本文關(guān)鍵詞：四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)民收入的影響研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        農(nóng)民問(wèn)題作為“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題的核心,一直以來(lái)都受到我國(guó)政府的高度重視。解決農(nóng)民問(wèn)題首先要解決的是農(nóng)民收入問(wèn)題。我國(guó)作為一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),農(nóng)村人口仍占有較大比重,農(nóng)民收入問(wèn)題依舊是關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的大問(wèn)題。自2003年以來(lái),中央已出臺(tái)了九個(gè)關(guān)注“三農(nóng)”工作的中央“一號(hào)文件”,“十二五”規(guī)劃也在第二篇章指出新的五年國(guó)家重點(diǎn)做好農(nóng)民增收工作,由此可以看出研究農(nóng)民收入問(wèn)題具有理論意義更具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。四川地處我國(guó)西南,是我國(guó)人口大省和農(nóng)業(yè)大省。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),四川省的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展突飛猛進(jìn),農(nóng)民人均純收入年年攀高。但從近幾年四川統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒上發(fā)現(xiàn),城鎮(zhèn)居民的人均純收入增幅遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)農(nóng)民人均純收入增幅,農(nóng)民收入增長(zhǎng)相對(duì)緩慢,城鄉(xiāng)收入差距在不斷拉大。其次,四川省與上海、浙江、廣東等發(fā)達(dá)省市農(nóng)民收入水平相比,仍處于落后水平。這種局面主要是由農(nóng)民收入增速緩慢造成的,而影響農(nóng)民收入增速的因素有很多,其中較重要的一個(gè)因素就是農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展。本文從農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)民收入影響的角度出發(fā),首先回顧了四川省金融發(fā)展歷程。在改革開(kāi)放前,四川省跟隨全國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的腳步,認(rèn)真貫徹中央“利用、限制、改造”的政策和嚴(yán)格管理與積極疏導(dǎo)的方針。1955年9月,為了支持農(nóng)業(yè)合作化,中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行四川省分行成立；同年四川省確定了實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)建立信用社的目標(biāo)。文化大革命時(shí)期,恢復(fù)不久的農(nóng)業(yè)銀行被撤并,四川省農(nóng)村金融的發(fā)展被嚴(yán)重削弱。1978年底,黨的十一屆三中全金的召開(kāi)拉開(kāi)了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的序幕。四川省同全國(guó)一樣,積極推進(jìn)金融體制改革,全省農(nóng)村金融工作基本恢復(fù)了正常。1979年,農(nóng)行再次恢復(fù)建制;1995年1月,遵循政策性金融和商業(yè)性金融相互分離的要求,在四川省成立了首家農(nóng)業(yè)政策性銀行——農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行四川省分行。農(nóng)發(fā)行的建立,發(fā)揮了特殊職能,加強(qiáng)了收購(gòu)糧棉油資金的供應(yīng)和管理,加大了扶貧的力度。1996年農(nóng)發(fā)行分設(shè)地、縣兩級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)。截至1998年底,全省已有19個(gè)地州、87個(gè)縣建立分支機(jī)構(gòu)共126個(gè),擁有在崗職工2666人。農(nóng)信社一直是四川省農(nóng)村金融的主體,1996年10月開(kāi)始,自從農(nóng)業(yè)銀行分離出來(lái)以后,農(nóng)信社開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向農(nóng)村合作金融組織方向改革,截止1998年12月末,拒不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),擁有機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)共4125個(gè),職工40295人,成為四川省農(nóng)村金融戰(zhàn)線的一支主力軍。其次,本文分析了四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。近幾年,隨著農(nóng)村金融的發(fā)展和完善,四川省內(nèi)的農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)體系也逐漸多元化,政策性金融(農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行四川省分行)、商業(yè)性金融(各國(guó)有銀行、股份制銀行)、合作金融(四川省農(nóng)村信用合作社)以及民間金融分工協(xié)作等各類(lèi)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的互相補(bǔ)充、互相促進(jìn),呈現(xiàn)出兩大重要的特征：(1)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)類(lèi)型呈現(xiàn)多元化；(2)農(nóng)村金融的服務(wù)范圍逐步向全省輻射開(kāi)來(lái)。當(dāng)前,全省所存在的多層次的金融服務(wù)體系,已經(jīng)基本能夠滿(mǎn)足農(nóng)村社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。2010年,四川省持續(xù)推進(jìn)對(duì)于金融行業(yè)的深度改革。中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行四川省分行再次被確定作為改革試點(diǎn)銀行,進(jìn)行深化“三農(nóng)”金融事業(yè)部改革,此次金融事業(yè)部體制改革獲得明顯成效。農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行四川省分行初次建立和改善了能夠滿(mǎn)足當(dāng)代銀行需求機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)營(yíng)機(jī)制,努力做好政策性支農(nóng)服務(wù),敢于創(chuàng)新,推出了具有獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)的信貸支農(nóng),拓展金融支農(nóng)范圍,促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2010年底,四川省內(nèi)各個(gè)縣城以及縣城以下的農(nóng)村地區(qū),銀行類(lèi)金融機(jī)構(gòu)一共鋪設(shè)8845個(gè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)(其中農(nóng)發(fā)行——87個(gè)；農(nóng)行——953個(gè)；郵儲(chǔ)銀行——2252個(gè);農(nóng)信社——4774個(gè)),農(nóng)村地區(qū)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)數(shù)量占全省所有銀行類(lèi)金融機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)總量的比重為70.39%。