本文關(guān)鍵詞： 進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民 宅基地退出 法律保障　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：土地是關(guān)切農(nóng)民生存利益的根本性資源,其中宅基地則是根本中的根本,為農(nóng)民修建遮風(fēng)避雨的居所提供了條件。宅基地是具有社會(huì)保障功能和資產(chǎn)功能的特殊財(cái)產(chǎn),對于農(nóng)民來說至關(guān)重要。然而,隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn),一方面,農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力向城市的流動(dòng)使得農(nóng)村大量宅基地閑置；另一方面,城鎮(zhèn)化的發(fā)展又對有限的土地資源提出了新要求。因此,需要根據(jù)時(shí)下社會(huì)發(fā)展的新情況對土地資源的利用進(jìn)行重新調(diào)整。結(jié)合當(dāng)下的城鎮(zhèn)化趨勢,進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民不斷增多,而空出來的宅基地正好可以彌補(bǔ)城鎮(zhèn)化用地的缺口,因此國務(wù)院在其規(guī)范性文件中確認(rèn)了“宅基地有償退出”這一雙贏的模式。進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民的宅基地有償退出是一個(gè)新的土地資源流動(dòng)模式,其中涉及到的諸多問題都值得探討,本文從農(nóng)民權(quán)益保障入手,對進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民宅基地有償退出的相關(guān)法律保障制度進(jìn)行研究。除了引言和結(jié)語,本文分為以下四個(gè)部分：第一部分,進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民宅基地有償退出的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)。通過先對我國宅基地制度演變歷程的梳理得出現(xiàn)行宅基地制度改革的必要性,再將其與新型城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展、戶籍制度改革下進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民土地財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益實(shí)現(xiàn)的需要等現(xiàn)實(shí)問題相結(jié)合,論證解決“進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民宅基地有償退出”這一問題的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。第二部分,進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民宅基地有償退出的現(xiàn)行規(guī)定與地方探索。由于國內(nèi)關(guān)于宅基地退出的現(xiàn)行規(guī)定主要是數(shù)量龐雜的規(guī)范性文件,故無法對其全部整理。筆者主要從宅基地退出中申請主體、退出程序、退出補(bǔ)償及退出的監(jiān)管和救濟(jì)制度幾個(gè)方面為內(nèi)容來整理了部分典型性規(guī)定。比較這些規(guī)定的異同,發(fā)現(xiàn)其存在的問題。然后,這部分還選取了國內(nèi)宅基地有償退出試點(diǎn)的三個(gè)典型地方——天津、重慶、浙江。從它們關(guān)于宅基地有償退出的實(shí)踐操作中總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷,為后文建立和完善宅基地退出的法律制度保障找到依據(jù)。第三部分,進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民宅基地有償退出的困境及困境的成因分析。這部分一方面是從前述現(xiàn)行規(guī)定及實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出了宅基地退出申請主體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一致、退地程序趨行政化、退地補(bǔ)償不合理、退地監(jiān)管和救濟(jì)乏力四大問題,另一方面則從宅基地退出系統(tǒng)保障理念不夠、高位階立法文件缺失及地區(qū)差異導(dǎo)致的具體困難三個(gè)方面對前面總結(jié)的問題進(jìn)行了原因分析。第四部分,有序推進(jìn)進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民宅基地有償退出的制度保障。這部分是針對前面第二、第三部分分析的宅基地有償退出制度規(guī)范和實(shí)踐的現(xiàn)狀、存在的問題及問題成因而設(shè)計(jì)。主要從重塑退地過程中法律保障的基本理念、探索進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民有償退出宅基地規(guī)則的法律化、考慮宅基地有償退出制度規(guī)范應(yīng)規(guī)定的內(nèi)容并作出宅基地有償退出法律保障的具體規(guī)則設(shè)計(jì)這些方面來完成對進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民宅基地有償退出的法律保障。其中,具體規(guī)則設(shè)計(jì)包括了設(shè)定宅基地有償退出的條件、豐富退地補(bǔ)償內(nèi)容、制定補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、設(shè)定農(nóng)民參與宅基地有償退出的制度、建立和完善宅基地有償退出的監(jiān)管、救濟(jì)及配套措施保障制度。
[Abstract]:Land is the basic resources for survival interests of the farmers concerned, the homestead is the root of the root, provides conditions for farmers to build residence. The homestead is a special property has the social security function and property function, is crucial for farmers. However, with the development of China's economy and urbanization the one hand, a large number of rural homestead idle make rural labor migrating to the city; on the other hand, the development of urbanization and puts forward new requirements on the limited land resources. Therefore, need to re adjust the use of land resources under the new situation of the social development. With the urbanization trend of the moment. The city settled farmers continued to increase, while the air out of the homestead can make up for the gap of urbanization, so the State Council in its normative documents in the recognition of "homestead paid Out of the win-win model. Farmers settled in the city of homestead paid exit is a new land resource flow model, which involves many problems are worth discussing, this article from the protection of farmers' rights and interests of farmers settled in the city of homestead paid exit related legal guarantee system. In addition to the introduction and conclusion in this paper, divided into the following four parts: the first part, the theory and the reality of farmers settled in the city of homestead paid exit. The first evolution of China's land system combing the necessity for reform of homestead system, and the development of new urbanization, the reform of the household registration system under the city settled farmers land property rights to realize the practical problems such as the combination of reasoning solves the practical significance of "the city settled farmers homestead paid exit this problem. The second part, farmers settled in the city The rules and the place to explore the homestead paid exit. Due to the current domestic regulations on homestead exit is the main normative documents large quantities, so not all of it. The author mainly from the homestead exit in the main application, exit, exit and exit compensation supervision and relief system aspects of content arrangement some typical provisions. Comparison of these Provisions, to find out the existing problems. Then, this part selects the homestead paid exit the pilot of the three typical place - Tianjin, Chongqing, Zhejiang. From the practice about their homestead paid exit in summing up experience, find defects, legal system the establishment and perfection of the rural homestead exit guarantee to find a basis. The third part, analysis of the causes of the difficulties and the plight of farmers settled in the city of homestead paid exit. This part of one side From the current rules and practice summed up the homestead exit for the main standard is not the same, retreat back to the administrative procedure trend, unreasonable compensation, supervision and relief back to the four big problems of weak, on the other hand from the homestead exit system security concept is not enough, the high order stand in front of the sum of the three aspects specific difficulties lead to differences in method of file missing and the local problems are analyzed. The fourth part, in order to promote the system to protect the city settled farmers homestead paid exit. This part is for the front of the second, third part analysis the status of homestead paid exit system of norms and practices, and design problems and the causes. Mainly from the basic concept of legal protection of the back remodeling process, explore the law of the city settled farmers homestead paid exit rules, considering the homestead paid exit system should be specified The specific rules of the content and make the homestead paid exit legal protection design these aspects to complete the legal guarantee of the city settled farmers homestead paid exit. Among them, the design of specific rules including setting up homestead paid exit conditions, rich back compensation content, compensation standard, set farmers in the homestead paid exit system and to establish and perfect the homestead paid exit supervision, relief and supporting measures to protect the system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D922.32

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