本文關(guān)鍵詞： 計劃生育 獎勵扶助 “全面兩孩” 利益導(dǎo)向　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展和人口形勢的轉(zhuǎn)變,我國的計劃生育政策已經(jīng)完成了由“提倡一孩”向“全面兩孩”的過渡。如果說20世紀(jì)七八十年代我國實行計劃生育之初時的人口問題是人口基數(shù)大、增長速度快,那么,現(xiàn)在我國的人口問題已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿丝跀?shù)量、人口質(zhì)量和人口結(jié)構(gòu)相互交織的綜合性問題。隨著社會、經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,我國計劃生育工作在取得控制人口增長成就的同時,也出現(xiàn)了人口老齡化、獨生子女家庭養(yǎng)老以及失獨家庭社會保障等新的問題。計劃生育獎勵扶助政策作為人口和計劃生育政策中十分重要的組成部分,其目的是通過經(jīng)濟手段來影響人們的生育觀念,對人們的生育意愿起到一定的引導(dǎo)作用,進而使人們的生育意愿與國家的生育政策保持一致。但是,隨著國家生育政策的調(diào)整和社會、經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,人們的生育意愿發(fā)生了很大變化,生育意愿與生育政策之間的關(guān)系發(fā)生了逆轉(zhuǎn)。在這種情況下,計劃生育獎勵扶助政策是否還能起到應(yīng)有的作用,是否應(yīng)該做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,成為一個值得思考的重大問題。本文通過對我國計劃生育獎勵扶助政策的系統(tǒng)研究,介紹了政策的形成背景,闡述了獎勵扶助政策發(fā)展演變過程的萌芽、探索、成型、完善四個發(fā)展階段,對不同時期、不同地區(qū)、不同類別的計劃生育獎勵扶助政策進行了梳理,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國現(xiàn)行計劃生育獎勵扶助政策存在省際差異大、政策獎扶力度小、運行效果差以及獎勵扶助政策與普惠政策缺乏有效銜接等問題,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了政策調(diào)整的建議,主要包括實行雙軌制、加大失獨殘獨家庭扶助力度、建立動態(tài)調(diào)整機制、進一步延長婦女產(chǎn)假和配偶護理假以及在普惠政策中凸顯對按政策生育家庭的優(yōu)惠等。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the change of population situation. The family planning policy of our country has already completed the transition from "advocating one child" to "all-around two children". With the rapid growth rate, the population problem of our country has been transformed into the comprehensive problem of population quantity, population quality and population structure intertwined. With the development of society and economy. The family planning work in China has achieved the achievement of controlling the population growth, but also appeared the aging of the population. Family planning incentives and support policy as a very important part of the population and family planning policy. Its purpose is to influence people's fertility concept through economic means, to play a guiding role in people's fertility intention, and then to make people's fertility willingness consistent with the national fertility policy. With the adjustment of national fertility policy and the development of society and economy, people's fertility intention has changed greatly, and the relationship between fertility intention and fertility policy has been reversed. Whether the family planning incentive and support policy can still play its due role, and whether it should be adjusted accordingly. This paper introduces the background of the policy through the systematic research on the policy of reward and support for family planning in China, and expounds the germination and exploration of the evolution process of the policy of reward and support. Shaping, perfecting four stages of development, to different periods, different regions, different types of family planning incentives and support policies are combed, found that the current family planning incentives and support policies exist large differences between provinces. The policy award support is small, the operation effect is poor, and the incentive support policy and the inclusive policy lack of effective link and so on. On this basis, some suggestions for policy adjustment are put forward, including the implementation of the dual track system. We should increase support for families without independence, establish dynamic adjustment mechanism, further extend maternity leave and spousal care leave for women, and highlight the preferential treatment for families bearing children in accordance with the policy in the inclusive policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C924.21

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