本文選題：計(jì)劃生育 + 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)從80年代以來開始推行計(jì)劃生育政策,30多年過去了,中國(guó)少生了四億多人口,我國(guó)育齡婦女的生育水平已經(jīng)明顯下降,低于人口更替水平。在越來越嚴(yán)重的老齡化到來之際,計(jì)劃生育家庭面臨著巨大的生活壓力,獨(dú)生子女承擔(dān)著沉重的生活負(fù)擔(dān),這部分家庭逐漸成為社會(huì)上的弱勢(shì)家庭。在農(nóng)村,早年間實(shí)施計(jì)劃生育家庭的老年人靠誰養(yǎng)老成了社會(huì)問題,2006年經(jīng)過試點(diǎn)工作后,計(jì)劃生育獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策在全國(guó)廣泛實(shí)施。這一政策的實(shí)施讓計(jì)生戶老年人在心理上得到了慰藉,在農(nóng)村有一定的滿意度。而計(jì)劃生育家庭老年人面臨著諸多的養(yǎng)老問題,其中主要來自于醫(yī)療救治和養(yǎng)老保障,因而探討將獎(jiǎng)扶政策與醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老等政策相融合,將有效改善農(nóng)村計(jì)劃生育家庭老年人晚年生活質(zhì)量。目的調(diào)查吉林省磐石市部分鄉(xiāng)街計(jì)劃生育獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策實(shí)施現(xiàn)狀,分析農(nóng)民對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策的認(rèn)可度、滿意度、信任度,了解群眾對(duì)獎(jiǎng)扶政策改善計(jì)劃生育家庭老年人生活狀況的作用。探討如何完善計(jì)劃生育獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策,為進(jìn)一步改善農(nóng)村計(jì)劃生育家庭老年人生活狀況提供有效途徑。方法在吉林省磐石市抽取的四個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)街中隨機(jī)抽取1500人做為研究對(duì)象。分析農(nóng)村計(jì)劃生育獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策實(shí)施現(xiàn)狀,調(diào)查農(nóng)民對(duì)這一政策的認(rèn)可度、滿意度及信任度及政策實(shí)施的有效作用,分析計(jì)劃生育家庭老年人生活現(xiàn)狀及解決方案。采用excel進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的輸入整理,導(dǎo)入統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS17.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)分析,采用描述統(tǒng)計(jì),定量資料采用方差分析,定性資料采用卡方檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果通過對(duì)吉林省磐石市近10年期間實(shí)施計(jì)劃生育獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策情況的調(diào)查,對(duì)抽取的1363份有效調(diào)查問卷進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,對(duì)實(shí)施農(nóng)村計(jì)劃生育獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策內(nèi)部各因素的討論結(jié)果如下:1.對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策的出臺(tái)必要性的調(diào)查中,分地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,不同鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)群眾認(rèn)為實(shí)施這一政策有必要的占85.4%-98.1%,認(rèn)為必要的程度存在差異(P0.001);已享受與未享受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策的對(duì)象認(rèn)為有必要的占94.6%-96.8%,認(rèn)可程度也存在差異(P0.043);不同人均收入家庭人口認(rèn)為有必要的占96.5%-98.2%,認(rèn)可程度也存在差異(P0.037)。在對(duì)不同家庭常住人口數(shù)及不同家庭年收入人群的調(diào)查中,認(rèn)為有必要的比例占94.5%-97.9%,認(rèn)可程度不存在差異。2.對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策規(guī)定對(duì)象合理性的調(diào)查中,分地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,不同鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)群眾認(rèn)為獎(jiǎng)扶對(duì)象規(guī)定合理的占82.5%-92.7%,認(rèn)為合理的程度存在差異(P0.002);已享受和未享受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策的對(duì)象對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策規(guī)定對(duì)象合理的占82.5%-86.8%,認(rèn)可程度也存在差異(P0.047);不同人均收入人員認(rèn)為有合理的占82.0%-94.7%,認(rèn)可程度也存在差異(P0.003)。在對(duì)不同年齡組、不同家庭常住人口數(shù)人群的調(diào)查中,認(rèn)為有必要的比例占84.5%-90.2%,認(rèn)可程度不存在差異。3.對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助金額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)滿意度的調(diào)查中,分地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,不同鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)群眾對(duì)獎(jiǎng)扶金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)滿意的占80.0%-94.5%,滿意的程度存在差異(P0.001);已享受和未享受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策的對(duì)象對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)金的滿意的占81.2%-93.1%,滿意程度也存在差異(P0.001);不同年齡組人員對(duì)獎(jiǎng)扶金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)滿意的占81.8%-93.4%,滿意的程度存在差異(P0.001);不同家庭常住人口數(shù)成員對(duì)獎(jiǎng)扶金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)滿意的占81.1%-90.7%,滿意的程度存在差異(P0.042)。不同人均收入人員表示滿意的占83.3%-95.1%,認(rèn)可程度不存在差異。部分群眾認(rèn)為獎(jiǎng)金的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)隨著居民消費(fèi)水平的提高和各地人均收入水平的增加而適度調(diào)整,在給予計(jì)生戶老年人精神慰藉的同時(shí),真正緩解他們生活上的壓力。4.對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助金領(lǐng)取及時(shí)性認(rèn)可度的調(diào)查中,分地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,不同鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)群眾認(rèn)為及時(shí)的占83.1%-100%,認(rèn)可程度存在差異(P0.001);已享受和未享受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策的對(duì)象對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)金領(lǐng)取及時(shí)性認(rèn)可的占88.9%-97.0%,認(rèn)可程度也存在差異(P0.001);不同年齡組人員對(duì)獎(jiǎng)扶金領(lǐng)取及時(shí)性認(rèn)可度占88.08%-96.6%,認(rèn)可程度存在差異(P0.001);不同家庭常住人口數(shù)成員對(duì)獎(jiǎng)扶金領(lǐng)取及時(shí)性認(rèn)可的占84.6%-97.6%,認(rèn)可程度存在差異(P0.001)。不同人均收入人員認(rèn)為及時(shí)的占92.2%-97.7%,認(rèn)可程度不存在差異。