本文選題：城鄉(xiāng)一體化 + 土地流轉(zhuǎn)��； 參考：《山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民的發(fā)展問(wèn)題始終是影響我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的重大問(wèn)題,長(zhǎng)久以來(lái),在城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)下,農(nóng)村的發(fā)展都始終落后于城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。因此發(fā)展好農(nóng)村,推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)一體化建設(shè)就顯得非常重要。而要解決好三農(nóng)的問(wèn)題,就必須要解決農(nóng)村的土地問(wèn)題。土地流轉(zhuǎn)是解決“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題的核心,建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村、提高農(nóng)民的生活水平,發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)都需要進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)農(nóng)村的土地流轉(zhuǎn)。黨的十八大報(bào)告指出,發(fā)展城鄉(xiāng)一體化是解決“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題的根本途徑,目的就是通過(guò)城市與鄉(xiāng)村的互動(dòng)發(fā)展,工業(yè)與農(nóng)業(yè)的互動(dòng)發(fā)展,來(lái)真正解決城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的問(wèn)題,把城鄉(xiāng)作為一個(gè)整體進(jìn)行統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃。土地作為最基本的生產(chǎn)要素,只有充分挖掘其內(nèi)在的價(jià)值,通過(guò)流轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)帶動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民的發(fā)展,從而撬動(dòng)城鄉(xiāng)之間的要素互動(dòng),推動(dòng)城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展。因此深刻理解土地流轉(zhuǎn)與城鄉(xiāng)一體化之間的關(guān)系,把握土地流轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)一體化的發(fā)展作用,就顯得至關(guān)重要。本文在梳理文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)一體化理論與土地流轉(zhuǎn)在宏觀上與微觀上進(jìn)行整理分析。在城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化、城鄉(xiāng)空間一體化與城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)一體化的視角下,通過(guò)土地流轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代、新型城鎮(zhèn)化與農(nóng)民市民化的關(guān)系與作用進(jìn)行了分析,揭示了只有在規(guī)模化的土地運(yùn)營(yíng)下才能實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化升級(jí);只有通過(guò)創(chuàng)新土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)之間的土地資源統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃才能進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè);只有通過(guò)土地流轉(zhuǎn),充分挖掘土地的潛在價(jià)值,提高農(nóng)村土地的綜合收益才能有效提高農(nóng)民的生活水平,幫助農(nóng)民實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民市民化。同時(shí)在土地流轉(zhuǎn)中的不同參與方也會(huì)采取不同的行動(dòng),通過(guò)創(chuàng)新土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式,充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)民的積極性,在政府的統(tǒng)一管理與監(jiān)督規(guī)范下引進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè),實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的技術(shù)升級(jí)與現(xiàn)代化運(yùn)營(yíng),這樣才能使土地流轉(zhuǎn)充分發(fā)揮作用,促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)的一體化發(fā)展。本文主要工作、觀點(diǎn)及結(jié)論如下:(1)土地流轉(zhuǎn)在宏觀上通過(guò)影響農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、新型城鎮(zhèn)化與農(nóng)民工市民化,分別在經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化、空間一體化與社會(huì)一體化方面促進(jìn)了城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展。農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)的首要目的就是要解放農(nóng)村的生產(chǎn)力,改變?cè)械姆稚⒒患乙粦舻慕?jīng)營(yíng)模式,通過(guò)集約化經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化升級(jí),提高農(nóng)民的生活水平。其次,在城鎮(zhèn)化不斷發(fā)展的背景下,城市擴(kuò)張開(kāi)始面臨著建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)的束縛,通過(guò)推動(dòng)農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)之間的空間一體化規(guī)劃,從而破解城市的用地難題。最后,城鄉(xiāng)一體化建設(shè)就是要提高農(nóng)民的生活水平,讓農(nóng)民能夠享受到城鄉(xiāng)一體化的公共服務(wù),特別是在農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的背景下,順利實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民工市民化至關(guān)重要,因此推進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn),充分挖掘土地的價(jià)值,對(duì)農(nóng)民的市民化具有重要意義。(2)微觀上土地流轉(zhuǎn)的參與方:農(nóng)民、政府與農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)主體,在城鄉(xiāng)一體化進(jìn)程中面對(duì)土地流轉(zhuǎn)都存在著不同的問(wèn)題以及影響因素。土地作為農(nóng)民最基本的收入來(lái)源和最重要的生活保障,在城鄉(xiāng)之間交流逐步擴(kuò)大、農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力不斷向城市轉(zhuǎn)移的背景下,農(nóng)民必然面臨著土地流轉(zhuǎn)的問(wèn)題,在教育水平、收入水平、社會(huì)保障水平、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不同的影響因素下,農(nóng)民在土地流轉(zhuǎn)中也面臨著不同的選擇。政府在農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)的過(guò)程中主要是承擔(dān)引導(dǎo)與監(jiān)督的職責(zé),但在一些具體實(shí)踐中也會(huì)有過(guò)多干涉農(nóng)民土地流轉(zhuǎn),侵犯農(nóng)民權(quán)益的問(wèn)題。政府應(yīng)在綜合考慮地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和保護(hù)農(nóng)民權(quán)益的基礎(chǔ)上,規(guī)范合理引導(dǎo)農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn),引進(jìn)先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體,創(chuàng)造適合本地發(fā)展的土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式。