本文關(guān)鍵詞： 宅基地?fù)Q房 土地流轉(zhuǎn) 補(bǔ)償安置 增值收益 社會(huì)保障　出處：《福建師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,城鄉(xiāng)利益格局出現(xiàn)了新的變化。為滿足城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展對土地和資金的需求,突破農(nóng)村宅基地只增不減的瓶頸,各地紛紛推出自上而下、政府主導(dǎo)的宅基地?fù)Q房改革,宅基地?fù)Q房是指農(nóng)民用宅基地使用權(quán)及地上附著物換取小城鎮(zhèn)安置房,原有的宅基地收歸集體復(fù)墾,對節(jié)余的土地再流轉(zhuǎn)的行為。作為一種探索中的土地改革,其外發(fā)性的特征和土地資源的先天利益沖動(dòng),決定了其在執(zhí)行過程中很容易侵害農(nóng)民權(quán)益,使流轉(zhuǎn)利益向城市而非農(nóng)村傾斜,可能帶來的社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不容忽視。本文從“弱勢群體農(nóng)民權(quán)益保護(hù)”的角度出發(fā),運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法、比較研究法、實(shí)證分析法,總結(jié)試點(diǎn)中的現(xiàn)存問題并提出若干建議,充分意識到改革能否成功的關(guān)鍵在于平衡政府、集體和農(nóng)民三者的利益。其中,提高農(nóng)民參與的積極性,使農(nóng)民切實(shí)獲益才是問題的核心所在。本文共分為四個(gè)部分：第一部分：宅基地?fù)Q房的內(nèi)涵與法學(xué)分析。該部分介紹了宅基地?fù)Q房的內(nèi)涵和基本操作流程,分析存在的理論基礎(chǔ),總結(jié)其中的民事、行政、經(jīng)濟(jì)法律關(guān)系,根據(jù)置換前后土地權(quán)屬的變化,將本質(zhì)界定為集體土地內(nèi)部用途整理和新型征收。第二部分：宅基地?fù)Q房的依據(jù)與實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀。該部分對宅基地?fù)Q房這一改革探索產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)實(shí)背景和戰(zhàn)略背景進(jìn)行介紹,梳理中央及地方的相關(guān)法規(guī)政策,重點(diǎn)介紹天津“華明鎮(zhèn)”模式的典型實(shí)踐,結(jié)合嘉興、成都、北京等其他探索模式,為下文發(fā)現(xiàn)問題奠定基礎(chǔ)。第三部分：宅基地?fù)Q房中農(nóng)民權(quán)益保護(hù)的現(xiàn)存問題。該部分從農(nóng)民意志體現(xiàn)不充分,置換辦法內(nèi)容合理性不足,增值收益分配有失均衡,社會(huì)保障供給不足等方面對宅基地?fù)Q房的現(xiàn)存問題進(jìn)行闡述,認(rèn)識到弱勢群體之所以弱勢往往在于話語權(quán)不足,要保障農(nóng)民權(quán)益還有待進(jìn)一步完善改革。第四部分：宅基地?fù)Q房中農(nóng)民權(quán)益的法律保護(hù)建議。本部分針對前文提出的問題,提出若干解決建議。一是提升換房中農(nóng)民的參與度,基于民事主體的平等性,賦予農(nóng)民參與換房和如何換房的最終決定權(quán)。二是增強(qiáng)宅基地?fù)Q房辦法的合理性,調(diào)整補(bǔ)償辦法明確救濟(jì)途徑。三是建立宅基地?fù)Q房增值收益分配機(jī)制,賦予政府、集體、農(nóng)民民主協(xié)商利益的可能性。四是強(qiáng)化宅基地?fù)Q房農(nóng)民的社會(huì)保障,以漸進(jìn)性的方式逐步推進(jìn)農(nóng)村社保內(nèi)容。五是完善宅基地?fù)Q房的配套措施,明晰權(quán)屬登記,落實(shí)規(guī)劃管制。六是健全宅基地?fù)Q房相關(guān)法律法規(guī),修改現(xiàn)行不相適應(yīng)的法規(guī),適時(shí)出臺換房具體立法,最重要的還是在法律實(shí)施過程中提升行政隊(duì)伍的依法辦事能力。
[Abstract]:With the economic development of our country, new changes have taken place in the pattern of urban and rural interests. In order to meet the demand of urban development for land and capital, and to break through the bottleneck of only increasing and decreasing the number of rural homestead, all over the country have introduced top-down from top to bottom one after another. Government led the reform of homestead exchange, homestead exchange means that farmers use the right to use homestead and objects attached to the ground in exchange for small town housing, and the original homestead is reclaimed by collective reclamation. As a kind of land reform under exploration, its externality and innate interest impulse of land resources determine that it is easy to infringe the rights and interests of farmers in the process of implementation. The social risks that may be brought about by skewing the benefit of circulation to the city rather than the countryside can not be ignored. From the angle of "protecting the rights and interests of the peasants of the vulnerable group", this paper applies the literature research method, the comparative research method and the empirical analysis method. Summing up the existing problems in the pilot project and putting forward a number of recommendations, fully aware that the key to the success of the reform lies in balancing the interests of the government, the collective and the peasants, among which, the enthusiasm of farmers for participation is enhanced, This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: the connotation and legal analysis of homestead exchange. This part introduces the connotation and basic operation flow of homestead exchange. Analyzing the theoretical basis of existence, summing up the civil, administrative, economic and legal relationships among them, according to the changes of land ownership before and after the replacement, This part defines the essence as the consolidation of collective land internal use and new expropriation. The second part: the basis and practice of homestead exchange. This part introduces the realistic background and strategic background of the reform and exploration of the homestead exchange. Combing the relevant laws and regulations of the central and local governments, focusing on the typical practice of the "Huaming Town" model in Tianjin, combining with other exploration models such as Jiaxing, Chengdu, Beijing, etc. The third part: the existing problems in the protection of farmers' rights and interests in the homestead exchange. This part reflects the insufficient will of the farmers, the replacement method is not reasonable enough, the distribution of value-added income is out of balance. From the aspects of insufficient supply of social security and other aspects, this paper expounds the existing problems of house land exchange, and recognizes that the weak groups often lie in the lack of the right to speak. To protect the rights and interests of farmers need to be further improved and reformed. Part 4th: suggestions on the legal protection of farmers' rights and interests in house exchange. In this part, some suggestions are put forward to solve the problems raised above. One is to enhance the participation of farmers in the exchange of houses. Based on the equality of civil subjects, the farmers are given the final decision to participate in the change of houses and how to change houses. The second is to strengthen the rationality of the method of changing houses on the homestead. The third is to establish the distribution mechanism of the value-added income of the homestead exchange, to endow the government, the collective and the farmers with the possibility of democratic negotiation of benefits, and fourth, to strengthen the social security of the homestead farmers. The contents of social security in rural areas should be gradually promoted in a gradual manner. Fifth, it is necessary to improve the supporting measures for housing exchange on homestead, clarify the registration of tenure, and implement planning and control. Sixth, it is necessary to improve the relevant laws and regulations on housing exchange and revise the existing laws and regulations that are not suitable for them. Timely introduction of specific legislation, the most important thing is in the implementation of the law to enhance the administrative team's ability to handle affairs according to law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.2;D922.3

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本文編號：1508734