5.對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策與其它養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)政策并軌實(shí)施期待情況的調(diào)查中,分地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,不同鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)群眾表示期待的占56.3%-99.8%,期待程度存在差異(P0.001);已享受和未享受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策的對(duì)象對(duì)對(duì)此表示期待的占73.4%-93.2%,滿意程度也存在差異(P0.001);不同年齡組人員對(duì)此表示期待的占72.8%-98.0%,滿意的程度存在差異(P0.001);不同家庭常住人口數(shù)成員對(duì)此表示期待的占88.3%-89.8%,滿意的程度存在差異(P0.001);不同人均收入人員對(duì)此表示期待的占84.1%-98.1%,滿意的程度存在差異(P0.001)。結(jié)論1.農(nóng)村計(jì)劃生育獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策為計(jì)劃生育家庭老年人帶來了生活上的實(shí)惠,農(nóng)民中有一定的滿意度。2.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助金額嚴(yán)重低于居民平均生活保障水平,應(yīng)根據(jù)居民人均消費(fèi)水平的提高逐步提升獎(jiǎng)金額度。3.農(nóng)村計(jì)劃生育獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策與其他農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度并軌實(shí)施,即能促進(jìn)各種養(yǎng)老制度的全覆蓋,又能讓計(jì)劃生育家庭老年人得到更多的實(shí)惠。
[Abstract]:Since 80s, the family planning policy has been carried out in China. Over 30 years have passed and China has had a population of more than 400000000 less. The fertility level of women of childbearing age in China has been significantly reduced and lower than the level of population replacement. This part of the family has gradually become a social disadvantaged family. In the rural areas, the elderly who implemented family planning families in the early years have become a social problem. After the pilot work in 2006, the policy of family planning rewards and assistance is widely implemented throughout the country. The implementation of this policy has made the old people of the family planning psychologically. Consolation has a certain degree of satisfaction in the countryside, and the elderly people in family planning are faced with many problems of the old age, which mainly comes from medical treatment and old-age security. Therefore, it is discussed that the policy of winning and helping, medical insurance, rural pension and other policies will effectively improve the quality of life of the old people in family planning families in their later years. Check the status of family planning incentive policy implementation in Panshi street in Jilin Province, analyze the approval degree, satisfaction and trust of farmers, understand the role of the people to improve the living conditions of family planning family in family planning, and discuss how to improve the supporting policy of the planned birth control to further improve the rural plan. An effective way is provided for the living conditions of the elderly in the family. Methods 1500 people randomly selected from four townships in Panshi City, Jilin Province, were selected as the research object. The status of the implementation of rural family planning incentive policy implementation was analyzed, and the farmers' recognition degree, satisfaction and trust and the effective effect of policy implementation were investigated. The living situation of family planning family and the solution of the elderly people's living conditions. The data are input and arranged by Excel, the statistical software SPSS17.0 is introduced to the statistical data analysis, the descriptive statistics are used, the quantitative data is analyzed by variance analysis, and the qualitative data are checked by chi square test. The result is to carry out the family planning award during the last 10 years in the Panshi City of Jilin province. The investigation of supporting policy situation, data analysis on 1363 effective questionnaires and the results of the internal factors in the implementation of rural family planning incentive policies are as follows: 1. in the investigation of the necessity of the introduction of the incentive and support policy, the data in the regions show that the people in different towns think it necessary to implement this policy. Accounting for 85.4%-98.1%, the degree of necessity is different (P0.001); the objects that have enjoyed and not enjoyed the incentives are considered necessary to account for 94.6%-96.8%, and the degree of recognition is also different (P0.043); the family population of different per capita income is considered necessary to occupy 96.5%-98.2%, and the degree of recognition is also different (P0.037). In the survey of population and different family income groups, it is considered that the proportion of the necessary proportion is 