本文關(guān)鍵詞： 失地農(nóng)民 憲法權(quán)利 土地征收 社會(huì)保障　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國憲法規(guī)定了公民的基本權(quán)利,對(duì)公民基本權(quán)利的保護(hù)是現(xiàn)代法治社會(huì)的本質(zhì)與核心,也是憲法與憲政的宗旨和精髓①。因此,確認(rèn)、維護(hù)和保障公民的基本權(quán)利,是現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中的重要任務(wù)和目標(biāo),也是我國法治社會(huì)進(jìn)程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。隨著我國城市化、工業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展,農(nóng)村的土地被大幅度地征用,大量失地農(nóng)民隨之產(chǎn)生,而且失地農(nóng)民的數(shù)量每年都在快速地增加。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),目前我國的失地農(nóng)民數(shù)量已經(jīng)達(dá)到7000萬,每年因征地而新增的失地農(nóng)民數(shù)量在400萬左右,他們失去的不僅是其賴以生存的土地,更是與其土地相關(guān)的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)、勞動(dòng)就業(yè)權(quán)、社會(huì)保障權(quán)等一系列的基本權(quán)利。由于長期存在的城鄉(xiāng)二元體制、不合理的土地征收制度和不健全的社會(huì)保障制度等因素,導(dǎo)致我國失地農(nóng)民的基本權(quán)利得不到有效地保護(hù),失地農(nóng)民逐漸成了城市化進(jìn)程中的弱勢群體,在社會(huì)的最底層掙扎。如何保障失地農(nóng)民的權(quán)利己成為貫徹實(shí)施憲法、實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平、構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)所必須研究和解決的重要課題。本文從憲法的角度,以憲法賦予公民的基本權(quán)利為核心,將失地農(nóng)民的權(quán)利保障作為研究對(duì)象,采用理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合、宏觀與微觀相結(jié)合、比較分析等方法進(jìn)行研究。首先,依據(jù)憲法和法律對(duì)失地農(nóng)民的法律概念作了明確的界定,并列舉了保障失地農(nóng)民權(quán)利的憲法依據(jù),在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了保障失地農(nóng)民權(quán)利的憲法意義。其次,分析了我國失地農(nóng)民權(quán)利保障缺失的現(xiàn)狀,例如：生活水平下降,再就業(yè)比較困難,養(yǎng)老保障、醫(yī)療保障嚴(yán)重缺失等,并從我國目前的城鄉(xiāng)二元社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、土地征收補(bǔ)償制度和社會(huì)保障制度為著眼點(diǎn),剖析了失地農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失的原因。最后,針對(duì)失地農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失的原因,筆者提出了進(jìn)行戶籍制度改革、完善社會(huì)保障制度體系建設(shè)、加強(qiáng)失地農(nóng)民的再就業(yè)等相關(guān)建議和對(duì)策。希望借此能為我國失地農(nóng)民問題的解決提供一點(diǎn)理論幫助,并為更好地保障失地農(nóng)民的權(quán)利貢獻(xiàn)出自己的一份力量。
[Abstract]:The protection of the basic rights of citizens is the essence and core of the modern society ruled by law, as well as the purpose and essence of the constitution and constitutionalism. It is an important task and goal in the process of modernization and also an important link in the process of ruling by law in our country. With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in our country, land in rural areas has been requisitioned by a large margin, and a large number of land-lost peasants have been produced. Moreover, the number of land-lost farmers is increasing rapidly every year. According to statistics, the number of land-lost farmers in China has reached 70 million at present, and the number of new land-lost farmers due to land requisition is about 4 million each year. What they have lost is not only the land on which they depend for their survival, but also a series of basic rights related to their land property rights, the right to employment, the right to social security, and so on. As a result of the long-standing dual urban-rural system, The unreasonable land expropriation system and the imperfect social security system lead to the lack of effective protection of the basic rights of the landless peasants, and the landless peasants have gradually become the vulnerable groups in the process of urbanization. How to protect the rights of landless peasants has become an important subject for the implementation of the Constitution, the realization of social justice and the construction of a harmonious socialist society. Taking the basic rights granted by the Constitution as the core, taking the protection of the rights of landless peasants as the research object, the author adopts the methods of combining theory with practice, macro and micro, comparative analysis and so on. According to the constitution and law, this paper defines the legal concept of land-lost farmers, and enumerates the constitutional basis of protecting the rights of landless peasants, and then analyzes the constitutional significance of protecting the rights of landless peasants. This paper analyzes the current situation of the loss of the rights of landless peasants in China, such as the decline of living standard, the difficulty of re-employment, the serious lack of old-age security and medical security, and from the current dual social and economic system of urban and rural areas in China. Based on the compensation system of land expropriation and the social security system, this paper analyzes the reasons for the lack of the rights of the landless peasants. Finally, the author puts forward the reform of the household registration system in view of the reasons for the lack of the rights of the landless peasants. Improving the construction of social security system, strengthening the re-employment of landless farmers and other relevant suggestions and countermeasures. I hope this can provide some theoretical help for solving the problem of land-lost farmers in our country. And for better protection of the rights of land-losing farmers to contribute their own strength.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D921;D922.3

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本文編號(hào)：1526118