縣(區(qū))轄內(nèi)法人金融機(jī)構(gòu),476家,其中,農(nóng)村信用社占比最多,超過(guò)了90%,達(dá)到了434家,其次為村鎮(zhèn)銀行,占比0.5%,為24家,加上城市商業(yè)銀行占比2.7%,為13家,其余的還包括2家農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行,1家農(nóng)村合作銀行,2家貸款公司�？梢�(jiàn),農(nóng)信社還是農(nóng)村金融中最重要的金融機(jī)構(gòu),占據(jù)了明顯的主導(dǎo)地位。涉農(nóng)行業(yè)例如農(nóng)戶(hù)種植業(yè)、農(nóng)戶(hù)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、特色農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)化合作社、農(nóng)業(yè)固定資產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)、特色資源開(kāi)發(fā)等領(lǐng)域得到信貸有力支持,開(kāi)辟了服務(wù)于“三農(nóng)”的商業(yè)新路徑,創(chuàng)立了服務(wù)于“三農(nóng)”的商業(yè)新模式。根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2010年四川省發(fā)放的涉及三農(nóng)的貸款與2009年相比增長(zhǎng)30.52%。金融機(jī)構(gòu)方面,農(nóng)信社的體制改革取得突破性的進(jìn)展,成都農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行正式掛牌開(kāi)業(yè),建立了四川省第一家縣級(jí)農(nóng)商行——長(zhǎng)寧縣農(nóng)村信用社。此外,新型農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展迅速,成立了8家村鎮(zhèn)銀行,同時(shí)一共有43家小額貸款公司正式開(kāi)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng),而且運(yùn)營(yíng)狀況較佳,對(duì)全省的農(nóng)村社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展發(fā)揮了極其重要的作用。然而,四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展中仍存在農(nóng)村金融結(jié)構(gòu)失衡,金融服務(wù)覆蓋率、滿(mǎn)足率低,資金外流嚴(yán)重,金融涉農(nóng)業(yè)務(wù)總體經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況堪憂(yōu)及金融創(chuàng)新較少等問(wèn)題。本文通過(guò)建立農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展指標(biāo)體系及農(nóng)村居民人均純收入指標(biāo),采用1996-2010年農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展與農(nóng)村居民人均純收入的統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒數(shù)據(jù),經(jīng)過(guò)灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析、單位根檢驗(yàn)、協(xié)整檢驗(yàn)、Granger因果檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果顯示：四川省農(nóng)民人均純收入與農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展規(guī)模、農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展效率、農(nóng)村信貸比率、農(nóng)村投資水平、非農(nóng)從業(yè)人員比例具有長(zhǎng)期均衡的協(xié)整關(guān)系。農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展效率是農(nóng)村居民純收入的格蘭杰原因,農(nóng)村居民人均純收入是農(nóng)村金融相關(guān)率、農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展效率、農(nóng)村金融信貸比率、農(nóng)村金融固定資產(chǎn)投資比率的格蘭杰原因。農(nóng)村非農(nóng)勞動(dòng)力比例與農(nóng)民人均純收入二者均不是對(duì)方的格蘭杰原因。農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)民收入的增加具有顯著的正向作用。本文最后在肯定四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)民收入促進(jìn)作用的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了對(duì)四川省農(nóng)村金融進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的政策建議：基于全面視角,根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)律,構(gòu)建“圈層式”農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展指導(dǎo)規(guī)劃體系,通過(guò)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制促進(jìn)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展,以政府為主導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展；健全農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)的政策體系,擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村金融規(guī)模,實(shí)現(xiàn)全省農(nóng)村金融全覆蓋,從全局觀念構(gòu)建合理的農(nóng)村金融結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)構(gòu)的相互協(xié)作和配合,進(jìn)一步完善財(cái)稅的激勵(lì)和扶持政策；繼續(xù)加大農(nóng)村金融創(chuàng)新力度,完善與鞏固農(nóng)村金融創(chuàng)新成果,提供更多適合農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、農(nóng)村居民需求的金融產(chǎn)品,多渠道增加農(nóng)民收入；深入推進(jìn)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革,加快建立以縣為單位的社區(qū)銀行等多元化新型農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu),擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展規(guī)模,增加對(duì)“三農(nóng)”服務(wù)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)種類(lèi),促進(jìn)農(nóng)民收入增長(zhǎng)。