本文關(guān)鍵詞： 河南省 城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化 政府責(zé)任　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放三十多年來(lái),社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速,中國(guó)開(kāi)始了由溫飽到發(fā)展型社會(huì)的過(guò)渡。在這個(gè)階段,基本公共服務(wù)不均等在不同的區(qū)域之間、城鄉(xiāng)之間以及在不同社會(huì)群體之間日益凸顯,一系列的社會(huì)問(wèn)題也因此產(chǎn)生。實(shí)施基本公共服務(wù)城鄉(xiāng)均等化是政府在結(jié)合我國(guó)當(dāng)前各項(xiàng)事業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀下,減少世界金融危機(jī)對(duì)我國(guó)的沖擊,減少以出口拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)依賴,加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌,實(shí)現(xiàn)全面協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展而做出的重大戰(zhàn)略抉擇。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨十八屆五中全會(huì)通過(guò)的《中共中央關(guān)于制定國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十三個(gè)五年規(guī)劃的建議》中也著重提出要增加公共服務(wù)供給,并且要從“利益問(wèn)題”這一人民群眾最關(guān)心也是最直接和現(xiàn)實(shí)的角度入手,努力提高我國(guó)公共服務(wù)的共建能力和共享水平�！笆濉逼陂g,各級(jí)政府應(yīng)深入貫徹落實(shí)共享發(fā)展的新理念,認(rèn)識(shí)到加快基本公共服務(wù)均等化的重要性。因此各級(jí)政府必須要找準(zhǔn)位置,明確職責(zé)定位,探索解決責(zé)任履行不足的對(duì)策,這不僅具有深刻的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,也是一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新和挑戰(zhàn)。城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化并不是絕對(duì)的平均化,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)機(jī)會(huì)平等,它的含義是保證城市居民和農(nóng)村居民享有對(duì)基本公共服務(wù)相等的消費(fèi)權(quán)利。提供的公共服務(wù)是最低、最基礎(chǔ)的,它是維護(hù)公平秩序,承擔(dān)保證市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展責(zé)任的重要表現(xiàn)。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域包括義務(wù)教育、社會(huì)保障、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、就業(yè)服務(wù)、公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共文化體育、公共安全、環(huán)境保護(hù)等方面。經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步、豐厚的財(cái)力、城市化的發(fā)展、責(zé)任的明晰和治理的民主化是實(shí)現(xiàn)均等化的前提條件,其實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑包括克服財(cái)政上的橫向和縱向不平衡,提供法律保障和制度保障三個(gè)方面。一般來(lái)說(shuō)中央的財(cái)力狀況優(yōu)于地方政府,在地方上縣市級(jí)財(cái)政能力又高于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)級(jí),可將基本公共服務(wù)供給事權(quán)上移,以有效解決縱向不平衡問(wèn)題;財(cái)政能力是公共服務(wù)能力的重要組成部分,通過(guò)財(cái)政能力的均等化和收支上的均衡來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)其橫向平衡。法律保障主要是指憲法、財(cái)政法以及與基本公共服務(wù)相關(guān)的其他法律法規(guī)。制度保障的基礎(chǔ)是建設(shè)服務(wù)型政府,重點(diǎn)是構(gòu)建和完善公共財(cái)政制度,收入分配制度,另一個(gè)重要方面是打破城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)建城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展制度。無(wú)論從理論、法律、還是政策角度來(lái)考察,政府在實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化中都扮演著重要的角色,責(zé)任包括:完善城鄉(xiāng)公共財(cái)政體系,創(chuàng)新公共服務(wù)提供方式并實(shí)現(xiàn)供給有效性,建立規(guī)范的權(quán)責(zé)分配和問(wèn)責(zé)制,履行法律、生態(tài)和社會(huì)責(zé)任。為貫徹中央戰(zhàn)略決策,河南省制定了《河南省基本公共服務(wù)體系“十二五”規(guī)劃》,目的是建立并健全讓一億多人口可以共享改革發(fā)展成果的基本公共服務(wù)體系,也為政府提出了具體要求。規(guī)劃做了制度安排,強(qiáng)調(diào)工作重心,是這一時(shí)期各級(jí)政府履行公共服務(wù)職責(zé)的綱領(lǐng)性文件。在該《規(guī)劃》的指導(dǎo)下,河南城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化得到了長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展,但是城鄉(xiāng)之間仍然存在著諸多的不平等現(xiàn)象,這當(dāng)中政府責(zé)任履行不足是一項(xiàng)重要原因。目前,均等化中政府責(zé)任履行不足主要由于政府重城輕鄉(xiāng),忽視社會(huì)公共服務(wù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略思想價(jià)值和意義;缺乏穩(wěn)固均衡的財(cái)政分擔(dān)機(jī)制;尚未形成公共服務(wù)投入長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制;權(quán)力運(yùn)行與監(jiān)督機(jī)制不健全。為解決阻礙河南省城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)均等化的各項(xiàng)問(wèn)題,實(shí)現(xiàn)“十三五”期間發(fā)展成果人民共享的愿景,河南省應(yīng)按照“建機(jī)制、補(bǔ)短板、兜底線”原則,重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)事業(yè)建設(shè),建立起穩(wěn)固均衡的財(cái)政分擔(dān)機(jī)制、增加公共服務(wù)供給;提高共建能力和共享水平;引入市場(chǎng)主體,實(shí)現(xiàn)公共產(chǎn)品供給主體多元化;建立行政問(wèn)責(zé)制,加強(qiáng)對(duì)公共服務(wù)供給的監(jiān)督;鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府大力推進(jìn)農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境改善,推動(dòng)生態(tài)文明建設(shè),改變城鄉(xiāng)二元體制;推進(jìn)戶籍制度改革和農(nóng)村精準(zhǔn)脫貧攻堅(jiān)工程,為進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民及其他常住人口平等享受公共服務(wù)提供制度保障來(lái)解決政府責(zé)任履行的不足。
[Abstract]:Thirty years of reform and opening up, the rapid development of economy, China began the transition from subsistence to social development. At this stage, unequal basic public services between different regions, between urban and rural areas and between different social groups has become increasingly prominent, a series of social problems. Therefore the implementation of equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas is the government in the development of various undertakings in light of China's current situation, to reduce the impact of the world financial crisis on China's exports, to reduce the dependence of economic development of export-oriented economy, strengthen urban and rural areas, a major strategic choice to realize the comprehensive coordinated development. Chinese Communist Party in the fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee through the "CPC Central Committee on the development of five years thirteenth planning of national economic and social development advice > also focuses on the proposed to increase the supply of public services, and to benefit from" problem "The people are most concerned about is the most direct and realistic perspective, efforts to improve public services in China to build capacity and sharing level." 