本文關(guān)鍵詞： 日本介護(hù)服務(wù) 長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理保險(xiǎn) 介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng) 介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力需求 介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力供給　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人口老齡化問(wèn)題起源于西方,法國(guó)、瑞典、英國(guó)、德國(guó)是世界上最早進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)的國(guó)家。截至2015年近十年時(shí)間世界上老齡化程度最高、并已成為超老齡化國(guó)家(老齡化率超過(guò)21%)的是日本、意大利、希臘和德國(guó)。我國(guó)于2000年進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)(老齡化率超過(guò)7%),盡管程度尚不嚴(yán)重但人口基數(shù)龐大致使老年人口數(shù)量穩(wěn)居世界第一。所以,解決老年人養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)需求不僅是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的課題也是我國(guó)的難題。本文從日本的介護(hù)保險(xiǎn)體系師承德國(guó)、地理上與我國(guó)同屬亞洲、受中國(guó)文化影響頗深、是韓國(guó)與臺(tái)灣地區(qū)介護(hù)服務(wù)體系的模板等角度考慮,最終決定以日本介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)為研究對(duì)象。所以在養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)方面日本較其他國(guó)家（地區(qū)）更為適合成為我國(guó)的借鑒對(duì)象。盡管如此,日本在發(fā)展介護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)過(guò)程中仍存在很多問(wèn)題,追本求源是勞動(dòng)力的問(wèn)題。所以厘清日本介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題及原因,結(jié)合我國(guó)國(guó)情為發(fā)展我國(guó)養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)提出啟示是本文的最主要目的。論文一共分為七章。第一章根據(jù)我國(guó)老齡化進(jìn)程較快、養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)需求日益增加,提出問(wèn)題并說(shuō)明研究方法與內(nèi)容。第二章相關(guān)理論與文獻(xiàn)綜述部分是本文的理論基礎(chǔ)。主要分為理論基礎(chǔ)、文獻(xiàn)綜述和概念界定與專有名詞釋義三部分。首先從政策與福利(福利國(guó)家理論、政府職能理論、福利多元理論、公共產(chǎn)品理論)、個(gè)人選擇(選擇行為理論、生命周期理論)和勞動(dòng)力需求與供給(勞動(dòng)力需求理論、勞動(dòng)力供給理論、人力資本理論)三個(gè)方面對(duì)已有理論進(jìn)行梳理。其次分別從國(guó)外和國(guó)內(nèi)兩個(gè)方面圍繞介護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、勞動(dòng)力供求及預(yù)測(cè)展開(kāi)文獻(xiàn)綜述。最后在理論、文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上整理出研究所必需的相關(guān)概念與專有名詞進(jìn)行界定和釋義。第三章日本人口老齡化與介護(hù)體系發(fā)展歷程部分,首先介紹了日本人口老齡化快速增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。并從年齡結(jié)構(gòu)變化、人口構(gòu)造變化、老齡化原因、老齡化帶來(lái)的影響四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。在之后的發(fā)展歷程中將日本介護(hù)體系分為三個(gè)不同的時(shí)間段即60-70年代從社會(huì)福利到老年人免費(fèi)醫(yī)療、80-90年代從老年人保健到介護(hù)保險(xiǎn)、21世紀(jì)至今介護(hù)保險(xiǎn)的實(shí)施與修訂。并對(duì)日本介護(hù)體系進(jìn)行從社會(huì)福利的開(kāi)端——老人福祉法的制定,到創(chuàng)設(shè)老年人保健機(jī)構(gòu)推行金色計(jì)劃,最后到創(chuàng)設(shè)介護(hù)保險(xiǎn)制度并進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)修訂的系列過(guò)程進(jìn)行總結(jié)。第四章日本介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀分析部分,首先對(duì)介護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀從培養(yǎng)歷程和市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了描述。培養(yǎng)方面從專門(mén)學(xué)校開(kāi)設(shè)數(shù)量、人才培養(yǎng)數(shù)量、國(guó)家相關(guān)資格考取情況和從業(yè)者趨勢(shì)出發(fā);市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)方面主要分析了居家、日日托、機(jī)構(gòu)、社區(qū)機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)從業(yè)者分配情況。其次通過(guò)培養(yǎng)、市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀的分析對(duì)介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的特征進(jìn)行了總結(jié),發(fā)現(xiàn)有效求人倍率整體上升、離職率與就業(yè)率都高于產(chǎn)業(yè)平均、非正規(guī)就業(yè)者占比較大的特征;最后基于明賽爾工資方程增加研修變量利用日本介護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)從業(yè)者樣本數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)影響介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力工資的因素進(jìn)行分析。第五章日本介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)需求分析部分,首先利用效用函數(shù)對(duì)從家庭到社會(huì)介護(hù)服務(wù)需求進(jìn)行了兼顧理論分析的模型推導(dǎo)。再此基礎(chǔ)上分別從居家、日托、介護(hù)保險(xiǎn)指定機(jī)構(gòu)、社區(qū)四種介護(hù)服務(wù)類型區(qū)分整體、平均、需要介護(hù)等級(jí)三個(gè)方面對(duì)社會(huì)介護(hù)需求現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)性描述。其次對(duì)影響社會(huì)介護(hù)服務(wù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、個(gè)體、其他因素進(jìn)行了分析,最后在討論能夠預(yù)測(cè)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)需求的柯布道格拉斯并不適用于本研究后,對(duì)日本介護(hù)服務(wù)相關(guān)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了整理,對(duì)介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力需求進(jìn)行理論推測(cè)。第六章日本介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)供給分析部分,首先對(duì)影響介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力供給的因素進(jìn)行理論討論,認(rèn)為工資、政策能夠影響介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力供給。其次,利用介護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力樣本數(shù)據(jù)基于勞動(dòng)時(shí)間工資效率模型對(duì)介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的影響因素進(jìn)行分職業(yè)、就業(yè)形態(tài)的實(shí)證研究。最后,基于灰色模型對(duì)介護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力供給進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。第七章日本介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示部分,在總結(jié)我國(guó)人口老齡化問(wèn)題具有老年人就業(yè)率低、經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源較單一、空巢老人與失獨(dú)老人的出現(xiàn)、失能半失能老人的劇增特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)我國(guó)養(yǎng)老模式(傳統(tǒng)的家庭養(yǎng)老模式、機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老模式、社區(qū)養(yǎng)老模式、醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合模式等)進(jìn)行了梳理。之后對(duì)我國(guó)養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)業(yè)現(xiàn)存問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。最后在現(xiàn)有問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合日本介護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我國(guó)養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展提出政策建議。結(jié)合定性與定量的研究,本文得出主要結(jié)論:第一,未來(lái)的介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)將會(huì)越來(lái)越繁榮;第二,養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)正經(jīng)歷從家庭到社會(huì)的需求轉(zhuǎn)變;第三,經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、個(gè)體等因素會(huì)影響介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力需求;第四,工資、社會(huì)保障給付方式等因素影響介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力供給;第五,介護(hù)勞動(dòng)力需求與供給之間存在缺口;第六,中國(guó)養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)需求量很大,仍有上升空間。