一方面加大對(duì)農(nóng)村信用社的改革力度,充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行的政策性金融支農(nóng)作用。一方面建立適當(dāng)?shù)募?lì)約束機(jī)制,鼓勵(lì)商業(yè)金融返回農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)。另一方面加快建立社區(qū)銀行、村鎮(zhèn)銀行、農(nóng)村合作銀行等新型農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu),規(guī)范引導(dǎo)農(nóng)村非正規(guī)金融的發(fā)展,為農(nóng)村金融引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制。新型農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)的建立可以打破農(nóng)村信用社、農(nóng)業(yè)銀行等大銀行的壟斷,以其靈活多變,農(nóng)民參股的性質(zhì)與大銀行形成競(jìng)爭(zhēng),促使農(nóng)信社等轉(zhuǎn)變服務(wù)觀念,加快改革步伐,加大對(duì)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的金融資源投入,實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的全覆蓋。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制的引入必然推動(dòng)整個(gè)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)體系積極主動(dòng)提升自身服務(wù)質(zhì)量,創(chuàng)新金融產(chǎn)品,增加對(duì)農(nóng)民的金融業(yè)務(wù)支持,促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)金融一體化；此外,政府相關(guān)部門(mén)應(yīng)繼續(xù)完善農(nóng)村金融監(jiān)管制度,提高資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量,防范操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；加大金融對(duì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)固定資產(chǎn)投資的力度以及轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力,促進(jìn)人力資本進(jìn)步,多角度提高農(nóng)民收入。

    The importance of farmers, as the core of Chinese three-dimensional rural issues (concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers), has long been valued by the central governments. To solve the problem of farmer’s income is the first step to settle the problem of farmers.As a large agricultural nation, the rural population of China still owns a large proportion, the problem of farmers’income is still the big problem related to the people’s livelihood.Since2003,the central government has already issued nine "The first file",which all focus on the problem of rural area、 agriculture and farmer, and the "twelfth-five" plan of our country also points out in the second chapter that the primary task for the next five years is to increase farmers’income. Seen from the above, the study of issues concerning farmers’ income has both theoretical and practical significance.Sichuan province, located in southwest China, is a province with large population and big agriculture. Since the policy of reform and opening-up was adopted, Sichuan province has witnessed rapid economic development, with the per-capita net income of farmers is rising year by year. However, by a glimpse of the Sichuan Almanac of recent years, it is found that the increase rate of the per-capita net income of urban citizens exceeds far beyond that of rural people which rises relatively slowly, leaving a broadening urban-and-rural income disparity. Furthermore, farmers’income in Sichuan province is still low, compared with that in developed provinces or cities, like Shanghai city, Zhejiang province and Guangdong province. This is mainly induced by the slow growth of farmers’ income, on which many factors may have impacts, a major one being the rural financial development.The thesis first makes a review of the financial development of Sichuan province from the perspective of the influences of the rural financial development on farmers’income. With the development and improvement of the rural finance in recent years, the rural financial service system of Sichuan has also diversified, with policy finance (the Bank of Agricultural Development, Sichuan branch), commercial finance (all state-owned banks and joint-stock banks), cooperative banks (the rural credit cooperative of Sichuan province) and privately owned finance complementing and prompting each other. There are two notable characteristics:1) the categories of the rural financial institutions are diversified;2) the rural financial service expands around the province. At present, the