農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)主體在土地流轉(zhuǎn)中主要承擔(dān)土地轉(zhuǎn)入的角色,在政府鼓勵(lì)下,一些現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)通過(guò)農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)入了農(nóng)村市場(chǎng),但也由于在土地流轉(zhuǎn)方面的法律法規(guī)不健全,相關(guān)支持性的金融制度不完善導(dǎo)致一些農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)主體在進(jìn)入農(nóng)村的過(guò)程中還面臨著諸多的問(wèn)題,需要在政策上和制度上加以不斷地完善。(3)不同的土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式對(duì)于城鄉(xiāng)一體化的促進(jìn)作用不一樣。由于在土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式中參與方的參與程度不同,流轉(zhuǎn)模式的組成及績(jī)效也不一樣。在農(nóng)民之間的土地流轉(zhuǎn),往往發(fā)生在同一村集體內(nèi)部,農(nóng)民在進(jìn)城務(wù)工后將土地流轉(zhuǎn)至親戚或鄰里之間,土地流轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)于農(nóng)民的收入水平和農(nóng)村的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)較小。在“農(nóng)戶+政府+企業(yè)”的模式中,一般涉及的土地流轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)模較大,對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的改造作用明顯。在政府的牽頭和帶動(dòng)下,通過(guò)成立農(nóng)業(yè)合作社或引入先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè),農(nóng)戶可以通過(guò)土地流轉(zhuǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)較好的收入增加,社會(huì)保障水平也會(huì)有明顯的改善。特別是通過(guò)土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式的創(chuàng)新可以實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)之間的土地資源統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃,盤活農(nóng)村的建設(shè)用地和閑置的宅基地,為城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)和農(nóng)民市民化創(chuàng)造條件。
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has always been a major issue affecting the sustained and healthy development of our economy. For a long time, under the two yuan economic structure of urban and rural areas, the development of rural areas has always been lagging behind the development of urban economy. It is necessary to solve the land problem in rural areas. Land circulation is the core of solving the "three rural" problem. Building a new socialist countryside, improving the living standard of farmers and developing modern agriculture need to further promote the rural land circulation. The eighteen major reports of the party point out that the development of urban and rural integration is the fundamental way to solve the "three rural" problems. Through the interactive development of urban and rural areas and the interactive development of industry and agriculture, the purpose is to truly solve the problem of the two yuan structure in urban and rural areas, and to plan the urban and rural as a whole. As the most basic factor of production, land can only fully tap its intrinsic value and promote the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers through circulation. Therefore, the interaction between urban and rural areas is moved to promote the integration of urban and rural areas. Therefore, it is very important to understand the relationship between land circulation and urban and rural integration and to grasp the role of land circulation in the development of urban and rural integration. In view of the integration of urban and rural economy, the integration of urban and rural space and the integration of urban and rural society, the relationship and function of the agricultural modernity, the new urbanization and the citizenization of the farmers are analyzed through the land circulation, and the modernization of agriculture can be realized only under the scale of the land operation. Through the innovation of land transfer mode, the overall planning of land resources between urban and rural can further promote the construction of new towns. Only through land circulation, fully excavate the potential value of land, improve the comprehensive income of rural land, can effectively improve the living standard of farmers, help farmers to realize the citizenization of farmers. The different participants in the circulation will take different actions to make full use of the enthusiasm of the farmers through the innovation of the land circulation model, introduce the modern agricultural scale management enterprises under the unified administration and supervision of the government, and realize the technological upgrading and the modernization of the agricultural industry, in order to make the land circulation fully play a role, To promote the integration of urban and rural development. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the land circulation has promoted the integration of urban and rural areas in the aspects of economic integration, spatial integration and social integration. The primary purpose of rural land circulation is to influence the modernization of agriculture, the new urbanization and the citizenization of migrant workers. We should emancipate the productive forces of the rural areas, change the operating mode of the original decentralization family and one household, realize the modernization of agriculture through intensive management, and improve the living standard of the farmers. Secondly, in the context of the continuous development of urbanization, the urban expansion begins to face the constraints of the target of construction land, and through the promotion of the rural land transfer to realize the city. In the end, the urban and rural integration construction is to improve the living standard of the farmers, let the farmers enjoy the public service of the integration of urban and rural areas, especially in the background of the transfer of rural labor force, it is very important to realize the citizenization of the peasant workers, so the rural soil is promoted. Land circulation, fully excavating the value of land, is of great significance to the citizenization of farmers. (2) the participation of farmers, the government and the agricultural scale management body, there are different problems and influencing factors in the process of urban and rural integration in the process of urban and rural integration. Land is the most basic income source and the heaviest of farmers in the process of urban and rural integration. Under the background of the gradual expansion of urban and rural exchanges between urban and rural areas and the shifting of rural labor to the city, farmers are bound to face the problem of land circulation. Under the influence factors of educational level, income level, social security level and the level of regional economic development, farmers are also faced with different choices in the land circulation. The government should undertake the responsibility of guiding and supervising in the process of rural land circulation, but in some concrete practice, there will be too much interference in the circulation of farmers' land and the infringement of farmers' rights and interests. The government should standardize and guide the transfer of rural land rationally on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the development of local economy and protection of farmers' rights and interests, and introduce advanced technology. The main body of agricultural management creates the land transfer mode suitable for local development. The main body of agricultural scale management takes the role of land transfer mainly in the land circulation. Under the encouragement of the government, some modern agricultural production enterprises have entered the rural market through the rural land circulation, but the laws and regulations on the land circulation are not sound, The imperfect supporting financial system has caused some problems in the process of entering the rural areas, which need to be perfected in policy and system. (3) the role of different land transfer modes for urban and rural integration is different. The proportion of participation is different, and the composition and performance of the transfer mode are different. Land circulation among farmers often occurs within the same village. Farmers transfer the land to relatives or neighbourhoods after working in the city. Land circulation contributes less to the income level of farmers and the economic development of rural areas. "Farmers + government + enterprises" In the model, the large scale of land circulation is generally involved in the transformation of agricultural modernization. Under the lead and lead of the government, through the establishment of agricultural cooperatives or the introduction of advanced agricultural enterprises, farmers can achieve better income increase through land circulation, and the level of social security will also be obviously improved. It is through the innovation of the land circulation model that the overall planning of land resources between urban and rural areas can be realized, the rural construction land and the idle homestead are reinvigorated, and the conditions for the urbanization and the citizenization of the peasants are created.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F321.1

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