本文選題：加圖研究所　切入點(diǎn)：美國　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)美國賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)“智庫與市民社會(huì)項(xiàng)目”(The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program)的研究,加圖研究所是當(dāng)今美國國內(nèi)政策研究領(lǐng)域的十大頂尖智庫之一,在美國社會(huì)的許多領(lǐng)域都有著重要的影響力。與其他美國的頂尖智庫相比,加圖研究所最大的獨(dú)特之處在于,它并不屬于美國政治中傳統(tǒng)的自由派與保守派兩大陣營,而是秉持自由意志主義的思想理念,這使得其在美國的頂尖智庫中獨(dú)樹一幟。加圖研究所由一個(gè)默默無聞的政策研究機(jī)構(gòu),發(fā)展為當(dāng)今美國的知名智庫,除了時(shí)代的機(jī)遇和得當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)營策略,更與其自由意志主義理念有著直接的關(guān)系。新世紀(jì)以來,特別是2008年金融危機(jī)后美國政治所經(jīng)歷的一系列事件表明自由意志主義理念正在成為當(dāng)代美國政治思潮中的一股新興力量。而加圖研究所的成功正是得益于自由意志主義理念在美國社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展。借助于大量一手史料和前人研究成果,本文將以加圖研究所為研究對(duì)象,探究該所的發(fā)展歷程,并對(duì)其所秉持的自由意志主義理念的理論淵源和歷史演變進(jìn)行梳理,同時(shí)就加圖研究所如何在具體的政治議程中實(shí)踐這一理念,并由此突破美國傳統(tǒng)的兩極政治格局,成為當(dāng)今美國獨(dú)具思想特色的頂尖智庫進(jìn)行更為深入地研究。通過這一研究,助于我們進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)到當(dāng)代美國的智庫文化,以及當(dāng)今美國政治可能正在經(jīng)歷的一些重要變化。除引言和結(jié)語外,本文將分為三個(gè)章節(jié),第一章對(duì)加圖研究所的成立背景、發(fā)展歷程、組織機(jī)構(gòu)和其影響力來源等問題進(jìn)行初步介紹。第二章則從理論淵源和時(shí)代背景兩大視角出發(fā)對(duì)現(xiàn)代美國自由意志主義理念的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展進(jìn)行研究,并分析這一理念對(duì)于加圖研究所政治立場(chǎng)和政策觀點(diǎn)的影響。第三章是案例研究,以20世紀(jì)70年代末以來美國的社會(huì)保障制度改革和2010后美國反奧巴馬醫(yī)改法案的一系列司法訴訟案為案例,研究加圖研究所如何在現(xiàn)實(shí)中實(shí)踐其自由意志主義理念,并產(chǎn)生了哪些影響。由此進(jìn)一步分析這一理念的特征和局限,及其給加圖研究所的發(fā)展所帶來的影響等問題。
[Abstract]:According to the University of Pennsylvania in the United States think tank and civil society project "(The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program) of the Cato Institute is one of the top ten domestic policy research think-tank in the United States today, all have important influence in many fields of American society. Compared with other leading think tanks in the United States, Cato studies unique the biggest is that it does not belong to the liberal tradition of American politics and conservative two camps, but with libertarian ideas, which makes it become an independent school in the United States. The top think tank Cato Institute by the Policy Research Institute, a think-tank for the development of well-known unknown to the public, in the United States, in addition to the times the opportunity and the appropriate operating strategy, and more libertarian has a direct relationship. Since the new century, especially the 2008 financial crisis A series of political events in the United States experienced after the machine showed that the libertarian idea is becoming an emerging force in contemporary political thought in the United States. But the Cato Institute's success is due to the libertarian philosophy in the rapid development of American society. With the help of a large number of first-hand historical data and previous research results, this paper will explain research institute as the research object, explore the history of the development of the Institute, and to uphold the libertarian theory of the origin and evolution of carding, and at the same time, the Cato Institute in specific political agenda in the practice of this concept, and thus breaks through the traditional American polar politics, becoming the top think tank today the United States has thinking characteristics for more in-depth study. Through this research, helps us to further understanding of contemporary culture in the United States think tank, and the American political Some important changes are going through. Except the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into three chapters, the first chapter of the research background of the establishment of the Cato, development course, problems of organization and its influence source are introduced. The second chapter from the theoretical origin and background of the two perspective on the emergence and development of modern the United States libertarian philosophy research, and analyze the influence of this theory for the Cato Institute of politics and policy issues. The third chapter is the case study, in 1970s since the end of the American social security system reform and the 2010 after the United States anti Obama health care reform bill a series of judicial litigation as a case study to the Cato Institute in practice the libertarian philosophy, and to produce what effect. The further analysis of the characteristics and limitations of this concept, and to research the Cato The impact of the development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C932

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