本文關鍵詞： 城鄉(xiāng)居民 收入及結構 生活消費 消費構成　出處：《安徽農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：1、通過城鄉(xiāng)居民收入包括工資性收入、經營性收入、財產性收入、轉移性收入；消費性支出包括食品、衣著、居住、家庭設備用品及服務、醫(yī)療保健、交通和通信、教育文化娛樂服務等,分析城鄉(xiāng)居民收入的差距、收入結構的差別；消費支出的差距、消費結構的差別；城鄉(xiāng)居民近十三年來收入增長的速度、消費結構的變化。得出初步結論：(1)我省城鎮(zhèn)居民年總收入呈明顯上升,平均年遞增12.26%；工資性收入、經營性收入、財產性收入、轉移性收入也呈上升態(tài)勢,年遞增分別為11.79%、16.90%、20.57%、12.77%。居民平均工資性收入、經營性收入、財產性收入、轉移性收入分別占總收入65.67%、7.65%、2.13%、24.55%,工資性收入成為城鎮(zhèn)居民收入的主體。(2)農村居民年收入也呈明顯上升,平均年遞增11.26%,增速較城鎮(zhèn)居民小一個百分點；工資性收入、經營性收入、財產性收入、轉移性收入同樣呈上升態(tài)勢,年遞增分別為15.91%、8.50%、12.46%、19.01%。轉移性收入增速最快,經營性收入增速最慢。居民工資性收入、經營性收入、財產性收入、轉移性收入分別占總收入30.69%、61.81%、1.44%、6.05%。與城鎮(zhèn)居民收入不同,經營性收入是農民家庭收入的主體。(3)城鎮(zhèn)居民年消費總支出呈明顯上升,平均年遞增10.92%,低于收入增速的12.26%。食品、衣著、居住、家庭設備用品及服務、醫(yī)療保健、交通和通信、教育文化娛樂服務、雜項商品與服務八大類消費支出呈上升趨勢,年均增速分別為9.60%、10.94%、12.24%、8.77%、12.82%、17.15%、10.69%、7.37%,交通和通信費用支出增速最大。食品支出是消費支出的主體,占40%以上,其次是教育文化娛樂服務支出,占12.03%。(4)農村居民年消費總支出也呈明顯上升,平均年遞增11.94%,與收入增速的11.26%基本持平。食品、衣著、居住、家庭設備用品及服務、醫(yī)療保健、交通和通信、教育文化娛樂服務、雜項商品與服務八大類消費支出呈上升趨勢,年均增速分別為9.55%、12.66%、14.46%、15.86%、18.91%、18.67%、7.59%、8.72%,醫(yī)療保健費用支出增速最大。食品消費支出與城鎮(zhèn)居民消費支出一樣,成為消費主體,占40%以上,達42.71,其次是居住支出,占18.92%。(5)近年來安徽省城鄉(xiāng)家庭人均年收入,城鎮(zhèn)高于農村,平均是2.45倍；近13年間年均增速農村較城鎮(zhèn)低一個百分點。但是從2012年開始,農村人均年收入增速大于城鎮(zhèn),2013年這種增長態(tài)勢仍然維持。從結構分析看,城鎮(zhèn)居民經營性收入、財產性收入增速高于農村,而農村居民工資性收入、轉移性收入高于城鎮(zhèn)居民。(6)安徽省城鄉(xiāng)居民年人均消費性支出,城鎮(zhèn)高于農村,平均2.98倍,近年來消費支出城鄉(xiāng)差在縮小。支出年均增速農村較城鎮(zhèn)高一個百分點。在八大類消費支出中,城鎮(zhèn)交通和通信費用支出增速最大,而農村醫(yī)療保健費用支出增速最大。城鎮(zhèn)居民與農村居民食品支出都為消費主體,城鎮(zhèn)支出排后依次為教育文化娛樂服務、交通和通信、衣著、居住、醫(yī)療保健、家庭設備用品及服務、雜項商品與服務；而農村為居住、教育文化娛樂服務、交通和通信、醫(yī)療保健、衣著、家庭設備用品及服務、雜項商品與服務。說明城鎮(zhèn)除吃外,看重文教娛樂；而農村看重蓋房子。(7)收入決定消費,城鄉(xiāng)居民收入與消費呈顯著直線相關,城鎮(zhèn)居民收入與消費相關系數(shù)為0.9987,農村居民這一相關系數(shù)為0.9915。2、提出了提高城鄉(xiāng)居民收入的合理化建議：對城鎮(zhèn)居民,工資性收入是城鎮(zhèn)居民收入大頭,可以加大對壟斷行業(yè)高工資、高收入群體的監(jiān)管力度,迫使這部分人群按章納稅,讓貧窮的人群分得一點他們吃不了的“羹”；對低收入人群可采取發(fā)放“間歇性”工資方式,即每逢年過節(jié)根據(jù)人群收入按照倒金字塔比例發(fā)放一定量購物券,既提高這部分人收入,向“橄欖型”中部靠攏,又拉動內需。對農村居民收入提高,主要還是要增加農村居民家庭經營性收入,其次加大農村人口轉移力度,提高工資性收入。一是必須加快調整農產品結構,發(fā)展多種經營,引導農戶面向市場,生產附加值高的農產品；二是必須提高農產品質量,促進農產品的加工轉化,特別是精深加工；三是采取適度規(guī)模經營,推進農業(yè)機械化水平,降低農業(yè)生產成本。3、對農村消費市場進行了分析,并提出擴大農村消費市場的建議。分析得出：影響擴大農村消費市場因素主要有：(1)落后的收入水平制約了農民的購買能力。(2)滯后的社會保障制度制約了農民朋友的消費預期。(3)市場的銷售的商品質量安全得不到有力保障,限制了農村地區(qū)居民的購買力。(4)針對農村地區(qū)居民開發(fā)銷售的商品不足,滿足不了他們的消費意愿。(5)農村的基礎設施建設不夠先進,影響農村消費結構的升級。(6)流通網(wǎng)絡殘缺不全,影響農村購買力的實現(xiàn)。提出了擴大農村需求,促進農村消費升級的突破口在于提高和創(chuàng)新農村住房需求上,帶動家庭設備用品及服務、交通和通訊等消費。
[Abstract]:1, the income of urban and rural residents including wage income, operating income, property income and transfer income; consumption expenditure including food, clothing, housing, household appliances and services, medical care, transportation and communication, education, culture and entertainment services, analysis of the income gap between urban and rural residents, income structure difference; the consumption expenditure gap, the difference between urban and rural residents consumption structure; nearly thirteen years of income growth rate, changes in consumption structure. Conclusions: (1) the total annual income of urban residents in our province was significantly increased, the average annual increase of 12.26%; wage income, operating income, property income and transfer income rise, annual growth were 11.79%, 