本文選題：城鄉(xiāng)居民 + 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)�。� 參考：《西安財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：社會(huì)保障是現(xiàn)代國(guó)家的一項(xiàng)基本社會(huì)制度,養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)則是我國(guó)社會(huì)保障體系中最核心、最關(guān)鍵的部分。隨著我國(guó)人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化和人均壽命的延長(zhǎng),家庭小型化、人口老齡化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,這就使城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題亟待解決。2014年2月,國(guó)務(wù)院出臺(tái)了《關(guān)于建立統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的意見(jiàn)》,提出在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi),將新農(nóng)保與城鎮(zhèn)居保制度進(jìn)行合并實(shí)施,建立全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn),并且該制度可以和城鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)職工保險(xiǎn)制度銜接。該意見(jiàn)的出臺(tái)打破了城鄉(xiāng)有別的戶籍限制,使參保人員可以平等地享受養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)待遇,制度的設(shè)計(jì)有利于彰顯社會(huì)的公平正義,有利于人口的流動(dòng),加快城鎮(zhèn)化的步伐,在鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)業(yè)、拉動(dòng)消費(fèi)方面具有重要意義。本文首先介紹了我國(guó)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)概念、發(fā)展歷程、理論依據(jù)及建立統(tǒng)一城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的重要意義,并考察了北京、嘉興、鄭州地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的實(shí)施概況,北京的“仿城”設(shè)計(jì)、嘉興的繳費(fèi)年限補(bǔ)貼、鄭州的高齡補(bǔ)貼都是制度的亮點(diǎn)。通過(guò)理論與實(shí)踐的總結(jié),主要分析了目前我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度實(shí)施中存在法律法規(guī)滯后,司法救濟(jì)欠缺;資金壓力較大,保值增值困難;統(tǒng)籌層次過(guò)低,轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)較難;管理方式欠妥,責(zé)任劃分不清等問(wèn)題。我國(guó)長(zhǎng)期的二元經(jīng)濟(jì)體制導(dǎo)致了目前養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的碎片化,而制度設(shè)計(jì)、管理服務(wù)社會(huì)化程度較低也是導(dǎo)致這些問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的原因。通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)普惠制、德國(guó)職業(yè)工種制、新加坡強(qiáng)制儲(chǔ)蓄型養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的分析,其健全的法律法規(guī),完善的基金管理,便捷的轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)等經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得我國(guó)借鑒。最后從完善養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)法律法規(guī),依法保障資金投入機(jī)制,依法規(guī)范制度運(yùn)行機(jī)制,強(qiáng)化養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)督管理四個(gè)方面提出了我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的完善建議。
[Abstract]:Social security is a basic social system in modern countries, and old-age insurance is the core and key part of our social security system. With the change of population structure and the prolongation of life expectancy, the phenomenon of family miniaturization and population aging is serious, which makes the pension problem of urban and rural residents urgently need to be solved in February 2014. The State Council has issued the opinions on establishing a unified basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, proposing that the new rural insurance system and the urban residence insurance system should be combined to establish a unified nationwide basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents. And this system can link up with urban enterprise worker insurance system. The introduction of the opinion broke other household registration restrictions in urban and rural areas, enabling insured personnel to enjoy pension insurance treatment on an equal footing. The design of the system is conducive to highlighting social fairness and justice, to population mobility, and to speeding up the pace of urbanization. It is of great significance in encouraging entrepreneurship and stimulating consumption. This paper first introduces the related concepts, the development course, the theoretical basis and the significance of establishing a unified pension insurance for urban and rural residents in China, and investigates Beijing and Jiaxing. The implementation of the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents in Zhengzhou area, the design of "imitating city" in Beijing, the subsidy of payment years in Jiaxing and the old age allowance in Zhengzhou are all the highlights of the system. Through the summary of theory and practice, this paper mainly analyzes the existing laws and regulations in the implementation of the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents in China, the lack of judicial relief, the great pressure of capital, the difficulty of maintaining and increasing value, the low level of overall planning, Transfer is difficult, management is not good, responsibility is not clear, and so on. China's long-term dual economic system has led to the fragmentation of the current pension insurance, and the low degree of socialization of system design and management services is also the cause of these problems. Through the analysis of American GSP, German job system and Singapore compulsory savings old-age insurance system, its sound laws and regulations, perfect fund management, convenient transfer and other experiences are worthy of our country's reference. Finally, the author puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents in China from four aspects: perfecting the laws and regulations of endowment insurance, ensuring the investment mechanism of funds according to law, standardizing the operating mechanism of the system according to law, and strengthening the supervision and management of pension insurance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.182.3

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