. In the present situation of the diversity of social interests, it is necessary to consider and balance more interests in the distribution of the cases. In addition, there is no clear regulation on the priority of a special creditor in the implementation of the participation and distribution, and the definite order of the priority order between the various priority rights, and the various local laws in practice. The hospital has no unified understanding of this problem, and it operates without the principle of unified norms, thus damaging the seriousness and authority of the judiciary. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study the priority of participation in the distribution procedure. The priority category and priority order which should be given priority in the distribution procedure and the priority order of each priority. The article discusses this question from three aspects: the first chapter, "the priority involved in the distribution procedure". This chapter clarifies the concept of priority, that the priority is in the civil rights of the conflict, according to the rules or stipulations. According to different standards, priority can be divided into general priority and special priority, chattel priority and real estate priority. According to the existing laws of China, the types of civil priority are mainly preemptive privileges, priority of compensation, preemptive right and so on. In the procedure, the Supreme Court, in the interpretation and implementation of the applicable civil procedure law, mentioned that the creditor's right of priority is better than the ordinary claim, but the specific scope of the priority is not clearly explained. There are the following categories in the distribution procedure: (1) the execution of the cost priority; (2) the priority of labor claims; (3) the right of personal claims; (4) the priority of the basic living security cost of the executor; (5) the priority of the buyer (consumer) of all or most of the money delivered; (6) the educator should learn to miscellaneous expenses and teachers. The priority of the wage and social insurance cost; (7) the priority of the construction price; (8) the priority of the ship; (9) the civil aircraft priority; (10) the priority of the grant of the land use right; (11) the priority of the remainder based on the retention of ownership or the non transfer of registration; (12) the priority of compensation for the real right of security; (13) tax priority; and (14) first sealing up the advantage. The second chapter, "the current situation of judicial practice", introduces the current situation of understanding and grasping the priority issues in Beijing, Zhejiang and Guangdong courts in the participation in the distribution procedure. The priority of the Beijing court practice in the participation in the distribution procedure is mainly: the priority of the right of guarantee, the priority of the construction project, the priority of the construction project The priority right of the buyer (consumer), the priority of the labor claim, the priority of the ship's creditor, the priority of the ship, the priority of the civil aircraft, the priority of the educator and the staff, the priority of the social security cost, the first priority, the priority of the land grant, and so on. The Zhejiang court is currently involved in the distribution procedure. The priority rights include: the priority of the security right, the priority of the ship, the priority of the civil aircraft, the priority of the construction price, the priority of the grant of the land use right, the priority of the tax revenue, the priority of the educator's miscellaneous expenses, and the priority of the buyer (consumer) of all or most of the goods delivered, based on all the reservations. The priority of the priority of the Guangdong court at present in the distribution procedure is: the priority of the execution of the cost, the priority of the labor claim, the priority of the security right, the priority of the priority, and the priority of the priority. The third chapter, "the order of priority among the priorities", holds that the above 14 priority rights involved in the allocation program should be divided into five CIS. The first is the execution cost, including the application fee, the litigation fee and the public. The second position is the priority of the basic right of survival, including the priority of labor claims, the priority right of the personal property rights, the priority of the basic living security cost of the executive, the priority of the buyer (consumer), which has been delivered to the commercial house of all or most of the money, and should be rejected by the educator to learn the miscellaneous expenses and the wages of the staff and the social security expenses. Priority is the priority of the third, including the priority of the special bid, including the priority of the construction price, the priority of the ship, the priority of the civil aircraft, the priority of the grant of the land use right, the priority of the remainder price based on the retention of ownership or the non transfer of registration, and the priority of the fourth position as the priority of the security right and the advantage of the tax. Priority is given first; the priority of the first five is precedence. The priority right in the front is preceded by the priority of the following position. For the priority of the same place, the priority is paid in proportion to the law except the law.

【學位授予單位】：暨南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D925.1

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本文編號：1805810