16.90%, 20.57%, 12.77%. average wage income, operating income, property income and transfer income accounted for 65.67% of total revenue, 7.65%, 2.13%, 24.55%, salary Income has become the main income of urban residents. (2) the annual income of rural residents was also increased significantly, the average annual increase of 11.26%, the growth rate of urban residents is small percentage points; wage income, operating income, property income and transfer income also increased, annual growth were 15.91%, 8.50%, 12.46%. 19.01%. transfer income the fastest growth rate, operating income growth rate is the slowest. Residents of wage income, operating income, property income and transfer income accounted for 30.69% of total revenue, 61.81%, 1.44%, 6.05%. and the income of urban residents is not the same, business income is the main body of rural household income of urban residents (3). The annual consumption expenditure was significantly increased, the average annual increase of 10.92%, lower than the income growth of 12.26%. food, clothing, housing, household appliances and services, medical care, transportation and communication, education and entertainment, miscellaneous goods and services eight Consumer spending is rising, with an average annual growth rate was 9.60%, 10.94%, 12.24%, 8.77%, 12.82%, 17.15%, 10.69%, 7.37%, transport and communications expenditure growth. Food expenditure is the main consumer spending, accounting for more than 40%, followed by education and entertainment expenses, accounting for 12.03%. (4 years) of rural residents total consumption expenditure is also significantly increased, the average annual increase of 11.94%, basically flat with the income growth of 11.26%. Food, clothing, housing, household appliances and services, medical care, transportation and communication, education and entertainment, miscellaneous goods and services eight categories of consumer spending is rising, with an average annual growth rate was 9.55%, 12.66% 14.46%, 15.86%, 18.91%, 18.67%, 7.59%, 8.72%, and health care expenditure growth. The maximum food consumption expenditure and consumption expenditure of urban residents, become the main consumer, accounting for more than 40%, up to 42.71, followed by the living expenses accounted for. 18.92%. (5) in recent years, Anhui Province Rural family per capita income of urban than rural areas, the average is 2.45 times the average annual growth rate of nearly 13 years; rural than urban one percentage point lower. But from the beginning of 2012, rural per capita income grew faster than urban, in 2013 the growth is still maintained. From the analysis of the structure of urban residents. Operating income, property income growth rate is higher than the rural areas, and rural residents wage income, transfer income is higher than urban residents. (6) Anhui province urban and rural residents per capita consumption expenditure and urban than rural areas, an average of 2.98 times, in recent years, consumer spending in the urban and rural difference narrowed. The average annual growth rate of rural towns is spending a high%. In the eight categories of consumer spending in urban transport and communications expenditure growth, while the cost of medical care in rural areas. The largest food expenditure of urban