existing diverse financial service system can basically satisfy the needs of the rural social and economic development.However, there are still some problems existing in the development of Sichuan’s rural finance including, among others, the structural imbalance of rural finance, the unsatisfactory rate of coverage and contentment of financial services, the severe outflow of capital, the overall worrying management status of the financial business related to agricultural and insufficient financial innovation. This thesis has set up the indicator system of rural finance development and the indicator of the average per-capita net income of farmers, adopting the data of rural finance development and average net income from Statistical Yearbook from1996to2010to conduct Grey Relational Analysis, Unit root tests, Cointegration test, and Granger Causality test. The results suggest that the average per-capita net income of farmers in Sichuan has a long-standing even Cointegration relationship with the scale of rural finance development, the efficiency of rural finance development, the ratio of rural credit, the level of rural investment and the ratio of non-farm employees. The efficiency of rural finance development is the Granger cause of the per-capita net income of farmers, the per-capita net income of farmers is the Granger cause of rural Financial Interrelation Ratio, the efficiency of rural finance development, the ratio of rural finance credit and the ratio of rural financial fixed assets investment. The ratio of rural non-farm employees is not the Granger cause of the per-capita net income of farmers, and vice versa. The results also show that the development of rural finance has great positive effects on the increase of farmers’income.Having affirmed the role that the rural financial development of Sichuan province plays in helping increase farmers’income, the thesis provides some policy suggestions on the further development of the rural finance of Sichuan province. Efforts should be made to construct, in accordance with the rules of economic development, a "circling-layering structure" instructing and planning system of the rural financial development from an all-round perspective, promoting the rural financial development of developed regions through market mechanism and that of underdeveloped regions under the guide of government. By completing the policy system of the rural financial service, enlarging the scale of the rural finance and accomplishing the whole country teaming with the rural finance, we strive to construct a reasonable rural financial structure at all respects, achieve the mutual collaboration and cooperation of financial institutions and further improve the encouraging and supporting policies of finance and tax. Further attempts are to be made to strengthen the creativity of the rural finance, improve and reinforce the achievements of the rural financial innovation and provide more financial products that suit the rural economic development and meet the needs of rural residents, with an ultimate goal to increase farmers’income through diverse channels. Furthermore, we should further promote the reform of the rural financial organizations, speed up in building diversified new rural financial organizations such as community banks on county level, increase the types of financial organizations that serve "three-dimensional rural issues" and finally increase farmers’income. On the one hand, we should intensify the reform of Rural Credit Cooperatives to bring the function of supporting the rural areas of the Bank of Agricultural Development’policy finance into full play, by establishing proper incentive and restraint mechanism to encourage commercial finance to return to rural markets. On the other hand, we should speed up the establishment of community bank, village bank, rural cooperative