[Abstract]:The origin of the problem of aging population in the west, France, Sweden, the UK, Germany is the earliest entered the aging society in the world. As of 2015, nearly ten years the world's highest degree of aging, and has become the super aging countries (the aging rate of more than 21%) is Japan, Italy, Greece and Germany. China has entered the aging society in 2000 (the aging rate of more than 7%), although the extent is not serious but a large population resulting in the number of elderly population ranked first in the world. So, to address the needs of nursing service for the elderly is not only the problem of developed countries is also in China. From the Japanese nursing insurance system from Germany, geography and China belong to Asia, and was deeply influenced by Chinese cultural influence, is South Korea and Taiwan area nursing service system such as the template into consideration, the final decision to the Japanese nursing labor market as the research object. The nursing service in Japan than in other countries (regions) is more suitable to become China's reference object. Nevertheless, there are still many problems in the development of Japanese nursing industry process, track the source is labor. So to clarify the Japanese nursing problems and reasons of the labor market, combined with China's national conditions the inspiration for the development of China's old-age care service industry labor market is the main purpose of this paper. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter according to China's rapid aging process, the nursing service demand is increasing, problems and illustrates the research methods and contents. The second chapter is related theory and literature review part is the theoretical basis of this paper the main points. Based on the theory of literature review and definition of the concept definition and terminology of three parts. Firstly, from the policy and welfare (welfare state theory, government function theory, welfare pluralism In theory, the theory of public goods), personal choice (choice behavior theory, life cycle theory) and labor demand and supply (labor demand theory, labor supply theory, human capital theory) three aspects of the existing theory. Second, from the two aspects of foreign and domestic care around the industry, and to predict the supply and demand of labor in the theory of literature review. Finally, on the basis of the literature for the definition and interpretation of sorting out the related concepts necessary for research and proper nouns. Chapter third of Japan's population aging and care system development part, first introduced the rapid growth of Japan's population aging trend. And from the age structure changes, demographic changes, aging the causes and the impact of the four aspects of aging were analyzed. The development process in the wake of the Japanese nursing system is divided into three different periods: from 60-70's agency Will the free medical welfare to the elderly, from the 80-90's to the elderly health care insurance, since twenty-first Century implementation and revision of care insurance. And the Japanese nursing care system was developed from the beginning of social welfare, welfare law, to create a health care institution for the elderly to implement golden color plan, and finally to the series of process creation nursing insurance system and revision are summarized. The fourth chapter is the analysis of Japanese nursing labor market situation, the current status of nursing labor industry development from two aspects: cultivating process and market structure are described. The cultivation of specialized schools from the number, number of personnel training, and obtain relevant national qualifications the structure of the market trend of practitioners; the main analysis of the home, day care, institutions, practitioners of distribution institutions. Secondly through the cultivation of community, the analysis of the market situation Care of the labor market characteristics are summarized, found that the opening rate of the overall rise, the turnover rate and the employment rate is higher than the industry average, informal employment accounted for relatively large features; finally Mincerian wage equation based on increased training variables using Japanese nursing industry practitioners sample data, analyzing the influence factors of nursing labor wages the fifth chapter Japanese nursing labor market demand analysis part, firstly, the utility function of from the family to the community care service needs of both the model theoretical analysis. On the basis of this, from home, day care, nursing insurance agencies designated community care service, four types of overall, average, need three aspects of care level needs support on social status mediated the statistical description. Then the effects of social care service economy, society, individual and other factors. In the last analysis, Cobb Douglas discussion can predict the traditional industry labor market demand does not apply to this study, the Japanese nursing care service related national standard is carried out, to care for the labor demand theory. The sixth chapter of Japanese nursing labor market supply analysis part, firstly the influence factors of nursing labor supply the theoretical discussion that wage policy can affect the nursing labor supply. Secondly, using the sample data of industrial labor nursing labor time efficiency wage model based on the effect on nursing labor market factors of occupation, an empirical study on the employment form. Finally, the grey model to predict the nursing labor supply industry based on seventh. The Enlightenment part Japanese nursing labor market of our country, summarizes the problem of population aging in China with the elderly employment rate is low, the With a single source, Empty Nester and the loss of independence of the elderly, based in half of the elderly can increase loss, of our pension model (the traditional model of family pension, pension institutions, community support, medical support binding mode) are reviewed. The existing problems in China's pension nursing services are summarized. And put forward some policy suggestions on the development of China's old-age care services based on the existing problems on the combination of Japanese nursing industry labor market experience. Research on qualitative and quantitative analysis, the main conclusions of this paper: first, the future of the nursing labor market will become more and more prosperous; second, nursing the service is changing from the family to the society needs change; third, economic, social, individual and other factors will affect the nursing labor demand; fourth, wages, social security payments and other factors to nursing workforce Supply; fifth, there is a gap between the demand for the protection of labor and the supply of labor. Sixth, there is a large demand for nursing care services in China, and there is still room for rise.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F249.313