94.5%-97.9%, and the degree of recognition does not exist in the investigation of the rationality of the target of the incentive policy. The data in the sub region show that the people of different villages and towns think that the award and support objects are reasonable in 82.5%-92.7%, and that the degree of rationality is poor. Different (P0.002); the objects that have enjoyed and did not enjoy the incentive policy have a reasonable account of 82.5%-86.8%, and the degree of recognition is also different (P0.047); different per capita income people think that there is a reasonable account for 82.0%-94.7%, and the degree of recognition is also different (P0.003). In the group of different ages, the number of people in different families is a number of people. In the survey of the group, the proportion of the necessary proportion is 84.5%-90.2%, and the degree of recognition does not exist in the investigation of the satisfaction of the award support amount standard. The data in the sub region show that the people of different villages and towns are satisfied with 80.0%-94.5%, and the degree of satisfaction is different (P0.001); it has enjoyed and did not enjoy the support policy. The satisfaction of the object to the reward was 81.2%-93.1%, and the satisfaction degree was also different (P0.001); the people of different age groups were satisfied with the award and support gold standard, 81.8%-93.4%, and the degree of satisfaction were different (P0.001); the members of the different family permanent population accounted for 81.1%-90.7%, and the degree of satisfaction was different (P0.042). Per capita income staff are satisfied with 83.3%-95.1%, and there is no difference in recognition. Some people think that the standard of bonus should be adjusted appropriately with the increase of residents' consumption level and the increase of per capita income level. While giving the seniors' spiritual comfort to the elderly, they are really relieving their life pressure.4. to reward and support. In the survey of the recognition degree of timeliness, the data in the region showed that the people in different villages and towns believed that 83.1%-100% was in time, and the degree of recognition was different (P0.001); 88.9% -97.0% who had enjoyed and did not enjoy the reward and assistance policy was recognized by the award, and the degree of recognition was also different (P0.001); the different age groups were different. The acceptance of award and support gold was 88.08%-96.6%, the degree of recognition was different (P0.001); the number of members of the permanent population of different families accounted for 84.6%-97.6%, and the degree of recognition was different (P0.001). Different per capita income people thought and when they accounted for 92.2%-97.7%, and there was no difference in the degree of recognition of.5.. In the investigation of the parallel implementation of the policy and other old-age insurance policies, the data in the region showed that the expectations of the people in different villages and towns accounted for 56.3%-99.8%, and the expectation was different (P0.001); the objects that had enjoyed and did not enjoy the incentive policy were expected to account for 73.4%-93.2%, and the degree of satisfaction was also different. (P0.001); people of different age groups were expected to account for 72.8%-98.0%, and the degree of satisfaction was different (P0.001); the number of members of the permanent population of different families accounted for 88.3%-89.8%, and the degree of satisfaction was different (P0.001); different per capita income people expected to account for 84.1%-98.1%, and the degree of satisfaction was different (P0.0 01) 01) conclusion 1. rural family planning reward and support policy has brought life benefits to family planning family members. Among the farmers, the amount of satisfaction in the farmers' satisfaction is seriously lower than the average living security level of the residents. It is necessary to increase the amount of the bonus according to the increase of the per capita consumption level of the residents and to help the rural family planning award to help them gradually. Policy and other rural old-age, medical insurance system on the same track, that is, to promote the full coverage of all kinds of pension systems, and to allow family planning families to get more benefits.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：C924.21

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