bank and other new pattern rural financial institutions to standardize and guide the development of non-formal rural finance and to bring competition mechanism to rural finance. The establishment of new pattern rural financial institutions may break monopoly of Rural Credit Cooperatives and agricultural banks and, by competing with them as dynamic and farmer stake taking financial institutions, drive them to change their service concepts, accelerate the reform and enlarge the financial investment to villages and towns so that the complete coverage of financial institutions in villages and towns can be realized. The introduction of competition mechanism will duly promote the overall rural financial institution systems to enhance their quality of service voluntarily, to improve financial products innovation, to increase support to farmers’financial business and to promote the integration of rural finance and urban finance. In addition, the relevant government should continue to perfect the supervision system of rural finance, improve the quality of capital, prevent operation risks, reinforce the financial investment of fixed assets to rural areas and transfer surplus labor in agriculture so as to progress human resource development and increase farmers’income from various angles.

        四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)民收入的影響研究

摘要4-8Abstract8-111. 緒論14-28    1.1 研究背景14-15    1.2 研究意義15-16    1.3 文獻(xiàn)綜述16-24        1.3.1 金融發(fā)展對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響研究16-21        1.3.2 農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的研究21-23        1.3.3 農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)民收入的影響研究23-24    1.4 研究?jī)?nèi)容概覽24-25    1.5 研究方法25-26    1.6 本文創(chuàng)新與不足26-28        1.6.1 本文可能的創(chuàng)新26        1.6.2 不足之處26-282. 農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展與農(nóng)民收入的理論基礎(chǔ)28-34    2.1 金融發(fā)展理論28-29    2.2 農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展理論29-30        2.2.1 農(nóng)業(yè)融資理論29-30        2.2.2 農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)理論30        2.2.3 不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)理論30    2.3 農(nóng)村金融及農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展內(nèi)涵界定30-32        2.3.1 農(nóng)村金融內(nèi)涵31        2.3.2 農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展內(nèi)涵31-32    2.4 農(nóng)民收入理論32-343. 四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展與農(nóng)民收入現(xiàn)狀分析34-54    3.1 四川省近年來(lái)農(nóng)民收入現(xiàn)狀研究分析34-43        3.1.1 農(nóng)民收入相關(guān)定義和指標(biāo)界定34-35        3.1.2 四川省農(nóng)民收入截面與時(shí)序變化35-39        3.1.3 四川省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變化分析39-41        3.1.4 四川省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距41-43    3.2 四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀研究43-51        3.2.1 農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展歷程演變43-47        3.2.2 四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展當(dāng)前存在問(wèn)題47-49        3.2.3 四川省關(guān)于農(nóng)村發(fā)展程度的測(cè)定49-51    3.3 四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展與農(nóng)民收入的相互聯(lián)系51-544. 四川省農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展與農(nóng)民收入實(shí)證分析54-66    4.1 數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源與指標(biāo)選取54-55        4.1.1 指標(biāo)選取54-55        4.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源55    4.2 本文選取的方法55-58    4.3 灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析58-61    4.4 協(xié)整檢驗(yàn)實(shí)證分析以及結(jié)果討論61-66        4.4.1 模型建立61        4.4.2 單位根檢驗(yàn)(Augmented Dickey-Fuller檢驗(yàn))61-62        4.4.3 EG兩步法協(xié)整回歸分析62-64        4.4.4 格蘭杰因果檢驗(yàn)64-665. 結(jié)論及政策建議66-74    5.1 研究結(jié)論66-68    5.2 相關(guān)對(duì)策建議68-74參考文獻(xiàn)74-78后記78-79致謝79-80

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