13th Five-Year "period, governments at all levels should thoroughly implement the new concept of sharing development, to accelerate the understanding of basic public service equalization. So the importance of governments at all levels must identify position, clear responsibilities positioning, solve the responsibility question countermeasure, which not only has profound theoretical significance and practical significance, but also an innovation and challenges. Urban and rural equalization of basic public services is not absolute average, but emphasize equality of opportunity, it means that city residents and rural residents to enjoy basic public service consumption equal rights. The provision of public services is the lowest, the most basic, it is to maintain a fair order, undertake to ensure the important responsibility of the development of market economy. Including compulsory education, key areas of social security, health care, employment services, public infrastructure, public cultural and sports, public security, environmental protection and other aspects. The progress of economy, rich resources, the development of the city, definite responsibility and governance democratization is the preconditions of the equalization, the approaches include to overcome the horizontal and vertical fiscal imbalance, provide legal support and system protection three aspects. Generally the central financial situation is better than that of the local government, the local county level financial capacity is higher than the township level, the supply of basic public service powers up, in order to effectively solve the problem of longitudinal unbalanced fiscal capacity is an important component; part of the public service ability, through fiscal capacity equalization and the balance of payments to achieve its lateral balance. Legal protection mainly refers to the constitution, and the basic public finance law Other legal services related to the security of the system. The foundation is building a service-oriented government, the key is to construct and perfect the public finance system, income distribution system, another important aspect is to break the two structure in urban and rural areas, constructing the system of coordinated development of urban and rural areas. In terms of theory, law, or policy perspective, the government in the implementation of equal the basic public services in urban and rural areas plays an important role, responsibilities include: improve the rural public finance system, innovating public service and realize effective supply, establish standardized distribution of responsibilities and accountability, fulfill the law, ecological and social responsibility. In order to implement the central strategic decision, Henan province has formulated the "basic public the service system of Henan Province in 12th Five-Year" plan >, the purpose is to establish and improve the system of basic public services so that more than 100000000 people can share the fruits of reform and development, but also for the government The specific requirements. The planning made institutional arrangements, stressed that the focus of the work, is a programmatic document for this period of the implementation of public service functions of the government at all levels. In the < > Planning under the guidance of the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas of Henan has made considerable progress, but between urban and rural areas still exist in many inequalities, this the government responsibility is an important reason. At present, the equalization of the government responsibility in the underdelivered due to government heavily City Light Township, ignore the strategic thinking of the value and significance of the development of social public services; lack of financial stability has not yet formed a balanced sharing mechanism; public service mechanism; power operation and supervision mechanism is not perfect in order to solve the problem of obstacles. The urban and rural public service equalization in Henan Province, "13th Five-Year" people can share the fruits of development vision, Henan province should be in accordance with the "building mechanism, compensation Short board, bottom line "principle, focus on strengthening the social construction, establish a solid balanced fiscal allocation mechanism, increase the supply of public services; improve the ability and level of construction and sharing; the introduction of the main body of the market, realize the diversification of the main body of public goods supply; the establishment of administrative accountability system, strengthen the supervision of the supply of public services; the township government vigorously promote rural living to improve the environment, promote the construction of ecological civilization, the change of two yuan in urban system; promote the reform of household registration system and rural precise poverty alleviation project, as farmers settled in the city and other resident population equal access to public services and provide an institutional guarantee to solve the lack of government responsibility.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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