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 宋悅;韓俊江;;日本介護(hù)從業(yè)者工資影響因素分析[J];社會(huì)保障研究;2016年05期

2 宋悅;韓俊江;;養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析[J];稅務(wù)與經(jīng)濟(jì);2016年05期

3 宋悅;韓俊江;;我國(guó)養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的問(wèn)題及對(duì)策[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)縱橫;2016年07期

4 宋悅;韓俊江;;日本介護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)從業(yè)特征、工資水平及相關(guān)對(duì)策[J];現(xiàn)代日本經(jīng)濟(jì);2016年02期

5 宋悅;韓俊江;;我國(guó)老年護(hù)理服務(wù)業(yè)人力資源配置完善研究[J];湖南社會(huì)科學(xué);2016年01期

6 金京淑;馬學(xué)禮;;人口老齡化困境中的“安倍經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”——兼評(píng)日本經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的前景[J];現(xiàn)代日本經(jīng)濟(jì);2015年03期

7 龐德良;夏子敬;;日本財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)影響的回歸分析(1969～2011)[J];現(xiàn)代日本經(jīng)濟(jì);2014年03期

8 李林子;;日本老年護(hù)理人才培養(yǎng)模式的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與啟示[J];老齡科學(xué)研究;2013年04期

9 王冬梅;;由日本養(yǎng)老護(hù)理淺談我國(guó)老年護(hù)理人才的培養(yǎng)[J];衛(wèi)生職業(yè)教育;2012年04期

10 龍玉其;;日本的國(guó)家公務(wù)員養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度及其改革[J];現(xiàn)代日本經(jīng)濟(jì);2011年06期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 湯文巍;上海市老年長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)（LTCI）研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 余濤;我國(guó)開(kāi)展長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)的研究[D];西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2005年

，

本文編號(hào)：1450825