本文選題：福利多元主義　切入點：弱勢兒童　出處：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：兒童福利制度的構(gòu)建雖然日漸引起了學者們的關(guān)注，但是有關(guān)如何建構(gòu)具有中國特色的兒童福利制度這一議題，還是缺乏系統(tǒng)的研究。在近二十多年的歷史性變革中，我國弱勢兒童群體的范圍相應(yīng)擴大，使得我國弱勢兒童群體內(nèi)部的復雜程度和多樣性遠遠超過了西方發(fā)達國家，呈現(xiàn)出和世界上許多國家弱勢兒童群體不同的特征。本研究的理論意義就在于研究社會福利轉(zhuǎn)型過程中弱勢兒童群體的社會福利安排，并通過對福利多元主義理論和廣義社會福利概念的探討，力圖在我國現(xiàn)行兒童福利的基礎(chǔ)上改造出一條福利多元主義建構(gòu)下的中國化路徑。從現(xiàn)實意義看，我國擁有三億多兒童，兒童是祖國的未來，是民族的希望，是未來社會的生產(chǎn)力。我國育兒事務(wù)的主要承擔者長期以來一直是家庭，而如今我國處于社會轉(zhuǎn)型期，社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展與環(huán)境的變遷導致了家庭的結(jié)構(gòu)及功能發(fā)生了變化，因而致使家庭的育兒功能降低。因此，當以往的育兒途徑出現(xiàn)問題時，如何建構(gòu)適合我國國情的兒童福利制度，為家庭的育兒事務(wù)提供政策化的國家支持，是當前面臨的一大課題。更為重要的是，救助保護弱勢兒童是我國治理社會問題和化解社會風險，構(gòu)建和諧社會的重要任務(wù)，亟待社會保障的研究者踐行。 鑒于此，本研究采用福利多元主義的研究框架，對我國社會轉(zhuǎn)型下的弱勢兒童群體的福利制度進行了深入分析，并總結(jié)了改革開放三十年來我國在弱勢兒童福利建設(shè)方面取得的成績和存在的問題，從家庭、國家、社區(qū)與志愿組織這四個福利主體各自責任與聯(lián)動的視角出發(fā)，分析了我國弱勢兒童福利的缺失原因，并通過比較西方發(fā)達國家的兒童福利發(fā)展狀況，借鑒了瑞典、美國與日本在兒童福利事業(yè)方面的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗，明確提出了我國兒童福利的建設(shè)思路。在研究過程中，，主要采取的研究方法是文獻研究和比較研究。通過理論聯(lián)系實際，在分析了兒童福利的基礎(chǔ)理論之上，對我國現(xiàn)行的針對弱勢兒童群體的福利制度進行了客觀的評價，并運用福利多元主義的分析框架，同時借鑒國際的成功經(jīng)驗，提出了完善我國弱勢兒童群體社會福利的相關(guān)建議。具體有四點：堅持以家庭為中心與改善問題家庭生存環(huán)境并舉；加快弱勢兒童福利制度的頂層設(shè)計建設(shè)；提升社區(qū)兒童福利中心的供給層次；規(guī)范與鼓勵民間組織參與兒童社會福利建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Although the construction of child welfare system has attracted more and more scholars' attention, there is still no systematic research on how to construct a child welfare system with Chinese characteristics.In the past twenty years of historical changes, the scope of the vulnerable children in China has been expanded, which makes the complexity and diversity of the vulnerable children in our country far exceed that of the western developed countries.It presents different characteristics from the vulnerable groups of children in many countries around the world.The theoretical significance of this study is to study the social welfare arrangements of vulnerable children in the process of social welfare transformation, and to explore the theory of welfare pluralism and the concept of social welfare in a broad sense.On the basis of the current child welfare in China, the author tries to reform a Chinese way of welfare pluralism.In practical sense, China has more than 300 million children. Children are the future of the motherland, the hope of the nation and the productive forces of the future society.The main bearers of childcare affairs in China have been families for a long time, but now our country is in the period of social transformation, the development of social economy and the changes of environment have led to changes in the structure and functions of families.As a result, the parental function of the family is reduced.Therefore, how to construct the child welfare system suitable for the situation of our country and provide policy support for the parental affairs of the family is one of the major problems now.More importantly, rescuing and protecting vulnerable children is an important task to solve social problems, resolve social risks and build a harmonious society.In view of this, this study adopts the research framework of welfare pluralism to deeply analyze the welfare system of the vulnerable children under the social transition in China.It also summarizes the achievements and problems in the welfare construction of vulnerable children in China during the past 30 years of reform and opening up, starting from the perspective of the responsibility and linkage of the four welfare subjects: family, state, community and voluntary organizations.This paper analyzes the reasons for the lack of welfare of vulnerable children in China, and draws lessons from the experiences of Sweden, the United States and Japan in the development of child welfare by comparing the development of child welfare in the western developed countries.Clearly put forward our country child welfare construction thought.In the research process, the main research methods are literature research and comparative research.On the basis of analyzing the basic theory of children's welfare, this paper makes an objective evaluation of the current welfare system for the vulnerable groups of children through the combination of theory and practice, and applies the analysis frame of welfare pluralism.At the same time, draw lessons from the international successful experience, put forward some suggestions to improve the social welfare of the disadvantaged children in China.There are four specific points: insisting on taking the family as the center and improving the living environment of the problem family; speeding up the top-level design and construction of the welfare system for the disadvantaged children; promoting the supply level of the community child welfare center;To standardize and encourage the participation of civil society organizations in the construction of children's social welfare.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.5;D632.1

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本文編號：1701088