residents and rural residents are the main consumer spending After spending, urban row are education cultural and entertainment services, transport and communications, clothing, housing, medical care, household appliances and services, miscellaneous goods and services; and rural residential education, cultural and recreational services, transport and communications, health care, clothing, household appliances and services, miscellaneous goods and services in addition to eat. Urban, rural and cultural entertainment value; value house. (7) income decides consumption, income of urban and rural residents showed a significant linear correlation with consumption, income and consumption of urban residents the correlation coefficient is 0.9987, the correlation coefficient of rural residents was 0.9915.2, put forward reasonable suggestions to improve the income of urban and rural residents. For urban residents, the wage income is the income of urban residents is big, can increase the monopoly of the industry high wages, supervision of high income groups, this part of the crowd forced to pay taxes, let the poor people share They could eat a little soup; for low income people can take out "intermittent" wages, namely every year according to the income in accordance with the payment of a certain amount of the proportion of the inverted Pyramid shopping coupons, both to improve this part of income, closer to the "olive" in the middle, and pull domestic demand on the income of rural residents. The main improvement is to increase the operational income of rural households, then increase the transfer of rural population to raise wages income. One is to speed up the adjustment of agricultural structure, the development of a variety of business, to guide farmers to face the market, the production of high value-added agricultural products; the two is to improve the quality of agricultural products, promote agricultural products processing the transformation, especially deep processing; three is to take the appropriate scale of operation, promote the level of agricultural mechanization, reducing the agricultural production cost.3, the rural consumer market is analyzed, and the expansion of rural The consumer market. Analysis: the main impact to expand rural consumption market factors are: (1) the income level of the backward restricted farmer purchasing power. (2) the lag of social security system has restricted the farmers consumer expectations. (3) the market sales of goods quality and safety can not be ensured. Limit the purchasing power of residents in rural areas. (4) for the development of rural area residents sales commodity shortage, can not meet their consumption desire. (5) rural infrastructure construction is not advanced enough, affecting the rural consumption structure upgrading. (6) flow through a network of incomplete, affect rural purchasing power of the implementation is proposed. Expanding rural demand, promote the breakthrough of rural consumption upgrading lies in the improvement and innovation of rural housing demand, driven by household appliances and services, transportation and communications consumption.

【學位授予單位】：安徽農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F124.7;F126.1

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