本文選題：水源地　切入點(diǎn)：生計資本　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水資源安全是影響我國生態(tài)安全的重要問題之一。我國水資源具有時空分布不均勻、人均占有量少、人類活動影響顯著等諸多特點(diǎn),加之我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會迅速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致水資源供需矛盾突出,水資源污染嚴(yán)重。設(shè)立水資源保護(hù)區(qū),加強(qiáng)水資源保護(hù),是確保我國生態(tài)安全的重要舉措之一。但是對于依賴自然保護(hù)區(qū)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)和生活的農(nóng)戶而言,水資源保護(hù)區(qū)的建立會對當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)戶產(chǎn)生巨大影響。由于農(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn)和生活方式受到保護(hù)區(qū)規(guī)章制度的嚴(yán)格限制,農(nóng)戶生計問題受到制約,最終在短期內(nèi)形成了水資源保護(hù)區(qū)的建設(shè)與當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)戶生計“互不相容”的局面。如何解決上游“吃飯”和下游“喝水”的問題,最終形成水源保護(hù)和農(nóng)戶生計長期“相互依賴”的局面,是政府和社會各界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問題。本文以云蒙湖水源地保護(hù)區(qū)為例,探究水源地保護(hù)區(qū)農(nóng)戶的生計問題。本文在對山東省蒙陰縣云蒙湖水源地保護(hù)區(qū)周邊農(nóng)戶實(shí)地調(diào)研基礎(chǔ)上,采用參與性農(nóng)戶評估方法(PRA)進(jìn)行農(nóng)戶調(diào)查以獲取相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),借助英國國際發(fā)展部(DFID)開發(fā)的可持續(xù)生計分析框架,從人力資本、自然資本、金融資本、物質(zhì)資本和社會資本五個方面分析農(nóng)戶生計資本和生計活動特征,探討保護(hù)區(qū)當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)戶生計問題,最終得出以下三個結(jié)論:(1)云蒙湖水源地保護(hù)區(qū)農(nóng)戶生計資本中五項(xiàng)生計指標(biāo)的指標(biāo)數(shù)以及生計資本總指數(shù)均落后于蒙陰縣普通農(nóng)戶。水源地保護(hù)區(qū)的設(shè)立,對農(nóng)戶生計產(chǎn)生一定影響。但是,目前的生態(tài)補(bǔ)償政策對保護(hù)區(qū)農(nóng)戶的幫助有限,因此應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)一步完善生態(tài)補(bǔ)償政策。(2)云蒙湖水源地保護(hù)區(qū)農(nóng)戶生計活動產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)變。農(nóng)戶的生計活動由傳統(tǒng)的種養(yǎng)業(yè)向非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變:農(nóng)戶以種植業(yè)和畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)為主轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橥獬龃蚬�、做零活、�?jīng)商為主,種植業(yè)為輔的生計活動方式。(3)云蒙湖水源地保護(hù)區(qū)農(nóng)戶的生計活動多樣性大大增加但多樣化指數(shù)仍低于蒙陰縣普通農(nóng)戶。水源地保護(hù)區(qū)農(nóng)戶由于受保護(hù)政策的影響,為了滿足其生活需要,農(nóng)戶不得不增加生計方式,重新設(shè)定生計組合策略。但是受資源稟賦、教育情況、社會資源等多項(xiàng)因素的影響,云蒙湖水源地保護(hù)區(qū)農(nóng)戶和蒙陰縣普通農(nóng)戶的生計多樣化指數(shù)仍存在一定差距。為改善農(nóng)戶的生計,促進(jìn)水源保護(hù)與農(nóng)戶生計的“共贏”,筆者在完善保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度,提高水源地農(nóng)戶就業(yè)能力和就業(yè)水平,促進(jìn)環(huán)境友好型區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,提高水源地農(nóng)戶社會保障水平四個方面相應(yīng)的提出改善保護(hù)區(qū)農(nóng)戶生計的對策建議。
[Abstract]:Water resources security is one of the most important problems affecting the ecological security of our country. The water resources in our country are characterized by uneven distribution of time and space, less per capita possession, significant impact on human activities, and so on. In addition, the rapid economic and social development of our country has led to the prominent contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, serious pollution of water resources, establishment of water resources protection zones and strengthening of water resources protection. Is one of the important measures to ensure ecological security in China. But for farmers who depend on nature reserves for production and living, The establishment of water resources reserves will have a great impact on local farmers. Because the production and lifestyle of farmers are severely restricted by the regulations and rules of the reserve, the livelihood of farmers is restricted. Finally, in the short term, the construction of water resources reserves is "incompatible" with the livelihood of local farmers. How to solve the problems of "eating" upstream and "drinking water" downstream? Finally, the long-term "interdependence" between water conservation and farmers' livelihood is the focus of attention of the government and all sectors of society. This paper takes the Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve as an example. Based on the field investigation of farmers around Yunmenghu Lake Water Source Reserve in Mengyin County, Shandong Province, the participatory farmer assessment method is used to investigate farmers' livelihood in order to obtain relevant data. With the help of the sustainable livelihood analysis framework developed by DFID, this paper analyzes the characteristics of farmers' livelihood capital and livelihood activities from five aspects: human capital, natural capital, financial capital, material capital and social capital. To explore the livelihood of local farmers in protected areas, Finally, the following three conclusions are drawn: (1) the index numbers of five livelihood indexes and the total index of livelihood capital of farmers in Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve lag behind those of ordinary farmers in Mengyin County. However, the current policy of ecological compensation is of limited help to farmers in protected areas. Therefore, the ecological compensation policy should be further improved. 2) the livelihood activities of farmers in Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve have changed from traditional planting and raising to non-agricultural industries. The main change is to go out to work, Doing odd jobs, mainly doing business, The diversity of livelihood activities of farmers in Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve is greatly increased, but the diversification index is still lower than that of ordinary farmers in Mengyin County. In order to meet their living needs, farmers have to increase their livelihood style and reset their livelihood combination strategy. However, they are influenced by many factors, such as resource endowment, education, social resources, etc. There is still a certain gap between farmers' livelihood diversity index in Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve and ordinary farmers in Mengyin County. In order to improve the livelihood of farmers and promote the "win-win" between water conservation and farmers' livelihood, the author is perfecting the ecological compensation system of protected areas. To improve the employability and employment level of farmers in water source areas, to promote the development of environment-friendly regional industries, and to improve the social security level of farmers in water source areas, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the livelihood of farmers in protected areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.8

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