本文關(guān)鍵詞： 流浪兒童 救助保護(hù) 未成年人保護(hù)中心 非政府組織　出處：《山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)末，流浪兒童問題已經(jīng)成為世界性的話題。處于經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型中的中國(guó)，流浪兒童作為未成年人當(dāng)中的一個(gè)特殊弱勢(shì)群體已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前社會(huì)中一個(gè)不容忽視的群體而存在。在我國(guó)流浪兒童人數(shù)已達(dá)百萬人次，很多城市的街頭流浪兒童流浪現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重。我國(guó)政府正在努力解決這一問題，由各政府民政部門與當(dāng)?shù)卣浜辖⒌牧骼藘和戎Ｗo(hù)中心已達(dá)130多個(gè)。但政府為主導(dǎo)的救助模式在實(shí)踐中面臨很多困惑和問題，民間和社會(huì)救助的力量仍未有效開發(fā)，因此，努力構(gòu)建流浪兒童多元救助服務(wù)體系這一任務(wù)勢(shì)在必行。 本文運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)分析法，通過對(duì)救助站的實(shí)地調(diào)查和對(duì)太原市流浪未成年人的問卷調(diào)查分析，總結(jié)出太原市流浪未成年人大量存在的原因以及救助模式運(yùn)行中的缺陷。通過比較國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)美國(guó)、英國(guó)、日本三個(gè)國(guó)家流浪兒童救助模式進(jìn)行比較借鑒，例如英國(guó)的非政府組織進(jìn)行流浪兒童救助的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，美國(guó)街頭兒童三項(xiàng)救助計(jì)劃，日本的以家庭為核心的寄養(yǎng)模式，并結(jié)合太原市的實(shí)際情況，提出適宜太原市流浪兒童救助的政策及建議。 建立健全太原市流浪兒童救助保護(hù)體系，首先必須秉持法制理念，堅(jiān)持立法先行。建立健全未成年人法律和制度體系，必須構(gòu)建流浪兒童社會(huì)保障制度、問題監(jiān)護(hù)人監(jiān)督制度和不良少年矯正制度。其次，，要注意加強(qiáng)民間組織和社區(qū)的救助力量，構(gòu)建流浪兒童多元救助服務(wù)體系。三是實(shí)現(xiàn)流浪兒童源頭預(yù)防，家庭、學(xué)校、社會(huì)多方協(xié)作，切斷兒童流浪的源頭。
[Abstract]:By the end of 20th century, the problem of street children had become a worldwide topic. China was in the process of economic and social transformation. As a special vulnerable group among minors, street children have become a group that can not be ignored in the current society. In our country, the number of street children has reached one million people. The phenomenon of street children in many cities is very serious. Our government is trying to solve this problem. More than 130 relief and protection centers for street children have been set up by various government civil affairs departments in cooperation with local governments. However, the government-led rescue model faces many puzzles and problems in practice, and the forces of civil and social assistance have not yet been effectively developed. Therefore, it is imperative to build a multi-dimensional relief service system for street children. This paper applies data analysis method, through the field investigation to the relief station and the questionnaire survey to the street minor in Taiyuan, This paper summarizes the reasons for the large number of street minors in Taiyuan City and the defects in the operation of the relief mode. By comparing the foreign experiences, the paper compares the relief modes of street children in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. For example, the experience of British non-governmental organizations in helping street children, the three aid programs for street children in the United States, the family-centered foster care model in Japan, and the actual situation in Taiyuan City. To put forward the appropriate policy and suggestions for the rescue of street children in Taiyuan. In order to establish and improve the relief and protection system for street children in Taiyuan, we must first uphold the concept of legal system and insist on legislating first, establish and perfect the legal and institutional system for minors, and construct a social security system for street children. Problem guardian supervision system and maladjusted juvenile correction system. Secondly, attention should be paid to strengthening the rescue power of non-governmental organizations and communities, and building a pluralistic relief service system for street children. Third, it is necessary to realize the prevention of the source of street children, families and schools. Social cooperation in various ways to cut off the source of children's vagrancy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D632.1;D669.5

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